IRANIAN RELATIONS WITH AZERBAIJAN AND ARMENIA: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH IN THE CASE OF PRAGMATIST POLITICS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 157 - 176, 28.03.2019

Mehmet Emin Erendor , Mehmet Fatih Öztarsu

https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.vi.487167

Cited By: 1

Öz

With the increase of the
importance of the South Caucasus after the collapse of the Soviet Union,
regional and global powers have tried to product new policies to have a
relationship with the counties of the region. The regional countries such as
Russia, Turkey and Iran have more advantageous than other states but the
determination of the policies of these states are different from each other.
For instance, Iran’s approach is based on the pragmatist politics and the
country to try to balance its policies in the region in terms of Armenia and
Azerbaijan. The main aim of this article is to determine the different aspects
of Iranian foreign policy preferences towards Azerbaijan and Armenia in the
context of pragmatism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Pragmatist Politics, Georgia

IRANIAN RELATIONS WITH AZERBAIJAN AND ARMENIA: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH IN THE CASE OF PRAGMATIST POLITICS

Öz

With the increase of the importance of the
South Caucasus after the collapse of the Soviet Union, regional and global
powers have tried to product new policies to have a relationship with the
counties of the region. The regional countries such as Russia, Turkey and Iran
have more advantageous than other states but the determination of the policies
of these states are different from each other. For instance, Iran’s approach is
based on the pragmatist politics and the country to try to balance its policies
in the region in terms of Armenia and Azerbaijan. The main aim of this article
is to determine the different aspects of Iranian foreign policy preferences
towards Azerbaijan and Armenia in the context of pragmatism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İran, Azerbaycan, Armenia, Pragmatist Politics, Nagorno-Karabakh

