Bozkır-Orman Geçiş Kuşağındaki Çalı Türlerinin Toprak Biyoçeşitliliğine Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 583 - 589, 15.12.2018

Meriç Çakır Mert Tanı Tuğba Tunç

Abstract

Bitki örtüsünü, çalı ve otsu türlerin oluşturduğu kurak ekosistemlerde
toprak canlılarının aktiviteleri birçok önemli ekosistem süreçlerinin
oluşmasına neden olur. Kurak alanlarda özellikle yamalar halinde bulunan bitki
örtüsü altında, çalı türlerinin altında ve biyolojik toprak kabuğunda
mikroeklembacaklı çeşitliliği bitki örtüsüne sahip olmayan alanlara kıyasla
daha fazla bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada meşe (Quercus pubescens Willd.) ve badem (Amygdalus orientalis Mill.) çalılarının toprak
mikroeklembacaklılarının miktar ve çeşitliliği üzerindeki etkilerinin
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için 5 adet meşe kolektifi ve 5 adet badem
çalısı belirlenmiş ayrıca 5 adet çalı türlerinin olmadığı kontrol alanı
örneklenmiştir. Mikroeklembacaklıların araziden örneklenmesi için bozulmamış
toprak örnekleri 5 cm çapında ve 5 cm yüksekliğindeki çelik silindirler
kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak mikroeklembacaklıların miktarları zamansal ve
mekânsal değişiklikler göstermiştir. Collembola ve Acarina taksonları
mikroeklembacaklıların meşe alanında % 97, badem alanında % 93, kontrol
alanında ise % 97’sini oluşturmaktadır. En yüksek toplam canlı miktarı 31179
bry.m-2 ile meşe kolektifi altında bulunmuştur. Badem ve kontrol alanlarında bulunan
toplam mikroeklembacaklıların miktarı meşe alanına kıyasla sırası ile % 75 ve %
69 daha azdır. Toprak nemi ve pH’sı yarı kurak bozkır orman geçiş kuşağındaki
mikroeklembacaklıların miktar ve dağılımlarındaki en önemli faktördür.

Keywords

Collembola, Akari, ekoton, eklembacaklı, meşe, badem

The Effect of Shrubs Species on Soil Biodiversity in Steppe-Forest Transition Zone

Abstract

In the arid ecosystems formed by vegetation,
shrub and herbaceous species, the activities of the soil fauna lead to the
formation of many important ecosystem processes. In arid areas, diversity of
microarthropods are more abundant especially under patchy vegetation, under
shrub species, and in biological soil crust by comparison to the non-plant
covered area. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) and almond (Amygdalus orientalis Mill.) shrub
species on abundance and diversity of soil microarthropods. For this purpose, 5
oaks and 5 almond shrubs were selected and 5 control areas without shrub
species were sampled. Microarthropods were collected by a soil core (5 cm
diameter, 5 cm length) from each subplot. The abundance of microarthropods
showed temporal and spatial changes. Collembola and Acarina taxa are composed
of 97 % in oak, 93 % in almond and 97% in the control area. The highest total
abundance was found in 31,179 inv.m-2 in oak. The total number of
microarthropods in almond and control areas is 75 % and 69 % less than that of
the oak respectively. The soil humidity and pH were the most important factor
determining distribution, abundance, and survival of soil microarthropods in
this semi-arid Steppe-Forest Transition Zone.

Keywords

Collembola, Acari, ecotone, arthropod, oak, almond

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