Orman Yangını Riskinin CBS Kullanılarak Niğde Örneğinde Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, CBS kullanarak orman yangın risk haritası hazırlamak için istatistiksel bir model geliştirmektir. Bu çalışmada orman yangını riskini belirlemek için arazi kullanımı/arazi örtüsü tipi, eğim, bakı, rakım, yerleşim, yol, sıcaklık ve yağış gibi sekiz önemli faktör kullanılmıştır. Faktörleri değerlendirmek için Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) kullanılmıştır. Yağış ve sıcaklık orman yangını riskini belirleyen en önemli faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanı yaklaşık %10.72 düşük yangın riski, %28.21 orta yangın riski, %43.50 yüksek yangın riski, %14.65 çok yüksek yangın riski ve %2.92 aşırı orman yangını riskine sahiptir. Çalışma alanının %61,07'si yüksek, çok yüksek ve aşırı orman yangını riskine sahiptir. Orman yangınlarını önlemek için arazi örtüsü/arazi kullanımı ormanlara zarar vermeyecek şekilde planlanmalıdır. Özellikle ormanların yakınında bulunan araç yolları, otoyollar vb. alanlarının yangın riskini yükselttiği unutulmamalıdır. Bu nedenle bu alanlar ormanlara zarar vermeyecek şekilde planlanmalıdır. Çalışma alanının iklimsel özellikleri incelenmeli, kentsel doku rüzgâr ve yağış gibi mikro iklim faktörlerini engelleyecek şekilde planlanmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevre koruma
• çevre yönetimi
• orman
• CBS
• yangın risk analizi

Determination of Forest Fire Risk Using GIS: A Case Study in Nigde, Turkey

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to develop a statistical model to prepare forest fire risk map using GIS. In this study eight important factors were used to determining the forest fire risk such as land use/land cover type, slope, aspect, altitude, settlement, road, temperature and precipitation. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the factors. Precipitation and temperature were the most important factors to determining the forest fire risk. The study area has approximately 10.72% low fire risk, 28.21% moderate fire risk, 43.50% high fire risk, 14.65% very high fire risk, and 2.92% extreme forest fire risk. 61.07% of the study area has a high, very high and extreme forest fire risk. In order to prevent forest fires, land cover/land use should be planned in a way that does not damage forests. Especially vehicle roads, expressways, etc. which are located near the forests, have a high fire risk. Therefore, these areas should be planned in a way that will not damage the forests. The climatic characteristics of the study area should be examined, the urban texture should not be in a way to prevent microclimatic factors such as wind and precipitation.

Keywords

• Environmental preservation
• environmental management
• forest
• GIS
• fire risk analysis

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