Kaynakça

• Abilov, S. (2013), Legal Status of the Caspian, Hazar Strategy Institution.
• Abushev, K. (2005), The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict As Part of the 'New' Eurasian Geopolitics”, A.Ü. SBF Dergisi, Volume: 60, Number: 3, p. 22.
• Abrahamyan, E. (2018), Pashinyan Formulates Armenia’s New Iran Strategy, The Jamestown Foundation. Available at: https://jamestown.org/program/pashinyan-formulates armenias-new-iran-strategy/, (Accessed at: 15.10.2018).
• Alarabiya (2018), Exporting Iran’s Revolution: A pleasant euphemism for regional chaos, Available at: http://english.alarabiya.net/en/ views/news/middle-east/2018/03/22/-Exporting-Iran-s-Revolution-A-pleasant-euphemism-for-regional-chaos.html, (Accessed at: 01.10.2018).
• Amineh, M. P. (1999), Towards the Control of Oil Resources in the Caspian Region. Münster: LIT Verlag Münster.
• Avdaliani, E. (2017), Israel and the South Caucasus: Building a New Approach, BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 632, Available at: https://besacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/632-Israel-and-the-South-Caucasus-Avdaliani-final-1.pdf, (Accessed at: 13.10.2018).
• Azernews (2018), “Azerbaijan and Other Countries Testing North-South Transport Corridor”. Available at: https://www.azernews.az/ business/131287.html, (Accessed at: 17.09.2018).
• Clifton, J. M. and Tiessen, C. (2018), Hiding Your Identity: The Case of Talysh, (Eds.: S. Quakenbush and G. F. Simons), Language and Identity in a Multilingual Migrating World, Victoria: Lean Publishing.
• Cornell, S. E. (1997), Undeclared War: The Nagorno- Karabakh Conflict Reconsidered, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. XX, No. 4, p. 13.
• Council of Foreign Relations (2018), The Nagorno-Karabakh Problem, Available at: https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-conflict-tracker#!/conflict/nagorno-karabakh-conflict (Accessed at: 05.10.2018).
• Country Studies (2018), Iran, Available at: http://countrystudies.us/ iran/100.htm, (Accessed at: 03/10/2018)
• Djalili, M. R. (2002), Iran and Caucasus: Maintaining Some Pragmatism, Connections: The Quarterly Journal, 1(3): 49-57.
• Fuller, E. (2013), Azerbaijan’s Foreign Policy and the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, IAI Working Papers, Istituto Affari Internazionali, p. 7.
• Ganeei, H. (2017), Investigating the Role of Creation of Aras Free Zone in the Amount of Social Capitals of Resident Families, International Journal of Philosophy and Social-Psychological Sciences, 3(1), p. 114-122.
• Goble, P. (2014), Who is Behind the New Talysh-Language TV Broadcasts in Azerbaijan?, Eurasia Daily Monitor 11(219). Available at: https://jamestown.org/program/who-is-behind-the-new-talysh-language-tv-broadcasts-in-azerbaijan/, (Accessed at: 14.10.2018).
• Gonabad, R. A., Fayaz, E. and Naderi, A. (2017), Take a Look at the Barriers to Exporting the Islamic Revolution in the Middle East, International Journal of Scientific Study, 5(4), p. 838-848.
• Grieco, J. M. (1988), Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism, International Organization, 42 (3), p. 485-507. Jackson, A. (2017), Azerbaijan and the Iran Crisis: Stuck in the Middle, Caucasus Review, CESRAN, p. 46.
• Khalili, M. (2015), A Comparative Study of Ethnic Identity Among Azerbaijani Speakers in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ritsumeikan Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 34, Available at: http://www.apu.ac.jp/rcaps/ uploads/fckeditor/publications/journal/RJAPS34_14_Khalili.pdf, (Accessed at: 16.10.2018), s. 161-174.
• Lorusso, M. (2016), A Deepening and Widening Conflict: The Nagorno-Karabakh Dispute and the Regional Context, Istituto per gli studi di politica internazionale analysis, No. 299, p. 6.
• Lragir.am. (2018) “Talysh Think-Tank in Iran”. Available at: https://www.lragir.am/en/2012/08/14/27094, (Accessed at: 01.10.2018).
• Mahmudlu, C. and Abilov, S. (2017), The peace-making process in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: why did Iran fail in its mediation effort?, Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 26(1), p. 33-49.
• Mammadov, E. (2016), Iran’s Role in the South Caucasus, The Center for Security and Defense Studies, Available at: http://bhkka.hu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/BHKK_Muhely_Irans-role-in-the-South-Caucasus.pdf, (Accessed at: 07.10.2018).
• Mearsheimer, J. J. (2006), Structural Realism, (Eds.: T. Dunne, M. Kurki, and S. Smith), International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Mehrnews (2018), President Inaugurate Iran-Azerbaijan Gas Swap Project,Available at: https://en.mehrnews.com/news/14432/ Presidents-inaugurate-Iran-Azerbaijan-gas-swap-project,(Accessed at: 04.10.2018).
