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Alkali İşlem Görmüş Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) Saplarından Üretilen Yongalevhaların Kimyasal, Fiziksel Ve Mekanik Özellikleri

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 758 - 770, 15.12.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, ayçiçeği sapı yongalarının %1-5 sodyum hidroksit
ile muamelenin kimyasal bileşim üzerindeki etkileri ve kimyasal bileşenlerdeki
değişimlerin üretilen yongalevhaların fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine
etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Gaz kromatografik analiz ve Fourier dönüşümlü
kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi sonuçları uygulanan sodyum hydroksit derişimi
arttıkça yongalardaki ekstraktif madde, hemiselüloz ve lignin miktarlarının
azaldığını, selüloz miktarının ise arttığı göstermiştir. Termogravimetrik
analiz (TGA), alkali uygulamaların yongaların termal stabilitesini azalttığını
göstermiştir. Su alma (WA) ve kalınlığına şişme (TS) analizi, alkali işlemlerin
üretilen yonga levhaların su geçirmezliğini azalttığını ortaya koymuştur.
Elastikiyet modülü (MOE), eğilme direnci (MOR) ve yüzeye dik çekme direnci (IB)
kullanılarak, üretilen yonga levhaların mekanik özellikleri değerlendirilmiş ve
sadece %1 sodyum hidroksit ile muamele görmüş yongalardan üretilen levhaların,
TS-EN 312 standardına göre kuru şartlarda genel amaçlı kullanılan levhalar için
beklenilen değerleri karşıladığı görülmüştür.

