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The Effect of Wood Veneer Lamination on the Flexural Strength of the Material Produced with 3D- Printed Material

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 885 - 891, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.963190

Abstract

3D printer technologies, which will cause radical changes in production systems, have become one of the fields on which the most R&D activities are carried out, with a focus on material and end product production, with new developments and falling costs. This study aimed to determine the effect of lamination of wood-added filament and 3D-printed material with wood veneers on bending resistance. For this purpose, 18 interlayer pieces in 10 x 10 x 180 mm sizes were printed using wood-added filament in 3D printer, with 50% fill rate, and these pieces were laminated with linden and beech veneers. Each control group of material taken from the printer was divided into 3 groups, those to be laminated with beech veneer and those to be laminated with linden veneer, and these coatings of 0.5 mm thickness were adhered to the top and bottom of each material using PVAc glue. The laminated materials obtained were subjected to bending test in a universal testing device. As a result of the statistical evaluation of the test result in the SPSS 22 program, it was determined that the lamination process increased the bending strength of the material by 25% with beech veneer and by 20% with linden veneer and it was determined that the flexural strength of the materials laminated with beech veneer was the highest (46.41 MPa).

References

  • Aydin, A. , Kahraman, F., (2018). 3B Baskı teknolojisi kullanılarak hızlı prototipleme yapımı ve nesnelerin üretimi. Academic Perspective Procedia, 1 (1), 419-428.
  • Bhagia, S., Lowden, R. R., Erdman III, D., Rodriguez Jr, M., Haga, B. A., Solano, I. R. M., Ragauskas, A. J. (2020). Tensile properties of 3D-printed wood-filled PLA materials using poplar trees. Applied Materials Today, 21, 100832.
  • Burdurlu, M. Kılıç, A. C. İlce, Uzunkavak, O., (2007). The effects of ply organization and loading direction on bending strength and modulus of elasticity in laminated veneer lumber (LVL) obtained from beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L.). Construction and Building Materials, 21(8), 1720-1725.
  • Chansoda, K., Suwanjamrat, C., Chookaew, W., (2020). Study on processability and mechanical properties of parawood-powder filled PLA for 3D printing material. The ınternational Conference on Materials Research and ınnovation: IOP Conference Series Material Science and Engineering, 773.
  • Christiyan, K. J., Chandrasekhar, U., Venkateswarlu, K. (2016). A study on the influence of process parameters on the Mechanical Properties of 3D printed ABS composite. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 114, No. 1, p. 012109, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Evlen, H., Gülçin, E. R. E. L., Yılmaz, E. (2018). Açık ve kapalı sistemlerde doluluk oranının parça mukavemetine etkisinin incelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 21(3), 651-662.
  • Ferreira, R. T. L., Amatte, I. C., Dutra, T. A., Bürger, D. (2017). Experimental characterization and micrography of 3D printed PLA and PLA reinforced with short carbon fibers. Composites Part B: Engineering, 124, 88-100.
  • Gedik, E., Togay, A. Coşkun, M., Demirhan, E.,(2018). Üç boyutlu baskının mobilya sektöründe ürün tasarımında kullanım imkânlarının araştırılması. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 2(2),16-25.
  • Grabowik, C., Kalinowski, K., Ćwikła, G., Paprocka, I., Kogut, P., (2017). Tensile tests of specimens made of selected group of the filament materials manufactured with FDM method. MATEC Web of Conferences 112 (21st Innovative Manufacturing Engineering & Energy International Conference – IManE&E 2017- May 24-27), Iasi, Romania,
  • Guessasma, S., Belhabib, S., Nouri, H., (2019). Microstructure and mechanical performance of 3D printed wood-PLA/PHA using fused deposition modelling: Effect of printing temperature. Polymers (Basel),11, 1778.
