Orman Alaca Ağaçkakanı (Dendrocopos major)’un Üreme Sonrası Dönemdeki Meşcere Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma

Öz

Ağaçkakanlar (Picidae familyası) sahip oldukları morfolojik ve ekolojik özellikleri nedeniyle orman ekosistemlerinin korunması ve biyoçeşitliliğin sürdürülmesi için oldukça önemlidirler. Hatta bu türlerin korunması sayesinde diğer türlerin de korunması mümkün olacağından şemsiye tür olarak da önerilmektedirler. Ülkemizde yaşayan 9 ağaçkakan türünden biri olan Orman alaca ağaçkakanı (Dendrocopos major) en yaygın ağaçkakan türüdür. Bu çalışma, Orman alaca ağaçkakanı (D. major)’un üreme sonrası dönemde Çatacık ve Mihalıççık orman işletme müdürlüğü ormanlarında yayılış gösterdiği alanlardaki ihtiyaçlarını anlamak ve tür koruma stratejileri ile sürdürülebilir orman yönetiminin geliştirilmesi için gerekli temeli sağlamak amacıyla, Temmuz 2023-Kasım 2023 tarihleri arasında 168 farklı alanda, toplam 17 gün saha çalışması gerçekleştirilerek yapılmıştır. Saha çalışmalarında, 135 alanda noktada gözlem ve 33 alanda hatboyu sayım (Transekt) metodu kullanılarak elde edilen türe ait var-yok verileri ile Orman Genel Müdürlüğünden alınan meşcere harita verilerine IBM SPSS Statistics 22 programı kullanılarak “Mann Whitney U testi” ve “Ki-Kare Testi” uygulanmıştır. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda, Orman alaca ağaçkakanı (D. major)’un mevcudiyeti için meşcerede hakim olan ağaç türü, ağaç gövde çapı, ağaç yaşı, kapalılık derecesi, eğim derecesi ve yükseklik faktörlerinin belirleyici olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu belirleyici faktörlerin tümünü barındıran uygun meşcerelerin korunması, orman ekosistemleri için önemli görevleri olan bu türün devamlılığını sağlarken dolaylı olarak da birçok türün devamlılığını sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çatacık
• Mihalıççık
• Picidae
• orman ekosistemi

A Preliminary Study on the Determination of Stand Preferences of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in the Post-breeding Period

Abstract

Woodpeckers (family Picidae), due to their morphological and ecological characteristics, are very important for the protection of forest ecosystems and the maintenance of biodiversity. In fact, they are recommended as umbrella species, as their conservation enables the conservation of other species. The Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), one of the 9 woodpecker species living in our country, is the most common woodpecker species. This study was carried out between July 2023 and November 2023 at 168 different locations for a total of 17 days in order to understand the needs of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (D. major), in the post-breeding period in the forests of Çatacık and Mihalıççık Forest Management Directorates and to provide the necessary basis for the development of species conservation strategies and sustainable forest management. In the field studies, the “Mann-Whitney U test” and the “Chi-Square test” were applied to the species presence-absence data obtained using the point observation in 135 area and line-length counting (transect) in 33 area method, and to the stand map data obtained from the General Directorate of Forestry using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 programme. As a result of the Statistical analysis, it was determined that the dominant tree species in the stand, tree trunk diameter, tree age, closure, slope and height factors were determinant for the presence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (D. major). Conservation of suitable stands that harbour all of these determining factors will ensure the continuity of this species, which has important roles for forest ecosystems, and indirectly ensure the continuity of many species.

Keywords

• Çatacık
• Mihalıççık
• Picidae
• forest ecosystem

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