KATILIM BANKALARI İÇİN BİR İSLAMİ MİKROFİNANS PROGRAMI ÖRNEĞİ: BANGLADEŞ İSLAM BANKASI KIRSAL KALKINMA PROGRAMI
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 23 - 47, 15.09.2017
Mücahit Özdemir
,
Fatih Savaşan
Öz
Mikrofinans yoksulluğun azaltılmasında önemli araçlardan biridir. 1970’li yıllardan bu yana dünyada farklı organizasyonel modeller altında yoksullara yönelik mikrofinans hizmeti sunulmaktadır. Fakat konvansiyonel mikrofinansta işlemler faiz içerdiği için Müslümanların büyük bir kısmı bu hizmetlerden faydalanamamaktadır. Bu nedenle, faaliyetlerinde İslam’ın yasakladığı faiz ve garar (aşırı belirsizlik) unsurlarını içermeyen İslami mikrofinans kuruluşları tesis edilmiştir. İslami bankaların sosyal sorumluluk noktasında kendilerinden bekleneni yapmadıkları ve konvansiyonel bankalar gibi finansal hizmetlerden yoksulları yüksek risk ve maliyet nedeniyle dışladıkları yaygın olarak belirtilmektedir. Bununla birlikte mikrofinans alanında ilk akla gelen ülkelerden biri olan Bangladeş’te 1983 yılında kurulan Bangladeş İslam Bankası, bünyesinde mikrofinans programı bulunduran sayılı İslami bankalardan biridir. 1995 yılında başlatılan Kırsal Kalkınma Programı ile başarılı bir şekilde yoksulluğun azaltılmasına yönelik mikrofinans programları sürdürülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı iyi uygulama örneği olan Bangladeş İslam Bankası mikrofinans programlarının incelenmesi, tanıtılması ve bu noktada katılım bankaları için alınabilecek dersler, iyi uygulamalar ve tekliflerin sunulmasıdır.
Kaynakça
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- Zeller, Manfred ve Meyer, Richard L. (2002). The Triangle of Microfinance: Financial Sustainability, Outreach, and Impact. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 23 - 47, 15.09.2017
Mücahit Özdemir
,
Fatih Savaşan
Kaynakça
- Ahmed, Habib (2002). “Financing Microenterprises: An Analytical Study of Islamic Microfinance Institutions”. Islamic Economic Studies 9(2): 27–64.
- Ahmed, Habib (2013). “Financial Inclusion and Islamic Finance: Organizational Formats, Products, Outreach, and Sustainability”. Economic Development and Islamic Finance. Ed. Z. Iqbal ve A. Mirakhor. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. 203–229.
- Md, Akhtaruzzaman, Sarker, Abdul Awwal; Moula, Golam; Mily, Nazmun Nahar (2016). Developments of Islamic Banking in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bank.
- ASA. Loan Products, http://www.asa.org.bd/loan-products/, 20.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Armendariz, Beatriz ve Morduch, Jonathan (2010). The Economics of Microfinance. 2nd Edition. London: The MIT Press.
- Asutay, Mehmet (2007). “A Political Economy Approach to Islamic Economics: Systemic Understanding for an Alternative Economic System”. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies 1(2): 3–18.
- BRAC (2015). Brac At a Glance. http://www.brac.net/sites/default/files/ataglance/at a glance - December 2015.pdf, 01.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- CBB (2017). Annual Report 2015-2016. Dhaka: Central Bank of Bangladesh.
- CBB. Exchange Rate of BDT against USD, https://www.bb.org.bd/econdata/exchangerate.php, 15.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Chapra, Muhammad Umer (1991). “The need for a new economic system”. Review of Islamic Economics 1(1): 9–47.
- Credit Suisse Group (2016). Global Wealth Databook 2016. Zurich.
- El-Zoghbi, Mayada ve Kaylene, Alvarez (2015). Understanding Costs and Sustainability of Sharia-Compliant Microfinance Products. Focus Notes. Washington, D.C.: CGAP.
- Feroz, Habib Ehsan ve Goud, Blake (2009). “Grameen La Riba Model: A Strategy for Global Poverty Alleviation”. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance 5(2): 77–100.
- Grameen Bank. Credit Delivery System, http://www.grameen.com/credit-delivery-system/, 20.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Hermes, Niels ve Lensink, Robert (2011). “Microfinance: Its Impact, Outreach, and Sustainability”. World Development 39(6): 875-881.
- Iqbal, Zamir ve Mirakhor, Abbas (2004). “Stakeholders Model of Governance in Islamic Economic System”. Islamic Economic Studies 11(2): 43–63.
- Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (2016). Annul Report 2016, http://www.islamibankbd.com/annual_report/Annual%20Report%202016.pdf, 01.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited. Annual Report 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, http://www.islamibankbd.com/annual_report.php, Yıllık Faaliyet Raporlarına 01.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited. Rural Development Scheme, http://www.islamibankbd.com/rds/, 01.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Ledgerwood, Joanna (1998). Microfinance Handbook: An Institutional and Financial Perspective. 3rd Edition. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications.
- Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA) (2015). NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh. Dhakka.
- Mix Market, Bangladesh Market Overview, http://www.mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Bangladesh, 01.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Otero, Maria (2003). “Savings Mobilization and Microenterprise Programmes”. Microfinance Evolution, Achievements and Challenges Ed: M. Harper. London: ITDG Publishing. 25–36.
- Oxfam (2017). An Economy for the 99%. https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/bp-economy-for-99-percent-160117-en.pdf, 01.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Robinson, Marguerite S. (2001). The Microfinance Revolution Sustainable Finance for the Poor. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications.
- UNDP (2016). Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone. New York: United Nations
- World Bank (2015). A Measured Approach to Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publishing
- World Bank. Rural population (% of total population), http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS, 16.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- World Bank. Bangladesh Data, http://data.worldbank.org/country/bangladesh, 17.06.2017 tarihinde erişildi.
- Zeller, Manfred ve Meyer, Richard L. (2002). The Triangle of Microfinance: Financial Sustainability, Outreach, and Impact. Johns Hopkins University Press.