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Major Depresif Bozuklukta Nörobilişsel ve Psikososyal İşlevsellik İlişkisi: Çok Merkezli Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 229 - 237, 28.03.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Majör Depresif Bozukluk (MDD) ve ilgili faktörlerin işlevsellik üzerindeki etkilerine dair bütünsel bir bakış açısı sunmakta ve nörobilişsel ve psikososyal bozukluklar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma retrospektif tipte olup, Türkiye’deki sekiz farklı klinikten elde edilen verilerin analiz edilmesiyle yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya DSM-5 kriterlerine göre MDD tanısı almış 98 hasta ile yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim düzeyi açısından eşleştirilmiş 68 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edilmiştir. Veriler, Montgomery-Asberg Depresyon Ölçeği (MADRS), Sheehan Yetiyitimi Ölçeği (SYYÖ), Algılanan Bilişsel Kusurlar Anketi (ABKA), Sayı-Sembol Eşleme Testi (SSET) ve SF-36 Sağlık Anketi kullanılarak retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: MDD hastaları, SF-36’nın tüm alt alanlarında ve ABKA skorlarında anlamlı derecede daha düşük puan almıştır. Depresyon şiddeti ve başlangıç yaşı, ABKA skorlarını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde etkilerken, eğitim düzeyi SSET skorları üzerinde belirleyici bulunmuştur. ABKA ile SF-36’nın sosyal işlevsellik dışındaki tüm alt ölçekleri arasında negatif bir ilişki gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: MDD hastalarında nörobilişsel ve psikososyal işlevsellik düzeyleri düşük bulunmuştur. Depresyon şiddeti ve başlangıç yaşının bilişsel işlevsellik üzerindeki etkisi belirgin olup, eğitim düzeyinin yürütücü işlevlerle ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bulgular, MDD'nin işlevsellik üzerindeki etkisini vurgulamakta ve depresyon semptomlarının bilişsel ve psikososyal yönleri arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiye dikkat çekmektedir.

References

  • Aydemir, Ö., Çökmüş, F. P., Akdeniz, F., Dikici, D. S., & Balıkçı, K. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Turkish versions of perceived deficit questionnaire-depression and British Columbia cognitive complaints inventory. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 18(3), 224–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/apd.228537
  • Aydemir, Ö., Ergün, H., Soygür, H., Kesebir, S., & Tulunay, C. (2009). Major depresif bozuklukta yaşam kalitesi: kesitsel bir çalışma. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(3).
  • Cabello, M., Mellor-Marsá, B., Sabariego, C., Cieza, A., Bickenbach, J., & Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. (2012). Psychosocial features of depression: a systematic literature review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 141(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.009
  • Cambridge, O. R., Knight, M. J., Mills, N., & Baune, B. T. (2018). The clinical relationship between cognitive impairment and psychosocial functioning in major depressive disorder: a systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 269, 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.033
  • Cha, D. S., Carmona, N. E., Subramaniapillai, M., Mansur, R. B., Lee, Y., Hon Lee, J., … McIntyre, R. S. (2017). Cognitive impairment as measured by the THINC-integrated tool (THINC-it): Association with psychosocial function in major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 222(June), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.036
  • Choenarom, C., Williams, R. A., & Hagerty, B. M. (2005). The role of sense of belonging and social support on stress and depression in individuals with depression. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 19(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2004.11.003
  • Davis, M. T., DellaGioia, N., Matuskey, D., Harel, B., Maruff, P., Pietrzak, R. H., & Esterlis, I. (2017). Preliminary evidence concerning the pattern and magnitude of cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder using cogstate measures. Journal of Affective Disorders, 218, 82–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.064
