Kuarternize Karboksimetil Selüloz Esaslı Farklı Ahşap Kaplamaların Antimikrobiyal ve Yüzey Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Günlük yaşamın hemen hemen her alanında kullanılan ahşap kaplamalara kullanım alanlarının gereksinimine göre fonksiyonel özellikler kazandırılmaktadır. Steril alanlara gereksinim duyulan uygulamalarda ahşap kaplamaların antimikrobiyal özellik göstermesi fonksiyonel ahşap kaplamaların en önemli örneklerindendir. Ayrıca kullanım alanına göre hidrofil veya hidrofob ahşap kaplamaların tercih edilebilmesi önemli bir avantajdır. Bu çalışmada, kuarternize karboksimetil selüloz (CMC) bazlı ahşap kaplamaların antimikrobiyal ve yüzey özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak kuarternize CMC sentezlendi ve kayın, meşe ve maun ahşap kaplamalara kuarternize CMC daldırma metodu ile emprenye edildi. Elde edilen fonksiyonelleştirilmiş ahşap kaplamaların antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri hem gram pozitif (S. aureus) hem de gram negatif (E. coli) bakterilere karşı inhibisyon zonu (disk difüzyon) yöntemi kullanılarak incelendi. Kaplamalarınm yüzey özellikleri su ile yapmış oldukları temas açısı ölçülerek belirlendi. Ayrıca ahşap kaplamaların hücre lümenlerinin kuarternize CMC ile doldurulduğu taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelendi. Elde edilen sonuçlardan ahşap kaplamaların hücre lümenlerinin kuarternize CMC ile başarılı bir şekilde doldurulduğu ve kaplamalara antimikrobiyal özellik ve hidrofilik karakter kazandırıldığı belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kuarternize karboksimetil selüloz
• ahşap kaplamalar
• antimikrobiyal
• yüzey özellikleri

Investigation of Antimicrobial and Surface Properties of Different Wood Coatings Based on Quarternized Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Abstract

Wooden coatings, which are used in almost every area of daily life, are given functional properties according to the needs of the areas of use. In applications where sterile areas are required, the antimicrobial feature of wood coatings is one of the most important examples of functional wooden coatings. In addition, it is an important advantage that hydrophilic or hydrophobic wood coatings can be preferred according to the usage area. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and surface properties of quaternized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based wood coatings. Firstly, quaternized CMC was synthesized and quaternized CMC was impregnated on beech, oak and mahogany wood veneers by dipping method. The antimicrobial activities of the obtained functionalized wood coatings were investigated against both gram positive (S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria using the zone of inhibition (disk diffusion) method. The surface properties of the coatings were determined by measuring their contact angle with water. In addition, the cell lumens of the wood veneers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in which quaternized CMC was filled. From the results obtained, it was determined that the cell lumens of the wooden coatings were successfully filled with quaternized CMC and the coatings were given antimicrobial properties and hydrophilic character.

Keywords

• Quarternized carboxymethyl cellulose
• wood coatings
• antimicrobial
• surface properties

References

1. Atar, M. (2006). Melamin reçineli kağıtla kaplanmış yonga levhanın çeşitli malzeme ve tutkallarla yüz yüze yapışma direnci. Politeknik Dergisi, 9, 319-324.
2. Beims, R.F., Arredondo, R., Carrero, D.J.S., Yuan, Z., Li, H., Shui, H., Zhang, Y., Leitch, M. ve Xu, C.C. (2022). Functionalized wood as bio-based advanced materials: Properties, applications, and challenges, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 157, 112074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112074
3. Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Dai, J., Song, J., Yao, Y., Gong, Y., Kierzewski, I., Xie, J. and Hu, L. (2017). All-wood, low tortuosity, aqueous, biodegradable supercapacitors with ultra-high capacitance. Energy & Environmental Science, 10, 538-545. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE03716J
4. Eroğlu, E. (2020). In vitro 3D spheroid culture developed on the parafilm surface using HEK-293 Cells. Academic Perspective Procedia, 3, 220-227. https://doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.48
5. Han, B., Dalun Z., Ziqiang S., Linlin K. ve Shaoyi L. (2013). Preparation and characterization of cellulose acetate/carboxymethyl cellulose acetate blend ultrafiltration membranes. Desalination, 311, 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.002
6. İstek, A., Aydemir, D. ve Aksu, S. (2010). The effect of decor paper and resin type on the physical, mechanical, and surface quality properties of particleboards coated with impregnated decor papers. BioResources 5, 1074-1083.
7. İstek, A., Muğla, K ve Yazıcı, H. (2015). Mobilya üretiminde kullanılan ticari mdf levhaların özellikleri. Selçuk-Teknik Dergisi, 14, 333-343.
8. Keskin, H. ve Tekin, A. (2011). Abrasion resistances of cellulosic, synthetic, polyurethane, waterborne and acid-hardening varnishes used woods. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 638-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.028