References

  • ASTM D1103 (1980). Standard test method for alpha-cellulose in wood. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, USA.
  • Bascetincelik A, Ozturk HH, Karaca C, Kacira M, Ekinci K, Kaya D, Baban A, Gunes K, Komitti N, Barnes I, Nieminen M (2005). Türkiye’de Tarımsal Atıkların Degerlendirilmesi Rehberi (in Turkish). LIFE 03 TCY/ TR /000061-Progress Report, Adana, Turkey.
  • Bodîrlău R, Teacă CA, Spiridon I (2007). Thermal investigation upon various composite materials. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 52 (1-2): 153-158.
  • Browning BL (1967). Methods of Wood Chemistry [Vol. II]. New York, USA: Wiley-Interscience Publishers.
  • Cao B, Tschirner U, Ramaswamy S, Webb A (1997). A rapid modified gas chromatographic method for carbohydrate analysis of wood pulps. TAPPI Journal, 80 (9): 193-197.
  • Carvalho KCC, Mulinari DR, Voorwald HJC, Cioffi MOH (2010). Chemical modification effect on the mechanical properties of hips/coconut fiber composites. BioResources, 5 (2): 1143-1155.
  • Dill I, Salnikow J, Kraepelin G (1984). Hydroxyproline-rich protein material in wood and lignin of Fagus sylvatica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 48 (6): 1259-1261.
  • Fengel D, Wegener G (1984). Wood Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions. Berlin, Germany:Walter de Gruyter Verlag.
  • Ghalehno MD, Nazerian M, Bayatkashkooli A (2011). Influence of utilization of bagasse in surface layer on bending strength of three-layer particleboard. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 69 (4):533–535.
  • Guntekin E, Karakus B (2008). Feasibility of using eggplant (Solanum melongena) stalks in the production of experimental particleboard. Industrial Crops and Products, 27 (3): 354-358.
  • Gwon JG, Lee SY, Chun SJ, Doh GH, Kim JH (2010). Effects of chemical treatments of hybrid fillers on the physical and thermal properties of wood plastic composites. Composites: Part A, 41 (10): 1491–1497.
  • Joseleau JP, Imai T, Kuroda K, Ruel K (2004). Detection in situ and characterization of lignin in the G-layer of tension wood fibres of Populus deltoids. Planta, 219 (2): 338-345.
  • Khazaeian A, Ashori A, Dizaj MY (2015). Suitability of sorghum stalk fibers for production of particleboard. Carbohydrate polymers, 120, 15-21.
  • Khristova P, Yossifov N, Gabir S (1996). Particle board from sunflower stalks: preliminary trials. Bioresource technology, 58 (3): 319-321.
  • Kwon JH, Ayrilmis N, Han TH (2013). Enhancement of flexural properties and dimensional stability of rice husk particleboard using wood strands in face layers. Composites Part B: Engineering, 44 (1): 728-732.
  • Li GY, Huang AM, Qin TF, Huang LH (2010). FTIR studies of masson pine wood decayed by brown-rot fungi. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 30 (8): 2133–2136.
  • Lopattananon N, Payae Y, Seadan M (2008). Influence of fiber modification on interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber-epoxy Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 110 (1): 433-443.
  • Luna ML, Murace MA, Robledo GL, Saparrat MCN (2012). Characterization of Schinopsis haenkeana wood decayed by Phellinus chaquensis (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales). IAWA Journal, 33 (1): 91–104.
  • Mahato K, Goswami S, Ambarkar A (2014). Morphology and mechanical properties of sisal fibre/vinyl ester composites. Fibers and Polymers, 15 (6): 1310-1320.
  • Martins MA, Joekes I (2003). Tire rubber–sisal composites: Effect of mercerization and acetylation on reinforcement. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89 (9): 2507-2515.
  • McGrath TE, Chan WG, Hajaligol MR (2003). Low temperature mechanism for the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of cellulose. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 66 (1-2): 51-70.
  • Meszaros E, Jakab E, Varhegyi G (2007). TG/MS, Py-GC/MS and THMGC/ MS study of the composition and thermal behavior of extractive components of Robinia pseudoacacia. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 79 (1): 61-70.
  • Mukherjee A, Ganguly PK, Sur D (1993). Structural mechanics of jute: The effects of hemicellulose or lignin removal. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 84 (3): 348-353.
  • Nasser RA (2012). Physical and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboard manufactured from the tree pruning of seven wood species. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19 (5): 741-753.
  • Ndazi BS, Karlsson S, Tesha JV, Nyahumwa CW (2007a). Chemical and physical modifications of rice husks for use as composite panels. Composites Part A, 38 (3): 925-935.
  • Ndazi BS, Nyahumwa C, Tesha J (2007b). Chemical and thermal stability of rice husks against alkali treatment. BioResources, 3 (4): 1267-1277.
  • Nemli G, Yildiz S, Gezer ED (2008). The potential for using the needle litter of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a raw material for particleboard manufacturing. Bioresource Technology, 99 (14): 6054–6058.
  • Nemli G, Yildiz S, Gezer E. D. (2008). The potential for using the needle litter of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a raw material for particleboard manufacturing. Bioresource Technology, 99(14), 6054–6058.
  • Oh YS, Yoo JY (2011). Properties of particleboard made from chili pepper stalks. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 23 (4): 473–477.
  • Raghavendra SN, Rastogi NK, Raghavarao KSMS, Tharanathan RN (2004). Dietary fiber from coconut residue: Effects of different treatments and particle size on the hydration properties. European Food Research and Technology, 218 (6): 563-567.
  • Rajulu AV, Rao GB, Rao BRP, Reddy AMS, He J, Zhang J (2002). Properties of ligno-cellulose fiber hildegadia. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 84 (12): 2216-2221.
  • Sinha E, Rout SK (2009). Influence of fibre-surface treatment on structural, thermal and mechanical properties of jute fibre and its composite. Bulletin of Materials Science, 32 (1): 65-76.
  • Tabarsa T, Jahanshahi S, Ashori A (2011). Mechanical and physical properties of wheat straw boards bonded with a tannin modified phenol–formaldehyde adhesive. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42 (2): 176-180.
  • Thurner F, Mann U (1981). Kinetic investigation of wood pyrolysis. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 20 (3): 482-488.
  • Troedec ML, Sedan D, Peyratout C, Bonnet JP, Smith A, Guinebretiere R, Gloaguen V, Krausz P (2008). Influence of various chemical treatments on the composition and structure of hemp fibres. Composites Part A, 39 (3): 514-522.
  • TS-EN 310 (1999). Wood based panels-determination of modulus elasticity in bending and of bending strength. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
  • TS-EN 312 (2012). Particleboards-specifications-part 2: Requirements for general purpose boards for use in dry conditions. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
  • TS-EN 317 (1999). Particleboards and fibreboards-determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
  • TS-EN 319 (1999). Particleboards and fibreboards-determination of tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Var AA, Yıldız UC, Kalaycioglu H (2002). Effects of various timber preserve on mechanical properties of particleboard. SDU Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 1 (1): 19-38 .
  • Winandy JE, Krzysik AM (2007). Thermal degradation of wood fibers during hot-pressing of MDF composites. Part I, Relative effects and benefits of thermal exposure. Wood and fiber science, 39 (3): 450-461.
  • Yasar S, Guller B, Baydar H (2010a). Studies on carbohydrate, lignin contents and some fiber properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) stalks. SDU Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 1 (1): 56-66.
  • Yasar S, Guntekin E, Cengiz M, Tanriverdi H (2010b). The correlation of chemical characteristics and UF-resin ratios to physical and mechanical properties of particleboard manufactured from vine prunings. Scientific Research and Essays, 5 (8): 737-741.
  • Yasar S, Icel B (2016). Alkali Modification of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Stalks and its Effect on Properties of Produced Particleboards. BioResources, 11 (3): 7191-7204.
  • Zaidon A, Norhairul Nizam AM, Mohd Nor MY, Abood F, Paridah MT, Nor Yuziah MY, Jalaluddin H (2007). Properties of particleboard made from pretreated particles of rubberwood, EFB and rubberwood-EFB blend. Journal of Applied Science, 7 (8): 1145-1151.

Chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of particleboards manufactured from NaOH-treated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stalks

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 758 - 770, 15.12.2019

Abstract

In the present study, the effects of 1 to 5% sodium
hydroxide treatments of sunflower stalk particles on the chemical composition
and the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards were evaluated.
Proximate analysis, gas chromatographic determination, and FTIR spectroscopic
identification showed that the lignin, hemicellulose, and extractive contents
of particles were reduced by alkali treatment, while cellulose contents were
raised. Alkali treatments decreased the thermal stability of the particles
according to TGA. Water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) analysis
showed that alkali treatments also reduced the water resistance of the produced
particleboards. Using modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR),
and internal bond (IB) strength analysis, the mechanical properties of produced
particleboards were evaluated. Only the treatment with 1% sodium hydroxide
resulted in excellent mechanical properties of the produced particleboards,
meeting the requirements for general-purpose particleboards used in dry circumstances,
according to the TS-EN 312 standard.

References

  • ASTM D1103 (1980). Standard test method for alpha-cellulose in wood. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, USA.
  • Bascetincelik A, Ozturk HH, Karaca C, Kacira M, Ekinci K, Kaya D, Baban A, Gunes K, Komitti N, Barnes I, Nieminen M (2005). Türkiye’de Tarımsal Atıkların Degerlendirilmesi Rehberi (in Turkish). LIFE 03 TCY/ TR /000061-Progress Report, Adana, Turkey.
  • Bodîrlău R, Teacă CA, Spiridon I (2007). Thermal investigation upon various composite materials. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 52 (1-2): 153-158.
  • Browning BL (1967). Methods of Wood Chemistry [Vol. II]. New York, USA: Wiley-Interscience Publishers.
  • Cao B, Tschirner U, Ramaswamy S, Webb A (1997). A rapid modified gas chromatographic method for carbohydrate analysis of wood pulps. TAPPI Journal, 80 (9): 193-197.
  • Carvalho KCC, Mulinari DR, Voorwald HJC, Cioffi MOH (2010). Chemical modification effect on the mechanical properties of hips/coconut fiber composites. BioResources, 5 (2): 1143-1155.
  • Dill I, Salnikow J, Kraepelin G (1984). Hydroxyproline-rich protein material in wood and lignin of Fagus sylvatica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 48 (6): 1259-1261.
  • Fengel D, Wegener G (1984). Wood Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions. Berlin, Germany:Walter de Gruyter Verlag.
  • Ghalehno MD, Nazerian M, Bayatkashkooli A (2011). Influence of utilization of bagasse in surface layer on bending strength of three-layer particleboard. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 69 (4):533–535.
  • Guntekin E, Karakus B (2008). Feasibility of using eggplant (Solanum melongena) stalks in the production of experimental particleboard. Industrial Crops and Products, 27 (3): 354-358.
  • Gwon JG, Lee SY, Chun SJ, Doh GH, Kim JH (2010). Effects of chemical treatments of hybrid fillers on the physical and thermal properties of wood plastic composites. Composites: Part A, 41 (10): 1491–1497.
  • Joseleau JP, Imai T, Kuroda K, Ruel K (2004). Detection in situ and characterization of lignin in the G-layer of tension wood fibres of Populus deltoids. Planta, 219 (2): 338-345.
  • Khazaeian A, Ashori A, Dizaj MY (2015). Suitability of sorghum stalk fibers for production of particleboard. Carbohydrate polymers, 120, 15-21.
  • Khristova P, Yossifov N, Gabir S (1996). Particle board from sunflower stalks: preliminary trials. Bioresource technology, 58 (3): 319-321.
  • Kwon JH, Ayrilmis N, Han TH (2013). Enhancement of flexural properties and dimensional stability of rice husk particleboard using wood strands in face layers. Composites Part B: Engineering, 44 (1): 728-732.
  • Li GY, Huang AM, Qin TF, Huang LH (2010). FTIR studies of masson pine wood decayed by brown-rot fungi. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 30 (8): 2133–2136.
  • Lopattananon N, Payae Y, Seadan M (2008). Influence of fiber modification on interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber-epoxy Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 110 (1): 433-443.
  • Luna ML, Murace MA, Robledo GL, Saparrat MCN (2012). Characterization of Schinopsis haenkeana wood decayed by Phellinus chaquensis (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales). IAWA Journal, 33 (1): 91–104.
  • Mahato K, Goswami S, Ambarkar A (2014). Morphology and mechanical properties of sisal fibre/vinyl ester composites. Fibers and Polymers, 15 (6): 1310-1320.
  • Martins MA, Joekes I (2003). Tire rubber–sisal composites: Effect of mercerization and acetylation on reinforcement. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89 (9): 2507-2515.
  • McGrath TE, Chan WG, Hajaligol MR (2003). Low temperature mechanism for the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of cellulose. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 66 (1-2): 51-70.