  • Goodall, J., Fisher, C., Hetrick, S., Phillips, L., Parrish, E. M., & Allott, K. (2018). Neurocognitive functioning in depressed young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology Review, 28(2), 216–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-018-9373-9
  • Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Porras-Segovia, A., Dunne, H., Andrade-González, N., & Cervilla, J. A. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder: A systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(6), 657–672. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0650
  • Hammer-Helmich, L., Haro, J. M., Jönsson, B., Melac, A. T., Di Nicola, S., Chollet, J., … Saragoussi, D. (2018). Functional impairment in patients with major depressive disorder: The 2-year PERFORM study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14, 239–249. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S146098
  • Knight, Mattew J., Air, T., & Baune, B. T. (2018). The role of cognitive impairment in psychosocial functioning in remitted depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235(March), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.051
  • Knight, Matthew J., Aboustate, N., & Baune, B. T. (2018). Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: Cause and effect. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 5(4), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-018-0160-y
  • Knight, Matthew J., & Baune, B. T. (2018). Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 31(1), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000378
  • Kocyigit, H., Aydemir, Ö., Fisek, G., & Memiş, A. (1999). Kisa form 36'nin Türkce versiyonunun güvenilirligi ve gecerliligi. Ilaç ve Tedavi Dergisi, 12, 102–106.
  • Lam, R. W., Saragoussi, D., Danchenko, N., Rive, B., Lamy, F. X., & Brevig, T. (2013). Psychometric validation of perceived deficits questionnaire–depression (PDQ-D) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Value in Health, 16(7), A330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.08.046
  • Lee, R. S. C., Hermens, D. F., Porter, M. A., & Redoblado-Hodge, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in first-episode major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.023
  • Montgomery, S. A., & Åsberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 134(4), 382–389. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.134.4.382
  • Morey-Nase, C., Phillips, L. J., Bryce, S., Hetrick, S., Wright, A. L., Caruana, E., & Allott, K. (2019). Subjective experiences of neurocognitive functioning in young people with major depression. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2197-1
  • Murray, J., Banerjee, S., Byng, R., Tylee, A., Bhugra, D., & Macdonald, A. (2006). Primary care professionals' perceptions of depression in older people: a qualitative study. Social Science & Medicine, 63(5), 1363–1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.037
  • Özer, S. K., Demir, B., Tuğal, Ö., & KABAKÇI, E. (2001). Montgomery-Asberg depresyon değerlendirme ölçeği: Değerlendiriciler arası güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(3), 185–194.
  • Schwert, C., Stohrer, M., Aschenbrenner, S., Weisbrod, M., & Schröder, A. (2018). Biased neurocognitive self-perception in depressive and in healthy persons. Journal of Affective Disorders, 232(February), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.031
  • Sheehan, D. V, Harnett-Sheehan, K., & Raj, B. A. (1996). The measurement of disability. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 89–95.
  • Sumiyoshi, T., Watanabe, K., Noto, S., Sakamoto, S., Moriguchi, Y., Tan, K. H. X., … Fernandez, J. (2019). Relationship of cognitive impairment with depressive symptoms and psychosocial function in patients with major depressive disorder: Cross–sectional analysis of baseline data from PERFORM-J. Journal of Affective Disorders, 258(July), 172– 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.064
  • Ware Jr, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 473–483.
  • Wechsler, D. (1958). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence. Academic Medicine, 33(9), 706.

