Fiberboard and Particleboard Production Using Agricultural Waste

Abstract

Today, wood based composites are among the most important forest products. Due to the increase in demand and

improvement in manufacturing technologies, some possible alternative raw materials to wood have been

investigated. Basically, alternative raw materials can be divided in two groups; namely, natural fiber resources

and agricultural wastes. Uses of agricultural wastes in composite manufacturing have been widely investigated in

worldwide. Agricultural chips and fibers were mixed with wood chips and wood fiber in manufacturing of

particleboard and fiberboard in different densities and thicknesses. Several adhesives in different ratios were

applied in experimental board manufacturing. Boards were manufactured under different temperature and

pressure regimes. Results indicate that boards manufactured by using agricultural waste can be alternative to

boards manufactured by using wood source.

Keywords

• Agricultural waste,Fiberboard,Particleboard

Tarımsal Atıklardan Lif ve Yonga Levha Üretimi

Öz

Günümüzde ahşap esaslı kompozitler en önemli orman ürünleri arasında bulunmaktadır. Bu ürünlere olan talebin

artması ve üretim teknolojisinin ilerlemesinin sonucu olarak hammadde olan oduna alternatif olarak bazı

hammadde kaynakları araştırılmıştır. Oduna alternatif lignoselülozik hammaddeler temelde ikiye ayrılmaktadır.

Bunlar, doğal lif kaynakları ve tarımsal atıklardır. Tarımsal atıklardan kompozit malzeme üretimine ilişkin

Dünyada ve Ülkemizde bazı çalışmalar yapılmış ve bazı çalışmalarda devam etmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalarda

tarımsal atıklardan elde edilen yonga veya lifler tek başlarına ya da bazı odun yonga ve lifleri ile belirli oranlarda

karıştırılarak çeşitli yoğunluklarda ve farklı kalınlıklarda paneller üretilmiştir. Yonga veya liflerin

yapıştırılmasında farklı oranlarda çeşitli tutkallar kullanılmıştır. Levhalar farklı pres sıcaklıklarında üretilmiştir.

Sonuç olarak, tarımsal atık esaslı yongalardan ve liflerden üretilen bazı panellerin odun yongalarından ve

liflerinden üretilen panel malzemelere alternatif olabileceği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarımsal atıklar,Lif levha,Yonga levha

References

1. Ahmad, S.H., Bonnia, N.N., Ali, E.S. and Zakaria, S. 2005. Eco-medium density fiberboard hybrid using empty fruith bunch and rubber wood fibre, Appita 531-536
2. Bajwa, D. S. and Chow, P. 2003. Some performance characteristics of aspen-kenaf composite boards, Forest Products Journal 53:30-35
3. Bektaş, İ., Güler, C., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Mengeloğlu, Nacar, Mehmet 2005. The Manufacture of Particleboards using Sunflower Stalks (helianthus annuus l.) And Poplar Wood (populus alba L.), Journal of Composite Materials 39:467-473
4. Fowler, P.A., Hughes, J.M. and Elias, R.M. 2006. Review Biocomposites: technology, environmental credentials and market forces, J Sci Food Agric 86:1781–1789
5. Ganapathy, P.M. 1997, Sources of Non Wood Fibre for Paper, Board and Panels Production: Status, Trends and Prospects for India, Working Paper No: APFSOS/WP/10, Asia Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study, Bangalore
6. Grigoriou, A.H. 2000. Straw-wood composites bonded with various adhesive systems, Wood Science and Technology 34:355-365
7. Güler C., Bektas, İ. and Kalaycıoglu H. 2006. The experimental particleboard manufacture from sunflower stalks (Helianthus annuus L.) and Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Forest Prod. J. 56:56-60
8. Güler, C. and Ozen, R. 2004. Some properties of particleboards made from cotton stalks (Gossypium hirsitum L.), Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 62:40-43

9. Halvarsson, S., Norgren, M. and Edlund, H. 2005. processing of wheat straw materials for production of medium density fiberboard (MDF), Appita 623-629
10. Han, J.S. 1998. Properties of Nonwood Fibers, In: Proceedings of The Korean Society of Wood Science and Technology Annual Meeting, Korea, pp. 3–12
11. Hurter, R.W. and Eng, P. 2001. Nonwood plant fiber characteristics, Hurter Consult Inc.
12. Lee, S., Shupe, T. F. and Hse, C. Y. 2006. Mechanical and physical properties of agro-based fiberboard. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. 64:74-79.
13. Maloney, T.M. 1996. The family of wood composite materials, Forest Prod. J. 46:19-26
14. Ndazi, B., Tesha, J. V. and Bisanda, E. T. N. 2006. Some opportunities and challenges of producing biocomposites from non-wood residues, J Mater Sci 41:6984–6990
15. Ntalos, G. A. and Grigoriou, A. H. 2002. Characterization and utilisation of vine prunings as a wood substitute for particleboard production. Industrial Crops and Products 16 (2002) 59–68.
16. Nugroho, N. and Ando, N. 2000. Development of structural composite products made from bamboo I:fundamental properties of bamboo zephyr board, J. Wood Science, 46:68-74
17. Olesen, P.O. and Plackett, D.V. 1999. Perspectives on the performance of natural plant fibres. Proceedings of the Natural Fibres Performance Forum. May 27-28, 1999, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 1-7
18. Papadopoulos, A.N. and Hague, J.R.B. 2003. The potential for using flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) shiv as a lignocellulosic raw material for particleboard, Industrial Crops and Products 17:143/147
19. Papadopoulos, A., Traboulay, J. and Hill, C.A.S. 2002. One layer experimental particleboard from coconut chips (Cocos nucifera L.), Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 60:394-396.
20. Sellers, T., Miller, G.D., Fuller, M.J., Broder, J.G. and Loper, R.R. 1995. Lignocellulosic-Based Composites Made of Core from Kenaf, an Annual Agricultural Crop, IUFRO XX World Congress Proceedings
21. Ye, X.P., Julson, J., Kuo, M., Womac, A. and Myers, D. 2007. Properties of medium density fiberboards made from renewable biomass, Bioresource Technology 98:1077–1084
22. Xu J., Widyorini R, Yamauchi H. and Kawai, S. 2006. Development of binderless fiberboard from kenaf core, J. Wood Science, 52:236-243
23. Xu J., Sugawara, R., Widyorini, R., Han G. and Kawai, S. 2004. Manufacture and properties of low-density binderless particleboard from kenaf core, J. Wood Science, 50:62-67
24. Wu, Q. 2001. Comparative properties of bagasse particleboard. Pages 277-284 in Mei C., Zhou X., Sun D., Zheng Y., Xu X. eds. Proc. Symposium on Utilization of Agricultural and Forestry Residues, October 31-November 3. Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
25. Youngquist, J.A. 1999. Wood-based composites and panel products, In: Wood handbook, wood as an engineering material, FPL-GTR 113, Madison WI
26. Youngquist, J.A., English, B.E., Scharmer, R.C., Chow, P. and Shook, S.R. 1994. Literature Review on Use of Nonwood Plant Fibers for Building Materials and Panels, United States Department of Agriculture Forest service Forest Products Laboratory General Technical Report FPL-GTR-80