  • He, M., Sun, X., Li, Z., Feng, W., (2020). Bending, shear, and compressive properties of three- and five-layer cross-laminated timber fabricated with black spruce. Journal of Wood Science, 66(38).
  • Kaboli, H. ., Clouston, P. L., (2019). Eastern Hemlock in Bamboo-Reinforced Glulam. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(1).
  • Karaman, A., Yıldırım M.N., (2019). Cam elyaf kumaş ile desteklenmiş ahşap lamine malzemelerde eğilmede elastikiyet modülü. 4. Uluslararası Bilimsel ve Mesleki Çalışmalar Kongresi – Mühendislik. Kasım Ankara.
  • Kaygusuz, B., Özerinç, S., (2018). 3 boyutlu yazıcı ile üretilen PLA bazlı yapıların mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Makina Tasarım ve İmalat Dergisi, 16(1), 1-6.
  • Keskin, H., (2003). Lamine edilmiş Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis Lipsky) odununun bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, A(1), 139–151.
  • 1Li, T., & Wang, L. (2017). Bending behavior of sandwich composite structures with tunable 3D-printed core materials. Composite Structures, 175, 46-57.
  • Liu, L., Lin, M., Xu, Z., Lin, M., (2019). Polylactic acid-based wood-plastic 3D printing composite and
  • Nguyen, H. H., McGavin, R. L., Gilbert, B. P., Bailleres, H., (2019). Key mechanical properties of cross-banded laminated veneer lumbers manufactured from blending spotted gum and hoop pine veneers. BioResources, 14(4), 9117-9131.
  • Osmannezhad, S., Faezipour, M., Ebrahimi, G. (2013). Effects of GFRP on bending strength of glulam made of poplar (Populus deltoids) and beech (Fagus orientalis). Construction and Building Materials, 51, 34-39.
  • Petchwattana, N., Channuan, W., Naknaen, P., Narupai, B., (2019). 3D printing filaments prepared from modified poly(lactic acid)/teak wood flour composites: An investigation on the particle size effects and silane coupling agent compatibilisation. Journal of Physical Science, 30(2), 169-188.
  • Shin, Y. J., Yun, H. J., Lee, E. J., Chung, W. Y., (2018). A study on the development of bamboo/PLA bio-composites for 3D printer filament. Journal of Korean Wood Science Technology, 46 (1),107-113.
  • Somireddy, M., Singh, C. V., Czekanski, A. (2019). Analysis of the material behavior of 3D printed laminates via FFF. Experimental Mechanics, 59(6), 871-881.
  • T. S. E. (2014). TS EN 408 + A1 Ahşap yapılar - Yapı kerestesi ve yapıştırılmış lamine kereste – Bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinin tayini, Türk Standardları Enstitüsü.
  • URL 1 1989: Available: http://www.intechopen.com/books/trends-in-telecommunications-technologies/gps-total-electron-content-tec- prediction-at-ionosphere-layer-over-the-equatorial-region%0AInTec. Yadina Abdullah1, 2 and Mahamod Ismail1 et al., “We are IntechOpen , the world ’ s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists , for scientists TOP 1 %,” Intech, vol. 32, pp. 137–144, 1989, [Online].
  • Wang, X., Wu, Y., Chen, H., Zhou, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, W., (2019). Effect of surface carbonization on mechanical properties of LVL. BioResources, 1411,453-463.
  • Winter et al., (2018). Residual wood polymers facilitate compounding of microfibrillated cellulose with poly(lactic acid) for 3D printer filaments. Philosophical Transactions a of the Royal Society Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences,2112, 376, 2112.
  • Yıldırım, M..N., Karaman, A., (2019). 3d yazıcıda üretilmiş ‘T’ tipi bağlantı elemanlarının mobilya köşe birleştirmelerinde kullanımı. International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT-11-13 Kasım), 169-173, Ankara, Turkiye.
  • Yıldırım, M.N., Doruk, Ş., Karaman, A., (2019). 3d yazıcıda üretilmiş kavela bağlantı elemanının L tipi mobilya köşe birleştirmelerinde kullanımı. International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT-11-13 Kasım), 174-177, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Zondi, M., D., Jarez-Mesa, R., Lluma-Fuentes, J., Roa, J.J., Travieso-Rodriguez, J., A., (2020). Experimental analysis of manufacturing parameters’ effect on the flexural properties of wood-PLA composite parts built through FFF. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 106, 3985–3998.

