Change of Chlorophyll Content Depending on Different Pretreatment and Elevation in Oriental Hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) Seedlings

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the Carpinus orientelis seedlings, which grown from seeds that some pre-treatments are applied before sowing and are obtained from different elevations, depending on the elevation and pretreatment. The amount of chlorophyll in the plant can show very sensitive responses to various environmental factors, especially site conditions and plant species. Within the scope of the study, it was used 1+0 year old seedlings, which grown from seeds that twelve pre-treatments were applied before sowing and were obtained from three elevations (0-400 m, 400-800 m, 800-1,200 m). Chlorophyll values of seedlings were measured with portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502, Osaka, Japan). As a result of the study, the significant differences was found between chlorophyll content depending on the pretreatments, while it was found that there was no significant difference between chlorophyll values depending on the altitude. The chlorophyll values of the seedlings grown from the seeds treated with citric acid is higher in general.

Keywords

• Chlorophyll
• Minolta
• Leaf
• SPAD

Doğu Gürgeni (Carpinus Orientalis Mill.) Fidanlarında Farklı Önişlem ve Yükseltiye Bağlı Olarak Klorofil İçeriğinin Değişimi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada farklı yükseltilerden elde edilen ve ekim öncesi bazı önişlemlerin uygulandığı tohumlardan yetiştirilen Carpinus orientalis Mill fidanlarına ait yapraklarda, yükselti ve önişlemlere bağlı olarak klorofil içeriklerindeki değişimlerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bitkilerdeki klorofil miktarı yetişme yeri koşulları ve bitki türü başta olmak üzere çeşitli çevresel faktörlere karşı oldukça hassas tepkiler gösterebilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Carpinus orientelis’in doğal yayılış alanı içerisindeki Trabzon-Maçka havzasının üç farklı yükseltisinden (0-400 m, 400-800 m, 800-1.200 m) toplanan ve 12 farklı ön işleme tabi tutularak ekimi gerçekleştirilen doğu gürgeni tohumlarından yetiştirilmiş 1+0 yaşındaki fidanlar kullanılmıştır. Fidanların klorofil içeriği taşınabilir klorofil ölçer (Minolta SPAD-502, Osaka, Japonya) ile ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda önişlemlerin klorofil değerleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<0,01) bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yükseltiye bağlı olarak ise klorofil değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan ölçümler sonucunda genel itibariyle sitrik asit ile muamele edilen tohumlardan yetişen fidanların klorofil miktarlarının daha fazla olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur.

Keywords

• Klorofil
• Minolta
• Yaprak
• SPAD

References

1. Anşin, R., Özkan, C.Ö. (2006). Tohumlu Bitkiler (Spermatophytha) Odunsu Taksonlar, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 167, Fakülte Yayın No: 19, Trabzon.
2. Aragon, G., Martínez, I., García, A. (2012). Loss of epiphytic diversity along a latitudinal gradient in southern Europe. Sci. Total Environ, 426, 188-195.
3. Atar, F., Güney, D., Hatipoğlu, E., Turna, İ. (2013). Determination of chlorophyll content hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) seedlings obtained from seed of different altitudes, International Caucasian Forestry Symposium, 147-151, 24-26 October 2013, Artvin.
4. Atar, F., Turna, İ. (2018). Fruit and seedling diversity among sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations in Turkey, Sumarski List, 11-12, 611-619.
5. Atar, F., Bayraktar, A., Yıldırım, N., Turna, İ., Güney, D. (2020). Fruit and seed diversity of Smilax excelsa in the Black Sea Region, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Forestry Research, 7, 1-8.
6. Bobrov, E.G. (1970). Carpinus L., In Flora of the U.S.S.R., Keter Press, Jerusalem, Israel, ed. N. Landau, 5, 202-207.
7. Browicz, G. (1982). Chronology of Trees and Shrubs in South-west Asia and Adjacent Regions. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa-Poland, 172 pages.
8. Cetin, M. (2017). Change in amount of chlorophyll in some ınterior ornamental plants. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 3(1), 11-19.