9. Krystofiak, T., Can, A. ve Lis, B. (2022). Investigation of roughness and adhesion strength properties of pine and poplar wood heat treated in air and under vacuum after artificial aging. Coatings, 12, 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121910
10. Liu, Y., Yang, H., Ma, C., Luo, S., Xu, M., Wu, Z., Li, W. Ve Liu, S. (2020). Luminescent transparent wood based on lignin-derived carbon dots as a building material for dual-channel, real-time, and visual detection of formaldehyde gas. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12, 36628-36638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.05.008
11. Mantanis, G.I. (2017). Chemical modification of wood by acetylation or furfurylation: a review of the present scaled-up Technologies. Bioresources, 12, 4478-4489. https://doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.48
12. Nemli, G. (2003). Sentetik laminat endüstrisi. KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayınları. Ders 71, 110.
13. Podgorski, L., De Meijer, M. ve Lanvin, J.D. (2017). Influence of coating formulation on its mechanical properties and cracking resistance. Coatings, 7, 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7100163
14. Pour, Z.S., Makvandi, P. ve Ghaemy, M. (2015). Performance properties and antibacterial activity of crosslinked films of quaternary ammonium modified starch and poly(vinyl alcohol), International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 80, 596-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.008
15. Sandberg, D., Kutnar, A. ve Mantanis, G. (2017). Wood modification technologies - a review. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 10, 895-908. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2380-010
16. Šimkovic, I., Gucmann, F. ve Hricovíni, M. (2023). Properties of quaternized and crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose films. Cellulose, 30, 2023-2036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-05031-5
17. Song, J., Chen, C., Zhu, S., Zhu, M., Dai, J., Ray, U., Li, Y., Kuang, Y., Li, Y., Quispe, N., Yao, Y., Gong, A., Leiste, U.H., Bruck, H.A., Zhu, J.Y., Vellore, A., Li, H., Minus, M.L., Jia, Z., Martini, A., Li, T. ve Hu, L. (2018). Processing bulk natural wood into a high-performance structural material. Nature, 554, 224-228. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25476
18. Sözen, E. (2022). Determination of changes in the mechanical and color properties of some wood species treated with shellac, BioResorces, 17, 1703-1716. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.1703-1716
19. Sözen, E. ve Bardak, T. (2021). Determination of species of some wood veneers using machine vision. Color Research & Application, 46(6), 1392-1399.
20. Taghiyari, H.R., Tajvidi, M., Soltani, A., Esmailpour, A., Khodadoosti, G., Jafarzadeh, H., Militz, H. ve Papadopoulos, A.N. (2021). Improving fire retardancy of unheated and heat-treated fir wood by nano-sepiolite. Holz Rohund Werkst. 79, 841-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-021-01679-1
21. Uppanan, P., Channasanon, S., Veeranondh, S. ve Tanodekaew, S. (2011). Synthesis of GTMAC modified chitin–PAA gel and evaluation of its biological properties. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 98A, 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.33104
22. Vitas, S., Keplinger, T., Reichholf, N., Figi, R. ve Cabane, E. (2018). Functional lignocellulosic material for the remediation of copper(II) ions from water: towards the design of a wood filter. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 355, 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.015
23. Wei, X., Cai, J., Wang, C., Yang, K., Ding, S., Tian, F. ve Lin, S. (2022). Quaternized chitosan/cellulose composites as enhanced hemostatic and antibacterial sponges for wound healing, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 210, 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.007.
24. Winandy, J.E., Rudie, A.W., Williams, R.S. ve Wegner, T.H. (2008). Integrated biomass technologies: Future vision for optimally using wood and biomass. Forest Products Journal, 58, 6-16.
25. Xu, J., Jiang, Y., Zhang, T., Dai, Y., Yang, D., Qiu, F., Yu, Z. ve Yang, P. (2018). Synthesis of UV-curing waterborne polyurethane-acrylate coating and its photopolymerization kinetics using FT-IR and photo-DSC methods. Progress in Organic Coatings, 122, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.05.008
26. Zhang, H., Guan, G., Lou, T. ve Wang, X. (2023). High performance, cost-effective and ecofriendly flocculant synthesized by grafting carboxymethyl cellulose and alginate with itaconic acid. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 231, 123305, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123305