The Relationship Between Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Functioning in Major Depressive Disorder: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 229 - 237, 28.03.2025

Abstract

Objective: This study provides a holistic perspective of the effects of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and related factors on functioning and examines the relationship between neurocognitive and psychosocial impairments. Materials and Methods: This retrospective archive study was conducted by analyzing data obtained from eight different clinics in Turkey. The study included 98 patients diagnosed with MDD (DSM-5 criteria) and 68 matched healthy controls. Retrospective evaluations included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Perceived Deficit Questionnaire (PDQ-D), Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and SF-36 Health Survey. Results: Neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning levels were found to be low in MDD patients. Patients with MDD scored significantly lower on all domains of SF-36 and PDQ-D scores. While severity of depression and age of onset had a statistically significant impact on PDQ-D scores, educational level had a statistically significant impact on DSST scores. A negative correlation was observed between the PDQ-D and domains of the SF-36 other than the social functioning domain. Conclusion: The present study’s findings related to the Turkish population emphasize the burden of MDD on functioning. Furthermore, the two-way relationship between impairments in cognitive and psychosocial functioning indicates a different aspect of depression symptomatology.

References

  • Aydemir, Ö., Çökmüş, F. P., Akdeniz, F., Dikici, D. S., & Balıkçı, K. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Turkish versions of perceived deficit questionnaire-depression and British Columbia cognitive complaints inventory. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 18(3), 224–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/apd.228537
  • Aydemir, Ö., Ergün, H., Soygür, H., Kesebir, S., & Tulunay, C. (2009). Major depresif bozuklukta yaşam kalitesi: kesitsel bir çalışma. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(3).
  • Cabello, M., Mellor-Marsá, B., Sabariego, C., Cieza, A., Bickenbach, J., & Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. (2012). Psychosocial features of depression: a systematic literature review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 141(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.009
  • Cambridge, O. R., Knight, M. J., Mills, N., & Baune, B. T. (2018). The clinical relationship between cognitive impairment and psychosocial functioning in major depressive disorder: a systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 269, 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.033
  • Cha, D. S., Carmona, N. E., Subramaniapillai, M., Mansur, R. B., Lee, Y., Hon Lee, J., … McIntyre, R. S. (2017). Cognitive impairment as measured by the THINC-integrated tool (THINC-it): Association with psychosocial function in major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 222(June), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.036
  • Choenarom, C., Williams, R. A., & Hagerty, B. M. (2005). The role of sense of belonging and social support on stress and depression in individuals with depression. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 19(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2004.11.003
  • Davis, M. T., DellaGioia, N., Matuskey, D., Harel, B., Maruff, P., Pietrzak, R. H., & Esterlis, I. (2017). Preliminary evidence concerning the pattern and magnitude of cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder using cogstate measures. Journal of Affective Disorders, 218, 82–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.064
  • Goodall, J., Fisher, C., Hetrick, S., Phillips, L., Parrish, E. M., & Allott, K. (2018). Neurocognitive functioning in depressed young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology Review, 28(2), 216–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-018-9373-9
  • Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Porras-Segovia, A., Dunne, H., Andrade-González, N., & Cervilla, J. A. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder: A systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(6), 657–672. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0650
  • Hammer-Helmich, L., Haro, J. M., Jönsson, B., Melac, A. T., Di Nicola, S., Chollet, J., … Saragoussi, D. (2018). Functional impairment in patients with major depressive disorder: The 2-year PERFORM study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14, 239–249. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S146098
  • Knight, Mattew J., Air, T., & Baune, B. T. (2018). The role of cognitive impairment in psychosocial functioning in remitted depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235(March), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.051
  • Knight, Matthew J., Aboustate, N., & Baune, B. T. (2018). Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: Cause and effect. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 5(4), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-018-0160-y
  • Knight, Matthew J., & Baune, B. T. (2018). Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 31(1), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000378
  • Kocyigit, H., Aydemir, Ö., Fisek, G., & Memiş, A. (1999). Kisa form 36'nin Türkce versiyonunun güvenilirligi ve gecerliligi. Ilaç ve Tedavi Dergisi, 12, 102–106.
  • Lam, R. W., Saragoussi, D., Danchenko, N., Rive, B., Lamy, F. X., & Brevig, T. (2013). Psychometric validation of perceived deficits questionnaire–depression (PDQ-D) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Value in Health, 16(7), A330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.08.046
  • Lee, R. S. C., Hermens, D. F., Porter, M. A., & Redoblado-Hodge, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in first-episode major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.023
  • Montgomery, S. A., & Åsberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 134(4), 382–389. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.134.4.382
  • Morey-Nase, C., Phillips, L. J., Bryce, S., Hetrick, S., Wright, A. L., Caruana, E., & Allott, K. (2019). Subjective experiences of neurocognitive functioning in young people with major depression. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2197-1
  • Murray, J., Banerjee, S., Byng, R., Tylee, A., Bhugra, D., & Macdonald, A. (2006). Primary care professionals' perceptions of depression in older people: a qualitative study. Social Science & Medicine, 63(5), 1363–1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.037
  • Özer, S. K., Demir, B., Tuğal, Ö., & KABAKÇI, E. (2001). Montgomery-Asberg depresyon değerlendirme ölçeği: Değerlendiriciler arası güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(3), 185–194.
  • Schwert, C., Stohrer, M., Aschenbrenner, S., Weisbrod, M., & Schröder, A. (2018). Biased neurocognitive self-perception in depressive and in healthy persons. Journal of Affective Disorders, 232(February), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.031
  • Sheehan, D. V, Harnett-Sheehan, K., & Raj, B. A. (1996). The measurement of disability. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 89–95.
  • Sumiyoshi, T., Watanabe, K., Noto, S., Sakamoto, S., Moriguchi, Y., Tan, K. H. X., … Fernandez, J. (2019). Relationship of cognitive impairment with depressive symptoms and psychosocial function in patients with major depressive disorder: Cross–sectional analysis of baseline data from PERFORM-J. Journal of Affective Disorders, 258(July), 172– 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.064
  • Ware Jr, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 473–483.
  • Wechsler, D. (1958). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence. Academic Medicine, 33(9), 706.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Promotion
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Alçı 0000-0001-5889-691X

Serra Yüzeren 0000-0002-4728-7331

Fikret Poyraz Çökmüş 0000-0001-9111-1539

Didem Sücüllüoğlu Dikici 0000-0003-0473-6675

Kadir Aşçıbaşı 0000-0002-5295-512X

Erkan Kuru 0000-0003-1949-4007

Neslihan Altunsoy 0000-0002-9235-1654

Hüseyin Murat Özkan 0000-0003-0713-1743

Ömer Aydemir 0009-0009-7524-2622

Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date March 11, 2025
Acceptance Date March 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Alçı, D., Yüzeren, S., Çökmüş, F. P., Sücüllüoğlu Dikici, D., et al. (2025). The Relationship Between Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Functioning in Major Depressive Disorder: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1655051

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