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Farklı Kurutma Yöntemlerinin Kekik (Thymus sipyleus Boiss. var. sipyleus) Uçucu Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 210 - 215, 16.08.2018

Abstract

Kurutma işlemi aromatik bitkiler için önemli bir uygulama olup, bitki
materyali ve kurutma yöntemine göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada
limoni kekik olarak bilinen Thymus
sipyleus
Boiss.var.sipyleus yaprakları
4 farklı kurutma yöntemi ( Açık havada, mikrodalga, donduruculu kurutucu, 50-70
oC’de fırında) ile kurutulmuştur. Uçucu bileşenler eşzamanlı
destilasyon-ekstraksiyon (SDE) yöntemiyle ekstrakte edilmiştir. Citronellol,
1,8-cineol, camphor camphene ve myrcene bütün örneklerde en önemli bileşikler olarak
bulunmuştur. Taze yaprakta % 17,9 olan citronellol miktarı kurutma işlemi ile %
22,7’ye yükselmiştir. Thymol oranı ise farklı kurutma yöntemlerinde % 0,35-3,80
arasında değişmektedir. Kurutma işlemi monoterpen hidrokarbon oranını
düşürmüştür (%3-5). Fakat, bu grubun alkol formu ise artmıştır (%1-6). Açık
havada kurutma veya 50oC’de fırında kurutma bu tür için en uygun yöntemdir.

