MERKEZ BANKASI DİJİTAL PARA BİRİMLERİ İLE İLGİLİ UYUŞMAZLIKLARA UYGULANACAK HUKUK

Abstract

Dünyada devletlerin yarısından fazlasının kendi dijital para birimlerini ihraç etmeyi hedeflediği bir ortamda merkez bankaları dijital para birimlerine uygulanacak hukukun belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Merkez bankası tarafından çıkarılan yasal para biriminin dijital bir biçimi olan CBDC'lerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açan nedenlerden biri, sınır ötesi işlemleri kolaylaştırma özelliğidir ki bu aynı zamanda CBDClerin sınır ötesi işlemlerde kullanılmasıyla yabancılık unsurunu da ortaya çıkarır. CBDC'lerin kağıt para gibi fiziksel varlıkları olmadığından ve maddi olmadığından, CBDC'lerle ilgili anlaşmazlıklara uygulanacak hukuk da farklılık gösterir. CBDC ile ilgili mülkiyet uyuşmazlıklarında uygulanabilir hukuk açısından en uygun çözüm, dijital varlığın kendisinde veya kaydedildiği sistemde bir hukuk seçimi yapılmadığı sürece, ihraç edenin yasal merkezinin bulunduğu devletin hukukunun uygulanabilir hukuk olarak belirlenmesidir. Aracılar ile son kullanıcılar arasındaki uyuşmazlıklarda, aralarındaki sözleşmelerde uygulanabilir hukukun belirlenmesi en uygun çözüm olacaktır

Keywords

• Merkez bankası dijital para birimi
• Uygulanacak hukuk
• Yasal ödeme aracı
• İhraç edenin yasal merkezi
• Dijital varlık

THE LAW APPLICABLE TO DISPUTES REGARDING CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCIES

Abstract

In an environment where more than half of the states in the world aim to issue their own digital currencies, it is important to determine the law applicable to central bank digital currencies. One of the reasons that led to the emergence of CBDCs, a digital form of fiat currency issued by the central bank, is their ability to facilitate cross border transactions, which also introduces the element of foreignness when CBDCs are used in cross border transactions. Because CBDCs do not have physical existence like paper money and are intangible, the law applicable to disputes regarding CBDCs also varies. The most appropriate solution in terms of applicable law in CBDC related proprietary disputes is to determine the law of the state where the issuer has its statutory seat as the applicable law, unless a choice of law has been made in the digital asset itself or in the system in which it is recorded. In disputes between intermediaries and end users, the most appropriate solution would be to determine the applicable law in the agreements between them.

Keywords

• Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
• Applicable law
• Legal tender
• Statutory seat of the issuer
• Digital asset

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