Biyokütle Kullanımının Enerji, Çevre, Sağlık ve Ekonomi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 148 - 160, 01.06.2017

Eser Sözen , Gökhan Gündüz , Deniz Aydemir , Ersin Güngör

Abstract

Dünyadaki
nüfus artışına bağlı olarak ürün ve hizmetlerin sayısında ve kalitesinde de
artışlar görülmektedir. Bu artışlarla birlikte enerjiye duyulan ihtiyaç da
fazlalaşmıştır. Birçok ülkenin kısa ve uzun vadede enerji politikaları
uygulaması ve farklı enerji kaynaklarına yatırım yapması akademik ve ticari
alanlara da ivme kazandırmıştır. Enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılan kömür, petrol
ve doğalgazın belirli alanlarda bulunması, nükleer, hidroelektrik ve yenilenebilir
enerji kaynaklarına yönelimi arttırmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları
içinde yer alan biyokütle, geniş bir ürün yelpazesine sahiptir. Odunsu
materyaller ve endüstriyel atıkların yanında servis ömrünü tamamlamış ahşap
bazlı ürün ve yapılar da önemli biyokütle kaynaklarıdır. Bu kaynakların pelet
veya kömüre dönüştürülmesi veya doğrudan yakılması, çevreye ve insan sağlığına
zararlı gazların salınımı sorununu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Enerji kaynağı olarak
kullanılacak biyoyakıtın kimyasal içeriği ve işlem görmüş olması bu gazların
çeşitliliği ve miktarında etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, biyoyakıtların enerji
kaynağı olarak kullanılması ve ekonomiye katkıları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, yakılması
sonucu ortaya çıkan duman ve gazların çevre ve sağlık açısından
değerlendirilmesi yapılarak bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalar için literatür
oluşturulmuştur.

Keywords

Biyokütle, Biyoyakıt, Uçucu organik bileşikler, Duman analizi

Evaluation of Biomass Use In Terms of Energy, Environment, Health and Economy

Abstract

There is also an increase in the number and quality of
products and services depend on population growth in the world. These
increases, naturally, have further increased the importance of energy. The
implementations of energy policies in the short and long term of many countries
and investment in different energy sources have accelerated academic and
commercial areas. Coal, petroleum and natural gas having in certain areas have
increased orientation to nuclear, hydroelectric and renewable energy sources. Biomass
which is renewable energy sources has a wide range of products. Wooden
materials and industrial wastes, wood-based products and constructions that
have completed their service life are also important biomass resources. The
conversion of these sources into pellets or coal mines or direct burning bring
about the problem of the release of harmful gases to the environment and human
health. The chemical content and processing of biofuel which is used as an
energy source have affected diversity and quantity of these gases. In this
study, the use of biofuels as a source of energy and its contribution to the
economy was examined. In addition, contribution has been made to the literature
in this area by evaluating the smoke and gases arising as a result of burning
biofuels in terms of health and environment.

Keywords

Biomass, Biofuels, Volatile organic compounds, Smoke analysis

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