References

  • An. K.. D. Zhao. Z. Wang. J. Wu. Y. Xu and G. Xiao. (2016). Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): Changes in volatiles. chemical profile. antioxidant properties and microstructure. Food Chemistry 197: 1292-1300.
  • Asekun. O.T.. Grierson. D.S. and Afolayan A.J. (2007). Effects of drying methods on the quality and quantity of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia L.subsp.Capensis. Food Chemistry 101:995-998.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Kürkcüoglu. M. and Tümen. G. (1992-a). Composition of the Essential Oil of Thymus longicaulis C.Presl.var.subisophyluus (Borbas) Jalas from Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research 3:311-312.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Kirimer. N. Özek. T. Kürkcüoglu. M. and Tümen. G. (1992-b). Essential Oil of Thymus leucostomus var.argillacells. Journal of Essential Oil Research 4:421-422.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Kirimer. N. Özek. T. Kürkcüoglu. M. and Tümen. G. (1992-c). Essential Oil of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. var. pectinatus. Journal of Essential Oil Research 5:523-524.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Özek. T. Kirimer. N. and Tümen. G. (1993-a). The occurrence of Three Chemotypes of Thymus longicaulis C.Presl.subsp.longicaulis in the same population. Journal of Essential Oil Research 3:291-295.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. T. Özek. N. Kirimer and H. Malyer. (1993-b). The essential oil of Thymus bornmuelleri Velen. Journal of Essential Oil Research 6.691-692.
  • Baser. K.H.C. and Koyuncu. M. (1994). Composition of the essential oils of two varieties of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl.subsp.chaubardii (Boiss.et Heldr.ex Reichb.fil.) Jalas. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2:207-209.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Kürkcüoglu. M.. Özek. T.(1995). Essential oil of Thymus sipyleus Boiss.subsp.sipyleus var. sipyleus. J.Essential Oil Research 7:411-413.
  • Calĭn-Sánchez. A.. Lech. K. Szumny.A. Figiel. A. and Carbonell-Barachina. A.A. (2012). Volatile composition of sweet basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by drying method. Food Research International 48:217-225.
  • Calĭn-Sánchez. A.. Figiel. A. Lech. K. Szumny. A. and Carbonell-Barachina. A.A. (2013). Effect of Drying Methods on the composition of Thyme (Tyhmus vulgaris L.) Essential oil. Drying Technology. 31: 224-235.
  • Calĭn-Sánchez. A.. Figiel. A. Lech. A.K. Szumny.A. Martínez-Tomé. J. and Carbonell-Barachina. A.A. (2015). Drying methods affect the aroma of Origanum majorano L. analyzed by GC-MS and descriptive sensory analysis. Industrial Crops and Products. 74:218-227.
  • Davis. P. H. (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol.7). Edinburgh University Press.
  • Díaz-Maroto. M.C.. Pérez-Coello. M.S. Viñas Gonzalez. M.A. and Cabezudo Dolores M. (2003). Influence of drying on the flavor quality of spearmint (Mentha spicate L.) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51(5):1265-1269.
  • Kara N.. Baydar. H. Kayalap. Ö. Boyar. S. Bayhan A.K. (2014). Effects of drying in sun and shade on the essential oil content and composition of Hyssop. Suleyman Demirel University. Journal of Natural and Applied Science 18(1).:85-90.
  • Mujumdar. A. S. and C. L. Law. (2010). Drying Technology: Trends and Applications in Postharvest Processing. Food Bioprocess Technol 3:843-852.
  • Mashkani. D.R.M.. Larijani. K. Badi. H.N.(2018). Changes in the essential oil content and composition of Thymus daenensis Celak. Under different drying methods. Industrial Crops&Products 112:389-395.
  • Nouasri. A.. Dob. T. Toumi. M. Dahmane. D. Krimat. S. Lamari L.and Chelgoume. C. (2015). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Thymus lanceolatus Desf.. an endemic thyme from Algeria. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 18(5):1246-1252.
  • Ozgen. U.. Mavi. A. Terzi. Z. Kazaz. C. Aşci. A. Kaya. Y.and Kaya. H. (2011). Relationship between chemical structure and antioxidant activity of luteolin and its glycosides isolated from Thymus sipyleus subsp. sipyleus var. sipyleus. Rec. Nat. Prod. 5(1):12-21.
  • Polat. Z.A.. Tepe. B. and Vural. A. (2007). In vitro effectiveness of Thymus sipyleus subsp. Sipyleus var. sipyleus on Acanthamoeba castellanii and its cytotoxic potential on corneal cells. Parasitol Res. 101:1551–1555.
  • Rahimmalek. M. and Goli. S. A. H. (2013). Evaluation of six drying treatments with respect to essential oil yield. composition and color characteristics of Thymys daenensis subsp. daenesis.Celak leaves. Industrial Crops and Products. 42:613-619.
  • Saeidi. K.. Ghafari. Z. and Rostami. S. (2016). Effect of drying methods on essential oil content and composition of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. TEOP. 19(2):391-396.
  • Sefidkon. F.. Abbasi. K. Khaniki B.G.(2006). Influence of drying and extraction methods on the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Satureja hortensis. Food Chemistry. 99:19-23.
  • Szumny. A.. Figiel. A. Gutierrez-Ortiz. A. and Carbonell-Barrachina. A.A (2010). Composition of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) as affected by drying method. Journal of Food Engineering. 97:253-260.
  • Topal. U.. Sasaki. M. Goto. M.and Otles. S. (2008). Chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of essential oils from nine species of Turkish plants obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 59(7-8): 619-634.
  • Tümen. G.. Koyuncu. M. Kirimer. N. and Baser. K.H.C. (1994). Composition of the essential oil of Thymus cilicicus Boiss.& Bal. Journal of Essential Oil Research 3(1):97-98.
  • Tümen. G.. Kirimer. N.. Koyuncu. M.. and Baser. K.H.C.(1995). Composition of the essential oils of Thymus Species growing in Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 31(1):42-47.
  • Venskutonis. P.R. (1997). Effect of drying on the volatile constituents of tyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Food Chemistry 59(2):219-227.
  • Venskutonis. P.R.. Poll. L.. Larsen. M. (1996). Influence of Drying and Irradiation on the Composition of Volatile Compounds of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Flavour and Franges Journal 11:123-128.
  • Yasar. S.. Disli. M. and Sonkaya. Y. (2016). Comparison of volatile components of Thymus zygioides Griseb. var. lycaonicus (Celak.) Ronniger due to reaping time. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 17(2).:94-98.
  • Yılmaz. G.. Telci. I.. Kandemir. N.. Kaya. N. (2004). Essential oil contents and compositions of Thymus ipyleus growing wild in Central Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 16(2):841-847.