  • Meszaros E, Jakab E, Varhegyi G (2007). TG/MS, Py-GC/MS and THMGC/ MS study of the composition and thermal behavior of extractive components of Robinia pseudoacacia. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 79 (1): 61-70.
  • Mukherjee A, Ganguly PK, Sur D (1993). Structural mechanics of jute: The effects of hemicellulose or lignin removal. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 84 (3): 348-353.
  • Nasser RA (2012). Physical and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboard manufactured from the tree pruning of seven wood species. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19 (5): 741-753.
  • Ndazi BS, Karlsson S, Tesha JV, Nyahumwa CW (2007a). Chemical and physical modifications of rice husks for use as composite panels. Composites Part A, 38 (3): 925-935.
  • Ndazi BS, Nyahumwa C, Tesha J (2007b). Chemical and thermal stability of rice husks against alkali treatment. BioResources, 3 (4): 1267-1277.
  • Nemli G, Yildiz S, Gezer ED (2008). The potential for using the needle litter of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a raw material for particleboard manufacturing. Bioresource Technology, 99 (14): 6054–6058.
  • Nemli G, Yildiz S, Gezer E. D. (2008). The potential for using the needle litter of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a raw material for particleboard manufacturing. Bioresource Technology, 99(14), 6054–6058.
  • Oh YS, Yoo JY (2011). Properties of particleboard made from chili pepper stalks. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 23 (4): 473–477.
  • Raghavendra SN, Rastogi NK, Raghavarao KSMS, Tharanathan RN (2004). Dietary fiber from coconut residue: Effects of different treatments and particle size on the hydration properties. European Food Research and Technology, 218 (6): 563-567.
  • Rajulu AV, Rao GB, Rao BRP, Reddy AMS, He J, Zhang J (2002). Properties of ligno-cellulose fiber hildegadia. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 84 (12): 2216-2221.
  • Sinha E, Rout SK (2009). Influence of fibre-surface treatment on structural, thermal and mechanical properties of jute fibre and its composite. Bulletin of Materials Science, 32 (1): 65-76.
  • Tabarsa T, Jahanshahi S, Ashori A (2011). Mechanical and physical properties of wheat straw boards bonded with a tannin modified phenol–formaldehyde adhesive. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42 (2): 176-180.
  • Thurner F, Mann U (1981). Kinetic investigation of wood pyrolysis. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 20 (3): 482-488.
  • Troedec ML, Sedan D, Peyratout C, Bonnet JP, Smith A, Guinebretiere R, Gloaguen V, Krausz P (2008). Influence of various chemical treatments on the composition and structure of hemp fibres. Composites Part A, 39 (3): 514-522.
  • TS-EN 310 (1999). Wood based panels-determination of modulus elasticity in bending and of bending strength. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
  • TS-EN 312 (2012). Particleboards-specifications-part 2: Requirements for general purpose boards for use in dry conditions. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
  • TS-EN 317 (1999). Particleboards and fibreboards-determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
  • TS-EN 319 (1999). Particleboards and fibreboards-determination of tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Var AA, Yıldız UC, Kalaycioglu H (2002). Effects of various timber preserve on mechanical properties of particleboard. SDU Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 1 (1): 19-38 .
  • Winandy JE, Krzysik AM (2007). Thermal degradation of wood fibers during hot-pressing of MDF composites. Part I, Relative effects and benefits of thermal exposure. Wood and fiber science, 39 (3): 450-461.
  • Yasar S, Guller B, Baydar H (2010a). Studies on carbohydrate, lignin contents and some fiber properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) stalks. SDU Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 1 (1): 56-66.
  • Yasar S, Guntekin E, Cengiz M, Tanriverdi H (2010b). The correlation of chemical characteristics and UF-resin ratios to physical and mechanical properties of particleboard manufactured from vine prunings. Scientific Research and Essays, 5 (8): 737-741.
  • Yasar S, Icel B (2016). Alkali Modification of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Stalks and its Effect on Properties of Produced Particleboards. BioResources, 11 (3): 7191-7204.
  • Zaidon A, Norhairul Nizam AM, Mohd Nor MY, Abood F, Paridah MT, Nor Yuziah MY, Jalaluddin H (2007). Properties of particleboard made from pretreated particles of rubberwood, EFB and rubberwood-EFB blend. Journal of Applied Science, 7 (8): 1145-1151.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biomaterial
Journal Section Biomaterial Engineering, Bio-based Materials, Wood Science
Authors

Gürcan Güler 0000-0001-6205-3851

Publication Date December 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 21 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Güler, G. (2019). Chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of particleboards manufactured from NaOH-treated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stalks. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3), 758-770.


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