Orman Yolu Güzergahlarının Belirlenmesinde Farklı Tekniklerle Üretilmiş Sayısal Arazi Modellerinin Kullanılması Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Doğal yaşam alanlarındaki mühendislik çalışmaları, olabildiğince doğru veriler gerektirir. Ormanların ekolojik, ekonomik ve estetik koşulları üzerindeki doğrudan veya dolaylı etkilerini optimize etmek veya azaltmak için, çok boyutlu analizler ve mevcut verilerin kullanılmasıyla desteklenen güncel teknolojik önlemlere ihtiyaç vardır. Ormanlarda yol ağlarının yapımı sırasında ve sonrasında habitatlarda geri dönüşü olmayan sonuçlar gözlemlenebilir. Bu etkiler bozulma, kayıp ve parçalanma olmak üzere üç ana başlıkta toplanabilir. Orman üzerinde karşılaşılabilecek olumsuzlukların azaltılması için kuşkusuz teknolojiden yararlanmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi (K.S.Ü) Araştırma ve Geliştirme Ormanı sınırları içerisinde yol ağı planlamasında kullanılabilecek üç teknikle üretilmiş SAM (sayısal arazi modeli)’nin kazı-dolgu ve yol güzergâhı tespitinde durumları karşılaştırılmıştır. Değerlendirilen veriler, 1/25000 ölçekli topoğrafik harita, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) ve RTK-GPS (Real Time Kinematic-Global Position System) tabanlı verilerdir. Üç teknikle üretilen SAM’lar kullanılarak, ArcGIS ortamında en düşük maliyetli güzergâh analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre 1/25000 ölçekli topoğrafik harita kaynaklı üretilen veri setine göre elde edilen toplam kazı 50,04 m3 olarak hesaplanmış ve dolgu miktarı 23,46 m3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. SRTM tabanlı yöntemde elde edilen toplam kazı 38,58 m3 ve dolgu miktarı 34,37 m3’tür. RTK-GPS yöntemine göre toplam kazı ve dolgu miktarı 89,95 m3 ve 27,23 m3’tür. Toplam 991,57 m uzunluğa sahip örnek yolda, maksimum kazı miktarı RTK-GPS> SRTM> 1/25000 ölçekli topoğrafik harita tabanlı olarak belirlenirken, toplam dolgu hacmi miktarları sırasıyla SRTM> 1/25000 ölçekli topoğrafik harita> RTK-GPS olarak belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Orman yolları
• Ölçme
• DEM
• Topoğrafik haritası
• SRTM
• RTK-GPS

A Study on Using Digital Terrain Models Produced by Different Techniques in Determining Forest Road Routes

Abstract

Engineering research on natural habitats requires as accurate data as possible. In order to optimize or reduce the direct or indirect impact on the ecological, economic and aesthetic conditions of the forest, the latest technological measures, supported by multi-dimensional analysis and the use of available data, are required. During and after the construction of road networks in forest, irreversible results can be observed in habitats. These effects can be summarized into the three main concepts of degradation, loss and fragmentation. There is no doubt that technology must be used to reduce possible negative effects on forest. In the study, three different DTMs (digital terrain models), which can be used in road network planning within the boundaries of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University (K.S.U) Research and Development Forest, was compared according to the effectiveness of these DTMs in excavation-embankment and determining the road route. The evaluated data sets were 1/25000 scaled topographic map-based, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)-based and RTK-GPS (Real-Time Kinematic - Global Position System)-based data. The least cost route analysis was performed in the GIS ArcGIS 10.1 software environment, using DTMs produced with the three techniques. The results indicated that the total amount of excavation obtained in the method based on the contour map was calculated as 50.04 m3 and the amount of embankment as 23.46 m3. The total excavation obtained in the SRTM-based method was 38.58 m3 and the amount of embankment was 34.37 m3. According to the RTK-GPS method, the total amount of excavation and embankment was 89.95 m3 and 27.23 m3, respectively. On the sample road with a total length of 991.57 m, the maximum excavation amount was determined as RTK-GPS> SRTM> 1/25000 scaled topographic map based method DTM, while the total embankment amounts were determined as SRTM> 1/25000 scaled topographic map> RTK-GPS based method. 

Keywords

• Forest roads
• Surveying
• DEM
• Topographic map
• SRTM
• RTK-GPS

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