Orman Karıncalarının (Formica rufa grup) Mikroeklembacaklı Komünite Yapısına Etkisi

Öz

Kuzey yarım kürede yaygın olarak bulunan orman karıncaları (Formica rufa grubu) ibre, dal, ağaç kabuğu, reçine ve otsu türler kullanarak toprak üzerinde tepecik halinde yuva yaparlar. Yuva yapımında kullanılan organik madde, yuva etrafındaki toprakların özelliklerini değiştirir. Ayrıca orman karıncaları yiyecek arama faaliyetleriyle de yuva etrafındaki toprakların özelliklerini ve diğer canlıları etkilerler. Orman karıncalarının, mikroeklembacaklılar üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için yürütülen bu çalışma, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Araştırma Ormanında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karaçam (Pinus nigra) ormanında seçilen dört adet benzer hacimdeki (0,54±0,05 m3) kırmızı orman karıncası yuvasının yanından (0,5 m) ve 10 m uzağından çelik silindirler ile mikroeklembacaklılar örneklenmiştir. Teşhisleri ve sayımları yapılan mikroeklembacaklıların komünite yapıları ve çeşitlilik indeks değerlerine tekrarlı ölçümlerde varyans analizi ile uygulanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak mikroeklembacaklıların miktarı ile farklı beslenme seviyelerindeki (çürükçül, yırtıcı ve otçul) canlıların miktarları yuvadan uzaklaştıkça artmıştır. Bununla birlikte karınca yuvalarının mikroeklembacaklı çeşitliliğini düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Formica rufa
• collembola
• akar
• yırtıcı
• çürükçül

Effect of Wood Ants (Formica rufa group) on Community Structure of Microarthropod

Abstract

Wood ants (Formica rufa group) are mostly found across the northern hemisphere, they generally use needle, branch, bark, resin, and herbaceous species to construct the nest as a mound on the soil. The organic matter which is used in nest construction changes the properties of the soils adjacent to the nest. They also affect soil properties and other fauna around the nest through foraging activities. This study, conducted to determine the effects of wood ants on microarthropods, was carried out in Çankırı Karatekin University Research Forest, Çankırı-Turkey. Microarthropods were sampled with steel core from the adjacent (0.5 m) and 10 m away from the four similar volumes (0.54 ± 0.05 m3) of the wood ant nests selected in the black pine (Pinus nigra) forest. The community structures and diversity index values of the microarthropods, which were identified and counted, were evaluated by repeated measurements with ANOVA. As a result, the density of microarthropods and the number of organisms at different trophic levels (detritivore, predator, and herbivorous) increased 10 m away from the nest. Additionally, it has been determined that wood ant nests decrease of the diversity of microarthropods.

Keywords

• Formica rufa
• collembola
• acari
• predator
• detritivore

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