A Review on the Relationships Between Marchalina hellenica Genn. and the Chemical Contents of its Hosts in Pine Honey Production

Abstract

Turkey is the leader in world pine honey production. The essence of pine honey is Marchalina hellenica, which are hosted pine trees. After sucking the sap of the host tree and receiving the nutrients it requires, the insect secretes the remainder rectally. This secretion, called honeydew, is then collected by bees and converted into pine honey. Coniferous trees can have an attracting or deterrenting effect for insects with some extractives they contain. There are some studies in the literature on the determination of such a relationship between Marchalina hellenica and its hosts. In this study, the relationship of Marchalina hellenica with the extractives of coniferous trees was examined and similar situations in Muğla forests were evaluated comparatively with the literature.

Keywords

• Marchalina hellenica
• pine
• pine honey
• extractives

Çam Balı Üretiminde Basra Böceği (Marchalina hellenica Genn.) ile Konukçu Ağaçların Kimyasal İçeriği Arasındaki İlişkiler Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Türkiye dünya çam balı üretiminde lider konumdadır. Çam balının özünü ise, çam ağaçlarına konuk olan basra böceği (Marchalina hellenica Genn.) oluşturmaktadır. Basra böceği konuk olduğu ağacın bitki özsuyu ile beslenmekte, ihtiyacı olan besini aldıktan sonra geri kalan kısmını ise rektal yolla dışarı bırakmaktadır. ‘Bal özü’ adı verilen bu salgı, daha sonra arılar tarafından toplanarak bala dönüştürülmektedir. Elde edilen bu salgı balı ise ‘çam balı’ olarak adlandırılmaktadır. İbreli ağaçlar içerdikleri bazı ekstraktif maddeler nedeniyle böcekler için cezbedici ya da uzaklaştırıcı etkiye sahip olabilmektedir. Basra böceği ile konukçuları arasında böyle bir ilişkinin belirlenmesi üzerine literatürde bazı çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, basra böceğinin konuk olduğu ibreli ağaçların ekstraktif maddeleri olan ilişkisi incelenmiş ve literatür bilgileriyle Muğla ormanlarındaki benzer durumlar karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Basra böceği
• çam
• çam balı
• ekstraktif madde

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