Effect of Drying Methods on the Composition Volatile of Compounds of Thyme (Thymus sipyleus Boiss. var. sipyleus)

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 210 - 215, 16.08.2018

Abstract

Drying is an important application for aromatic
plants and showed variations regard to plant material and drying methods. In
this study, aerial parts of Thymus
sipyleus
Boiss.var.sipyleus were
dried with four different drying methods (Air-dried, Microwave, Freeze-drying,
oven drying at 50-70 oC.) and extracted with Simultaneous
Distillation-Extraction (SDE) to determine the volatile compounds. Citronellol,
1,8-cineol, camphor camphene and myrcene were found to be the dominant
compounds in all samples. The amount of citronellol increased with drying to
22,7% where this amount was 17,9% in the fresh samples. Thymol was ranging
between 0,35-3,80% with different drying methods. Drying procedure decreases
(3-5%) the amount of monoterpene hydrocarbons. However, alcohol forms of these
compounds were increased (1-6%). Air-drying and 50 oC oven-drying
can be suitable methods for drying of this species.

References

  • An. K.. D. Zhao. Z. Wang. J. Wu. Y. Xu and G. Xiao. (2016). Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): Changes in volatiles. chemical profile. antioxidant properties and microstructure. Food Chemistry 197: 1292-1300.
  • Asekun. O.T.. Grierson. D.S. and Afolayan A.J. (2007). Effects of drying methods on the quality and quantity of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia L.subsp.Capensis. Food Chemistry 101:995-998.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Kürkcüoglu. M. and Tümen. G. (1992-a). Composition of the Essential Oil of Thymus longicaulis C.Presl.var.subisophyluus (Borbas) Jalas from Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research 3:311-312.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Kirimer. N. Özek. T. Kürkcüoglu. M. and Tümen. G. (1992-b). Essential Oil of Thymus leucostomus var.argillacells. Journal of Essential Oil Research 4:421-422.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Kirimer. N. Özek. T. Kürkcüoglu. M. and Tümen. G. (1992-c). Essential Oil of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. var. pectinatus. Journal of Essential Oil Research 5:523-524.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Özek. T. Kirimer. N. and Tümen. G. (1993-a). The occurrence of Three Chemotypes of Thymus longicaulis C.Presl.subsp.longicaulis in the same population. Journal of Essential Oil Research 3:291-295.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. T. Özek. N. Kirimer and H. Malyer. (1993-b). The essential oil of Thymus bornmuelleri Velen. Journal of Essential Oil Research 6.691-692.
  • Baser. K.H.C. and Koyuncu. M. (1994). Composition of the essential oils of two varieties of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl.subsp.chaubardii (Boiss.et Heldr.ex Reichb.fil.) Jalas. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2:207-209.
  • Baser. K.H.C.. Kürkcüoglu. M.. Özek. T.(1995). Essential oil of Thymus sipyleus Boiss.subsp.sipyleus var. sipyleus. J.Essential Oil Research 7:411-413.
  • Calĭn-Sánchez. A.. Lech. K. Szumny.A. Figiel. A. and Carbonell-Barachina. A.A. (2012). Volatile composition of sweet basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by drying method. Food Research International 48:217-225.
  • Calĭn-Sánchez. A.. Figiel. A. Lech. K. Szumny. A. and Carbonell-Barachina. A.A. (2013). Effect of Drying Methods on the composition of Thyme (Tyhmus vulgaris L.) Essential oil. Drying Technology. 31: 224-235.
  • Calĭn-Sánchez. A.. Figiel. A. Lech. A.K. Szumny.A. Martínez-Tomé. J. and Carbonell-Barachina. A.A. (2015). Drying methods affect the aroma of Origanum majorano L. analyzed by GC-MS and descriptive sensory analysis. Industrial Crops and Products. 74:218-227.
  • Davis. P. H. (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol.7). Edinburgh University Press.
  • Díaz-Maroto. M.C.. Pérez-Coello. M.S. Viñas Gonzalez. M.A. and Cabezudo Dolores M. (2003). Influence of drying on the flavor quality of spearmint (Mentha spicate L.) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51(5):1265-1269.
