Screw Driving Torques in Wood Polymer Composite Compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride-grafted Polypropylene

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of screw driving torques in wood-polymer composite (WPC) compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP). To meet this objective, pine wood flour, polypropylene with coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene) were compounded in a twin screw extruder. The process of screw driving had two main torques, one of which was the seating torque defined as the torque required to clamp parts and other one was the stripping torque defined as the maximum torque right before screw strips in the material and the torque drops suddenly because of the formed screw threads being stripped in wood-based composites. However, there is no such a study about the screw driving torques in WPC compatibilized with MAPP. Therefore, the characteristics of screw driving torques was investigated in this material. Results indicated a good margin between seating and stripping torques when driving screws in the face of WPC compatibilized with MAPP.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Seating torque,stripping torque

References

1. ASTM D 1037-12 (2012). Standard test methods for evaluating properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials. American Society for Testing and materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. ASTM D 618-13 (2013). Standard practice for conditioning plastics for testing Annual book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
3. Bahr, W (1994). Analysis of seating and fracturing torque of bicortical screws. J Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 52(5), 487-488.
4. Bazant, P., Munster, L., Machovsky, M., Sedlak, J., Pastorek, M., Kozakova, Z., Kurita, I. (2014). Wood flour modified by hierarchical Ag/ZnO as potential filler for wood–plastic composites with enhanced surface antibacterial performance. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 179-187.
5. Boulanger, K. A. (2009). Statistical and experimental analysis of a torque model for self-tapping screws. A major qualifying project report submitted to the faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of science.
6. Bütün, F. Y., Mayer, A. K., Ostendorf, K., Gröne, O. E. Z., Krause, K. C., Schöpper, C., Mertens, O., Krause, A., Mai, C. (2018). Recovering fibres from fibreboards for wood polymer composites production. International Wood Products Journal, 9(2), 42-49.
7. Carroll, M. N. (1970). Relationship between driving torque and screw-holding strength in particleboard and plywood. Forest Prod Journal, 20(3), 24-29.
8. Eckelman, C. A. (1990). Fasteners and their use in particleboard and medium density fiberboard. National Particleboard Association, Purdue University

9. Hill, C., Norton, A., Kutnar, A. (2015). Environmental impacts of wood composites and legislative obligations. Wood Composites. 309-332.
10. Hu, L., Tackett, B., Tor, O., Zhang, J. (2016). Analysis of sitting forces on stationary chairs for daily activities. Ergonomics, 59(4), 1-38.
11. ISO 6789-2 (2017). Assembly tools for screws and nuts - Hand torque tools - Part 2: Requirements for calibration and determination of measurement uncertainty. ICS 25.140.30 Hand-operated tools. Geneva, Switzerland
12. Kuang, F., Xing, Y., Wu, Z., Zhang, J. (2017). Characteristics of screwdriving torques in wood-plastic composites. Wood and Fiber Science, 49(2), 206-218.
13. La Mantia, F. P., Scaffaro, R., Morreale, M., Lo Re G. (2008). Effect of the processing on the properties of biopolymer based composites filled with wood flour. International Journal of Material Forming, 1, 759-762.
14. La Mantia F., Morreale, M. (2011). Green composites: a brief review. Composite Part A, 42, 579-588.
15. Li, M., Zhou, X., Wu, Z., Zhang, J. (2018). Cushion stiffness of upholstered wooden seat foundations when subjected to human sitting forces. BioResources, 13(3), 6542-6554
16. Ratanawilai, T., Taneerat, K. (2018). Alternative polymeric matrices for wood-plastic composites: Effects on mechanical properties and resistance to natural weathering. Construction and Building Materials, 172, 349-357.
17. Robert, A. M. (2012). Plastic part design for injection molding: an introduction. Hanser Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio. 381-384
18. SAS Institute INC (1999). SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 8. Cary, NC
19. Sercer, M., Raos, P., Rujnic-Sokele, M. (2009). Processing of wood-thermoplastic composites. International Journal of Material Forming, 1, 759-762.
20. Tor, O., Yu, X., Zhang, J. (2015). Characteristics of torques for driving screws into wood-based composites. Wood and Fiber Science, 47(1), 2-16.
21. Tor, O., Demirel, S., Hu, L., Zhang, J. (2016). Effects of driving torques on direct screw withdrawal resistance in OSB. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 16(2): 438-446
22. Vimalanathan, P., Venkateshwaran, N., Santhanam, V. (2016). Mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal analysis of Shorea robusta-dispersed polyester composite. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 21(4), 314-326.
23. Yu, X., Tor, O., Quin, F., Seale, D., Zhang, J. (2015). Screw-driving torques in particleboards. Wood and Fiber Science 47(2),17-30
24. Zhang, Y., Kou, R., Lv, S., Zhu, L., Tan, H., Gu, J., Cao, J. (2015). Effect of mesh number of wood powder and ratio of raw materials on properties of composite material of Starch/Wood Powder. BioResources 10(3), 5356-5368.