Variation in Soil Properties and Nutrient Stocks Under Different Forest Tree Species with Altitude, Aspect and Soil Depths

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of altitude, slope aspect, and tree species on soil macro (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Zn, Al) concentrations and stocks. Four tree species (Scots pine, black pine, beech, and oak), three soil depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm), two aspect positions (sunny and shady), and two altitudes (1189 m and 871 m) were considered for this study. The results showed that beech had the highest C (57.7 ton/ha), N (3.32 ton/ha), and P (0.181 ton/ha) stocks and oak had the lowest (39.7-ton C ha-1; 2.37-ton N ha-1, 0.115-ton P ha-1). Among the tree species, the highest calcium stock was found in black pine (3.64 tons/ha) and oak (2.41 tons/ha), the lowest in Scotch pine (0.73 tons/ha) and beech (0.67 tons/ha), while the highest potassium was seen in scotch pine (3.60 tons/ha), followed by beech (2.92 tons/ha), black pine (2.16 tons/ha) and the lowest in oak (1.03 tons/ha). Macronutrient stocks also differed between upper and lower altitudes and shady and sunny aspects, but the direction of the differences varied according to tree species and macronutrient element. Differences in micronutrient stocks were generally in the same direction. Micronutrient stocks were higher in the upper altitudes and sunny aspect position. Among tree species, Scots pine and beech stands had more micronutrient stocks than black pine and oak stands.

Keywords

• Soil nutrient stocks
• topography
• deciduous trees
• coniferous trees
• aspect

Farklı Orman Ağaç Türleri Altındaki Toprak Özelliklerinin ve Besin Stoklarının Yükselti, Bakı ve Toprak Derinliğine Göre Değişimi

Abstract

Çalışma toprak makro (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg) ve mikro (Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Zn, Al) besin stoklarına, yükselti, bakı ve ağaç türlerinin etkisini araştırmak için Kastamonu ili Daday ilçesi ormanlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, dört ağaç türünde (sarıçam, karaçam, kayın ve meşe) ve üç toprak derinliğinden (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm) olmak üzere iki bakı (güneşli ve gölgeli) ve iki yükselti basamağında (1189 m ve 871 m) örnek alanlar seçilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, türler arasında en yüksek C (57.7 ton/ha), N (3.32 ton/ha) ve P (0.181 ton/ha) stoku kayın, en düşük meşede (39.7-ton C ha-1; 2.37-ton N ha-1, 0.115-ton P ha-1) bulunmuştur. Ağaç türleri arasında ortalama değerlere göre en yüksek kalsiyum stoku karaçamda (3.64 ton/ha) ve meşede (2.41 ton/ha), en düşük sarıçam (0.73 ton/ha) ve kayında (0.67 ton/ha) tespit edilirken, en yüksek potasyum stoku sarıçamda (3.60 ton/ha), sonrasında kayında (2.92 ton/ha), karaçamda (2.16 ton/ha) ve en düşük meşede (1.03 ton/ha) tespit edilmiştir. Makro besin stoklarının yükselti ile bakıya bağlı olarak önemli değişiklik gösterdiği, fakat değişikliğin yönünün ağaç türü ve besin elementine göre farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Mikro besin stoklarında farklılıklar genel olarak aynı yönde değişim göstermiştir. Mikro besin stokları üst rakım ve güneşli bakılarda daha yüksek, türler arasında ise sarıçam ve kayında, karaçam ve meşeden daha fazla bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• Toprak besin stokları
• topografya
• yapraklı türler
• iğne yapraklı türler
• bakı

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