• Meydan TV (2018), The Talysh People Demand Cultural Autonomy in Azerbaijani, Available at: https://www.meydan.tv/en/site/society/ 22391/, (Accessed at: 14.10.2018).
• Monique, C. and Racimora, W. (2013), The Armenia-Iran Relationship, Strategic Implication for Security in the South Caucasus Region, European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center, Available at: http://www.esisc.org/upload/publications/analyses/the-armenian-iran-relationship/Armenian-Iran%20relationship.pdf, (Accessed at: 08.10.2018).
• Morgenthau, H. J. (2005). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. United States of America: McGraw Hill.
• Ogan, S. (2005), Yeni Global Oyun ve Hazar’ın Statüsü, Turksam, Available at: http://turksam.org/yeni-global-oyun-ve-hazar-in-statusu, (Accessed at: 6.10.2018).
• Pashakhanlou, A. H. (2013), Back to the Drawing Board: A Critique of Offensive Realism, International Relations, 27(2), p. 202-225.
• Paul, A. (2015), Iran’s Policy in the South Caucasus: Between Pragmatism and Realpolitik, In The South Caucasus Between Integration and Fragmentation. Strateji Araştırmaları Merkezi, Available at: http://www.epc.eu/documents/uploads/pub_5598_ the_south_caucasus_-_low_res.pdf?doc_id=1616, (Accessed at: 09.09.2018).
• Payvand Iran News (2018), Armenia Calls for Boosting All-Out Relations with Iran, Available at: http://www.payvand.com/news/09/apr/ 1154.html, (Accessed at: 18.09.2018).
• Ramezanzadeh, A. (1996), Iran's Role as Mediator in the Nagorno-Karabakh Crisis, (Ed.: B. Coppieters), Contested Borders in the Caucasus. Brussels: VUB Press.
• Rose, G. (1998), Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy, World Politics, 51(1), p. 144-172.
• Shaffer, B. (2003). Iran’s Role in the South Caucasus and Caspian Region: Diverging Views of the U.S. and Europe, (Ed.: E. Whitlock), Iran and Its Neighbors: Diverging Views on a Strategic Region, Berlin:SWP.
• Shepard, W. (2017), Watch Out, China: India Is Building A 'New Silk Road Of Its Own, Forbes, Available at: https://www.forbes.com/ sites/wadeshepard/2017/06/28/watch-out-china-india-is-building-a-newsilk-road-of-its-own/#79a60da2a90e, (Accessed at: 12.09.2018).
• Souleimanov, E. and Ditrych, O. (2007), Iran and Azerbaijan: A Contested Neighborhood, Middle East Policy Council, 14(2), Available at: https://www.mepc.org/journal/iran-and-azerbaijan-contested-neighborhood, (Accessed at: 20.09.2018).
• Tehran Times (2008), Iran-Armenia Gas Pipeline Inaugurated, Available at: https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/183993/Iran-Armenia-gas-pipeline-inaugurated, (Accessed at: 15.10.2018).
• (2009), Pipeline Blast Halts Iran Gas Export to Armenia, Available at: http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/207761/Pipeline-blast-halts-Iran-gas-export-to-Armenia, (Accessed at: 15.10.2018).
• The New York Times (1981), Around The World: Khomeini Urges Export of Iranian Revolution, Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/ 1981/10/15/world/around-the-world-khomeini-urges-export-of-iranian-revolution.html, (Accessed at: 03.10.2018).
• The Government of the Republic of Armenia (2017), Prime Minister Attends Launch of Meghri Free Economic Zone, Available at: http://www.gov.am/en/news/item/9242/, (Accessed at: 13.10.2018).
• The World Factbook (2018), Azerbaijan, Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ print_aj.html, (Accessed at: 15.10.2018).
• Therme, C. (2015), The Irano-Armenian Alliance, Centre Européen de Recherches Internationales & Stratégiques, Available at: https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/Iran_alliance_russoarmenienne_Therme.pdf, (Accessed at: 15.09.2018).
• Toft, P. (2005), John J. Mearsheimer: An Offensive Realist Between Geopolitics and Power, Journal of International Relations and Development, 8(4), Available at https://link.springer.com/ article/10.1057/palgrave.jird.1800065, (Accessed at: 12.10.2018). p. 381–408.
• Wall, T. D. (2005), Nagorny-Karabakh Conflict: Origin, Dynamics and Misperceptions, Conciliation Resources. Available at: https://www.cr.org/downloads/Accord17_4TheNagornyKarabakhconflict_2005_ENG_0.pdf, (Accessed at: 12.10.2018).
• Waltz, K. (1979), Theories of International Politics, Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
• Weiss, A. and Zabanova, Y. (2017), The South Caucasus and Iran in the Post-Sanctions Era". Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs. Available at: https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments /2017C24_wis_zbv.pdf, (Accessed at: 11/10/2018).