3D Yazıcı İle Yazdırılmış Malzemede Ahşap Kaplama Laminasyonunun Eğilme Direncine Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 885 - 891, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.963190

Abstract

Üretim sistemlerinde önemli değişimlere neden olacak 3D yazıcı teknolojileri, ortaya çıkan yeni gelişmeler ve düşen maliyetlerle, malzeme ve sonuç ürün üretimi odaklı olarak üzerinde en çok AR-GE faaliyeti yürütülen alanlardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ahşap katkılı filament ile 3D yazıcıda üretilmiş malzemenin, ahşap kaplamalarla laminasyonunun eğilme direncine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 3D yazıcıda ahşap katkılı filament kullanılarak, % 50’lik doluluk oranı ile 10 x 10 x 180 mm boyutlarında 18 adet ara katman parçası yazdırılmış ve bu parçalar ıhlamur ve kayın kaplamalar ile lamine edilmiştir. Yazıcıdan alınmış her bir malzeme kontrol grubu, kayın kaplama ve ıhlamur kaplama ile lamine edilecekler olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmış ve her malzemenin alt ve üst kısmına 0,5 mm kalınlığında olan bu kaplamalar PVAc tutkalı kullanılarak yapıştırılmıştır. Elde edilen lamine malzemeler üniversal test cihazında eğilme testine tabi tutulmuştur. Test sonucunun SPSS 22 programında yapılan istatistiksel değerlendirmesi sonucunda, laminasyon işleminin, eğilme direncini kayın kaplama ile %25 ve ıhlamur kaplama ile %20 arttırdığı, kayın kaplama ile lamine edilmiş malzemelerin eğilme dayanımının en yüksek (46,41 MPa) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Aydin, A. , Kahraman, F., (2018). 3B Baskı teknolojisi kullanılarak hızlı prototipleme yapımı ve nesnelerin üretimi. Academic Perspective Procedia, 1 (1), 419-428.
  • Bhagia, S., Lowden, R. R., Erdman III, D., Rodriguez Jr, M., Haga, B. A., Solano, I. R. M., Ragauskas, A. J. (2020). Tensile properties of 3D-printed wood-filled PLA materials using poplar trees. Applied Materials Today, 21, 100832.
  • Burdurlu, M. Kılıç, A. C. İlce, Uzunkavak, O., (2007). The effects of ply organization and loading direction on bending strength and modulus of elasticity in laminated veneer lumber (LVL) obtained from beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L.). Construction and Building Materials, 21(8), 1720-1725.
  • Chansoda, K., Suwanjamrat, C., Chookaew, W., (2020). Study on processability and mechanical properties of parawood-powder filled PLA for 3D printing material. The ınternational Conference on Materials Research and ınnovation: IOP Conference Series Material Science and Engineering, 773.
  • Christiyan, K. J., Chandrasekhar, U., Venkateswarlu, K. (2016). A study on the influence of process parameters on the Mechanical Properties of 3D printed ABS composite. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 114, No. 1, p. 012109, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Evlen, H., Gülçin, E. R. E. L., Yılmaz, E. (2018). Açık ve kapalı sistemlerde doluluk oranının parça mukavemetine etkisinin incelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 21(3), 651-662.
  • Ferreira, R. T. L., Amatte, I. C., Dutra, T. A., Bürger, D. (2017). Experimental characterization and micrography of 3D printed PLA and PLA reinforced with short carbon fibers. Composites Part B: Engineering, 124, 88-100.
  • Gedik, E., Togay, A. Coşkun, M., Demirhan, E.,(2018). Üç boyutlu baskının mobilya sektöründe ürün tasarımında kullanım imkânlarının araştırılması. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 2(2),16-25.
  • Grabowik, C., Kalinowski, K., Ćwikła, G., Paprocka, I., Kogut, P., (2017). Tensile tests of specimens made of selected group of the filament materials manufactured with FDM method. MATEC Web of Conferences 112 (21st Innovative Manufacturing Engineering & Energy International Conference – IManE&E 2017- May 24-27), Iasi, Romania,
  • Guessasma, S., Belhabib, S., Nouri, H., (2019). Microstructure and mechanical performance of 3D printed wood-PLA/PHA using fused deposition modelling: Effect of printing temperature. Polymers (Basel),11, 1778.
  • He, M., Sun, X., Li, Z., Feng, W., (2020). Bending, shear, and compressive properties of three- and five-layer cross-laminated timber fabricated with black spruce. Journal of Wood Science, 66(38).
  • Kaboli, H. ., Clouston, P. L., (2019). Eastern Hemlock in Bamboo-Reinforced Glulam. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(1).