9. Cetin, M., Sevik, H. (2016). Measuring the ımpact of selected plants on ındoor CO2 concentrations. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 25(3), 973-979.
10. Cetin, M., Topay, M., Kaya, L.G., Yılmaz, B. (2010). Efficiency of bioclimatic comfort in landscape planning process: case of Kutahya. Suleyman Demirel University, Journal of Forest Faculty Serial A: 83-95.
11. Çolak, D. (2012). Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.), Anadolu Karaçamı (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) ve Toros Sedirinde (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Don Stresi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, Türkiye.
12. Demirci, A. (2006). Silvikültürün Temel İlkeleri, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Ders Notları Serisi No: 83, Trabzon.
13. Demirel, K., Genç, L., Çamoğlu, G., Aşık, Ş. (2010). Assessment of water stress using chlorophyll readings and leaf water content for watermelon. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 7(3), 155-162.
14. Fallahchai, M.M., Özel, H.B., Payam, H. (2013). The comparison of the natural stands quantitative characteristics in managed and non-managed areas in caspian sea coastal forests. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 1-10.
15. Gianoli, E., Valladares, F. (2010). Global change and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 1206, 35-55.
16. Gond, V., DePury, D.G.G., Veroustraete, F., Ceulemans, R. (2012). Seasonal variations in leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll, and water content; scaling-up to estimate fAPAR and carbon balance in a multilayer, multispecies temperate forest. Tree Physiology, 19, 673-679.
17. Guerin, G.R., Wen, H.X., Lowe, A.J. (2012). Leaf morphology shifts linked to climate change. Biol. Lett. 8, 882-886.
18. Güney, D., Atar, F., Turna, İ., (2016a). Adi Gürgen (Carpinus betulus L.)’nin Süs Bitkisi Olarak Değerlendirilmesi, VI. Süs Bitkileri Kongresi, 73, 19-22 Nisan, Antalya.
19. Güney, D., Turna, H., Turna, İ., Kulaç, Ş., Atar, F., Filiz E. (2016b). Variations within and among populations depending on some leaf characteristics of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 9, 1-9.
20. Herrera, C.M., Bazaga, P. (2013). Epigenetic correlates of plant phenotypic plasticity: DNA methylation differs between prickly and nonprickly leaves in heterophyllous Ilex aquifolium (Aquifoliaceae) trees. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 171: 441-452.
21. Hora, B. (1981). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Trees of the World, Oxford Unviersity Press, Oxford, U.K., 288 pages.
22. Kaya, L.G., Çetin, M., Doygun, H. (2015). A holistic approach in analyzing the landscape potential: Porsuk Dam Lake and its environs. Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18(8), 1525-1533.
23. Knudson, L.L., Tibbitts, T.W., Edward, G.E. (1977). Measurement of ozone injury by determination of chlorophyll concentration, Plant Physiology. 60, 606-608.
24. Krüssmann, G. (1984). Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees and Shrubs, Vol. 1, A-D, Timber Press, Inc, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A., 448 pages.
25. Kulaç, Ş. (2010). Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) tohumlarında ve fidanlarında orijinlere bağlı olarak su stresinin morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklere üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, Türkiye.
26. Leingartner, A., Hoiss, B., Krauss, J., Dewenter, I.S. (2014). Combined effects of extreme climatic events and elevation on nutritional quality and herbivory of alpine plants. PloS one 9(4), e93881.
27. Lepeduš, H., Cesar, V., Suver, M. (2003). The annual changes of choloroplast pigments content in current-and previous-year needles of norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) exposed to cement dust pollution. Acta Botanica Croatica, 62(1), 27-35.
28. Matesanz, S., Gianoli, E., Valladares, F. (2010). Global change and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1206, 35-55.
29. Miner, B.G., Sultan, S.E., Morgan, S.G., Padilla, D.K., Relyea, R.A. (2005). Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity. Trends. Ecol. Evol., 20, 685-692.
30. Nascimbene, J., Marini, L. (2015). Epiphytic lichen diversity along elevational gradients: biological traits reveal a complex response to water and energy. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 1222-1232.
31. Onckelen H.A.V, Caubergs, R., Greef, J.A.D (1977). Effect of light treatment and endogenous growth hormones on α-and β-amylase activities in cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L., Plant and Cell Physiology, 18(5), 1029–1040.
32. Özel, HB., Ertekin, M. (2012). The change of stand structure in Uludağ fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana Mattf.) forests along an altitudinal gradient. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 12(3), 96-104.
33. Perks, M.P., Osborne, B.A., Mitchell, D.T. (2004). Rapid predictions of cold tolerance in douglas-fir seedlings using chlorophyll fluorescence after freezing, New Forests, 28(1), 49-62.
34. Pinfield, N.J., Stobart, A.K. (1972). Hormonal regulation of germination and early seedling development in Acer pseudoplatanus (L.). Planta, 104, 134–145.
35. Pipinis, E., Milios, E., Kiamos, N., Mavrokordopoulou, O., Simiris, P. (2012). Effect of stratification and pre-treatment with gibberellic acid on seed germination of two Carpinus species, Seed Science and Technology, 40, 21-31.
36. Rose, R., Haase, D. (2002). Chlorophyll fluorescence and variations in tissue cold hardiness in response to freezing stress in Douglas-Fir seedlings. New Forests, 23(2), 81-96.
37. Ryc, M., Lewak, S. (1982). Hormone ınteractions in the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in dormant and stratified apple embryos, Z. Pjlanzenphysiol. Bd., 107, 15-24.
38. Shafiei, A.B, Akbarinia, M., Jalali, G., Hosseini, M. (2010). Forest fire effects in beech dominated mountain forest of Iran. Forest Ecology and Management, 259, 2191-2196.
39. Shen, H.H., Tang, Y.H., Muraoka, H., Washitani, I. (2008). Characteristics of leaf photosynthesis and simulated individual carbon budget in Primula nutans under contrasting light and temperature conditions. J. Plant Res., 121, 191-200.
40. Soares, L.H., Neto, D.D., Fagan, E.B., Teixeira, W.F., dos Reis, M.R., Reichardt, K. (2016). Soybean seed treatment with micronutrients, hormones and amino acids on physiological characteristics of plants. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(35), 3314-3319.
41. Taner, S., Sade, B. (2005). Low temperature effect of cereal (A review). Journal of Crop Research, 2, 19-28.
42. Tepe, Ş., Ellialtıoğlu, Ş., Yenice, N., Tıpırdamaz, R. (2002). Obtaining poliploid Mint (Mentha longifolia L.) plants with in vitro colchicine treatment. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 63-69.
43. Turna İ. (2017). Kent Ormancılığı (Kentsel Yeşil Alanlar), Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon.
44. Yaltırık, F. (1982). Flora of Turkey and Aest Eagen Island, Universty Press, Edinburgh., Ed. P.H. Davis, 7, 684.