  • Kara N.. Baydar. H. Kayalap. Ö. Boyar. S. Bayhan A.K. (2014). Effects of drying in sun and shade on the essential oil content and composition of Hyssop. Suleyman Demirel University. Journal of Natural and Applied Science 18(1).:85-90.
  • Mujumdar. A. S. and C. L. Law. (2010). Drying Technology: Trends and Applications in Postharvest Processing. Food Bioprocess Technol 3:843-852.
  • Mashkani. D.R.M.. Larijani. K. Badi. H.N.(2018). Changes in the essential oil content and composition of Thymus daenensis Celak. Under different drying methods. Industrial Crops&Products 112:389-395.
  • Nouasri. A.. Dob. T. Toumi. M. Dahmane. D. Krimat. S. Lamari L.and Chelgoume. C. (2015). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Thymus lanceolatus Desf.. an endemic thyme from Algeria. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 18(5):1246-1252.
  • Ozgen. U.. Mavi. A. Terzi. Z. Kazaz. C. Aşci. A. Kaya. Y.and Kaya. H. (2011). Relationship between chemical structure and antioxidant activity of luteolin and its glycosides isolated from Thymus sipyleus subsp. sipyleus var. sipyleus. Rec. Nat. Prod. 5(1):12-21.
  • Polat. Z.A.. Tepe. B. and Vural. A. (2007). In vitro effectiveness of Thymus sipyleus subsp. Sipyleus var. sipyleus on Acanthamoeba castellanii and its cytotoxic potential on corneal cells. Parasitol Res. 101:1551–1555.
  • Rahimmalek. M. and Goli. S. A. H. (2013). Evaluation of six drying treatments with respect to essential oil yield. composition and color characteristics of Thymys daenensis subsp. daenesis.Celak leaves. Industrial Crops and Products. 42:613-619.
  • Saeidi. K.. Ghafari. Z. and Rostami. S. (2016). Effect of drying methods on essential oil content and composition of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. TEOP. 19(2):391-396.
  • Sefidkon. F.. Abbasi. K. Khaniki B.G.(2006). Influence of drying and extraction methods on the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Satureja hortensis. Food Chemistry. 99:19-23.
  • Szumny. A.. Figiel. A. Gutierrez-Ortiz. A. and Carbonell-Barrachina. A.A (2010). Composition of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) as affected by drying method. Journal of Food Engineering. 97:253-260.
  • Topal. U.. Sasaki. M. Goto. M.and Otles. S. (2008). Chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of essential oils from nine species of Turkish plants obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 59(7-8): 619-634.
  • Tümen. G.. Koyuncu. M. Kirimer. N. and Baser. K.H.C. (1994). Composition of the essential oil of Thymus cilicicus Boiss.& Bal. Journal of Essential Oil Research 3(1):97-98.
  • Tümen. G.. Kirimer. N.. Koyuncu. M.. and Baser. K.H.C.(1995). Composition of the essential oils of Thymus Species growing in Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 31(1):42-47.
  • Venskutonis. P.R. (1997). Effect of drying on the volatile constituents of tyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Food Chemistry 59(2):219-227.
  • Venskutonis. P.R.. Poll. L.. Larsen. M. (1996). Influence of Drying and Irradiation on the Composition of Volatile Compounds of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Flavour and Franges Journal 11:123-128.
  • Yasar. S.. Disli. M. and Sonkaya. Y. (2016). Comparison of volatile components of Thymus zygioides Griseb. var. lycaonicus (Celak.) Ronniger due to reaping time. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 17(2).:94-98.
  • Yılmaz. G.. Telci. I.. Kandemir. N.. Kaya. N. (2004). Essential oil contents and compositions of Thymus ipyleus growing wild in Central Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 16(2):841-847.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Biomaterial Engineering, Bio-based Materials, Wood Science
Authors

Ayben Kılıç Pekgözlü

Kerem Özcan This is me

Publication Date August 16, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 20 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kılıç Pekgözlü, A., & Özcan, K. (2018). Effect of Drying Methods on the Composition Volatile of Compounds of Thyme (Thymus sipyleus Boiss. var. sipyleus). Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 210-215.


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