  • Karaman, A., Yıldırım M.N., (2019). Cam elyaf kumaş ile desteklenmiş ahşap lamine malzemelerde eğilmede elastikiyet modülü. 4. Uluslararası Bilimsel ve Mesleki Çalışmalar Kongresi – Mühendislik. Kasım Ankara.
  • Kaygusuz, B., Özerinç, S., (2018). 3 boyutlu yazıcı ile üretilen PLA bazlı yapıların mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Makina Tasarım ve İmalat Dergisi, 16(1), 1-6.
  • Keskin, H., (2003). Lamine edilmiş Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis Lipsky) odununun bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, A(1), 139–151.
  • 1Li, T., & Wang, L. (2017). Bending behavior of sandwich composite structures with tunable 3D-printed core materials. Composite Structures, 175, 46-57.
  • Liu, L., Lin, M., Xu, Z., Lin, M., (2019). Polylactic acid-based wood-plastic 3D printing composite and
  • Nguyen, H. H., McGavin, R. L., Gilbert, B. P., Bailleres, H., (2019). Key mechanical properties of cross-banded laminated veneer lumbers manufactured from blending spotted gum and hoop pine veneers. BioResources, 14(4), 9117-9131.
  • Osmannezhad, S., Faezipour, M., Ebrahimi, G. (2013). Effects of GFRP on bending strength of glulam made of poplar (Populus deltoids) and beech (Fagus orientalis). Construction and Building Materials, 51, 34-39.
  • Petchwattana, N., Channuan, W., Naknaen, P., Narupai, B., (2019). 3D printing filaments prepared from modified poly(lactic acid)/teak wood flour composites: An investigation on the particle size effects and silane coupling agent compatibilisation. Journal of Physical Science, 30(2), 169-188.
  • Shin, Y. J., Yun, H. J., Lee, E. J., Chung, W. Y., (2018). A study on the development of bamboo/PLA bio-composites for 3D printer filament. Journal of Korean Wood Science Technology, 46 (1),107-113.
  • Somireddy, M., Singh, C. V., Czekanski, A. (2019). Analysis of the material behavior of 3D printed laminates via FFF. Experimental Mechanics, 59(6), 871-881.
  • T. S. E. (2014). TS EN 408 + A1 Ahşap yapılar - Yapı kerestesi ve yapıştırılmış lamine kereste – Bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinin tayini, Türk Standardları Enstitüsü.
  • URL 1 1989: Available: http://www.intechopen.com/books/trends-in-telecommunications-technologies/gps-total-electron-content-tec- prediction-at-ionosphere-layer-over-the-equatorial-region%0AInTec. Yadina Abdullah1, 2 and Mahamod Ismail1 et al., “We are IntechOpen , the world ’ s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists , for scientists TOP 1 %,” Intech, vol. 32, pp. 137–144, 1989, [Online].
  • Wang, X., Wu, Y., Chen, H., Zhou, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, W., (2019). Effect of surface carbonization on mechanical properties of LVL. BioResources, 1411,453-463.
  • Winter et al., (2018). Residual wood polymers facilitate compounding of microfibrillated cellulose with poly(lactic acid) for 3D printer filaments. Philosophical Transactions a of the Royal Society Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences,2112, 376, 2112.
  • Yıldırım, M..N., Karaman, A., (2019). 3d yazıcıda üretilmiş ‘T’ tipi bağlantı elemanlarının mobilya köşe birleştirmelerinde kullanımı. International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT-11-13 Kasım), 169-173, Ankara, Turkiye.
  • Yıldırım, M.N., Doruk, Ş., Karaman, A., (2019). 3d yazıcıda üretilmiş kavela bağlantı elemanının L tipi mobilya köşe birleştirmelerinde kullanımı. International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT-11-13 Kasım), 174-177, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Zondi, M., D., Jarez-Mesa, R., Lluma-Fuentes, J., Roa, J.J., Travieso-Rodriguez, J., A., (2020). Experimental analysis of manufacturing parameters’ effect on the flexural properties of wood-PLA composite parts built through FFF. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 106, 3985–3998.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Biomaterial , Composite and Hybrid Materials
Journal Section Biomaterial Engineering, Bio-based Materials, Wood Science
Authors

Yasemin Öztürk 0000-0003-2292-2447

Erol Burdurlu 0000-0002-1769-3232

Publication Date December 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Öztürk, Y., & Burdurlu, E. (2021). 3D Yazıcı İle Yazdırılmış Malzemede Ahşap Kaplama Laminasyonunun Eğilme Direncine Etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3), 885-891. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.963190


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