Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar

Miray Ege; Mahfuz Elmastaş

EN TR

Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar

Abstract

Viral enfeksiyonlar her yıl milyonlarca kişiyi etkiler ve genel olarak ağır seyreden enfeksiyonlara ve hatta ölümlere sebep olurlar. Yaygın olarak kullanılan antiviral ilaçların genellikle etkinlikleri sınırlıdır ve ciddi yan etkilere sebep olabilirler. Bu nedenle etkili yeni antiviral stratejilere halen çok ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Tıbbi bitkiler eski zamanlardan beri terapötik amaçlar için kullanılmaktadır. Antiviral özellikleri ile doğal bazlı fitoterapi viral hastalıkların tedavisi için uygun bir seçenek olabilir. Genel olarak viral replikasyonun inhibisyonu çoğu zaman doğal ürünlerin antiviral aktivitesi için genel bir mekanizma olarak düşünülse de çalışmalar bazı doğal ürünlerin virülans ile ilişkili anahtar viral proteinlerle etkileşime girebileceğini göstermiştir. Bu anlamda, bazı doğal kaynaklı bileşiklerin kendileri veya bir ana şablon olarak kullanılarak sentezlenen türevleri, daha etkili yeni antiviral ilaç tasarımlarının geliştirilmesine ışık tutabilir. Ayrıca antiviral aktiviteye sahip çok sayıda doğal ürün, bazı epidemilerde genel popülasyonun bağışıklığını arttırmak için kullanılabilecek gıda takviyelerinin de ana bileşenleridir. Antiviral tedavinin zorlukları ve olasılıkları göz önüne alındığında bu çalışma; tıbbi bitkiler ve antiviral aktiviteye sahip olan fitokimyasallar hakkında kanıta dayalı verileri derlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Antiviral,fitoterapötikler,tıbbi bitkiler,fitokimyasallar

Supporting Institution

Bulunmamaktadır.

References

Antonelli, G., & Pistello, M. (2019). Virology: A Scientific Discipline Facing New Challenges. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 25(2), 133-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.003
Armanini, D., Fiore, C., Mattarello, M.J., Bielenberg, J., & Palermo, M. (2002). History of the Endocrine Effects of Licorice. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 110(6), 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-34587
Bachmetov, L., Gal-Tanamy, M., Shapira, A., Vorobeychik, M., Giterman-Galam, T., Sathiyamoorthy, P., … Zemel, R. (2012). Suppression of Hepatitis C Virus by the Flavonoid Quercetin Is Mediated by Inhibition of NS3 Protease Activity. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 19(2), e81-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01507.x
Ben-Shabat, S., Yarmolinsky, L., Porat, D., & Dahan, A. (2020). Antiviral effect of phytochemicals from medicinal plants: Applications and drug delivery strategies. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 10(2), 354-367. https:// doi: 10.1007/s13346-019-00691-6. Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, Foster S. 2000. Herbal Medicine. Expanded Commission E Monographs, American Botanical Council: Austin TX, 233–239.
Chang, J.S., Wang, K.C., Yeh, C.F., Shieh, D.E., & Chiang, L.C. (2013). Fresh Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Has Anti-Viral Activity against Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Human Respiratory Tract Cell Lines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 145(1), 146-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.043
Chen, C.N., Lin, C.P., Huang, K.K., Chen, W.C., Hsieh, H.P., Liang, P.H., & Hsu, J.T. (2005). Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3C-like Protease Activity by Theaflavin-3,3′- Digallate (TF3). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(2), 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh081
Cheng, P.W., Ng, L.T., Chiang, L.C., & Lin, C.C. (2006). Antiviral Effects of Saikosaponins on Human Coronavirus 229E in Vitro. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 33(7), 612-616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04415.x
Chiang, L.C., Chiang, W., Liu, M.C., & Lin, C.C. (2003). In Vitro Antiviral Activities of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima and Its Related Flavonoids. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52(2), 194-198. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg291
Chiow, K.H., Phoon, M.C., Putti, T., Tan, B.K., & Chow, V.T. (2016). Evaluation of Antiviral Activities of Houttuynia Cordata Thunb. Extract, Quercetin, Quercetrin and Cinanserin on Murine Coronavirus and Dengue Virus Infection. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 9(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.12.002
Cinatl, J., Morgenstern, B., Bauer, G., Chandra, P., Rabenau, H., & Doerr, H.W. (2003). Glycyrrhizin, an Active Component of Liquorice Roots, and Replication of SARS-Associated Coronavirus. Lancet, 361(9374), 2045-2046. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13615-X

Dai, W., Bi, J., Li, F., Wang, S., Huang, X., Meng, X., … Su, W. (2019). Antiviral Efficacy of Flavonoids against Enterovirus 71 Infection in Vitro and in Newborn Mice. Viruses, 11(7), pii: E625. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070625
dos Santos, A.E., Kuster, R.M., Yamamoto, K.A., Salles, T.S., Campos, R., de Meneses, M.D., … Ferreira, D. (2014). Quercetin and Quercetin 3-O-Glycosides from Bauhinia Longifolia (Bong.) Steud. Show Anti-Mayaro Virus Activity. Parasites and Vectors, 7, 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-130
Droebner, K., Ehrhardt, C., Poetter, A., Ludwig, S., & Planz, O. (2007). CYSTUS052, a Polyphenol-Rich Plant Extract, Exerts Anti-Influenza Virus Activity in Mice. Antiviral Research, 76(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.04.001
Ehrhardt, C., Hrincius, E.R., Korte, V., Mazur, I., Droebner, K., Poetter, A. … Ludwig, S. (2007). A Polyphenol Rich Plant Extract, CYSTUS052, Exerts Anti Influenza Virus Activity in Cell Culture without Toxic Side Effects or the Tendency to Induce Viral Resistance. Antiviral Research, 76(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.05.002
Fiore, C., Eisenhut, M., Krausse, R., Ragazzi, E., Pellati, D., Armanini, D., & Bielenberg, J. (2008). Antiviral Effects of Glycyrrhiza Species. Phytotherapy Research, 22(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2295
Fiore, C., Eisenhut, M., Ragazzi, E., Zanchin, G., & Armanini, D. (2005). A History of the Therapeutic Use of Liquorice in Europe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 99(3), 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.015
Fredrickson, WR, F and S Group, Inc. Method and Composition for Antiviral Therapy with Olive Leaves. U.S. Patent. 2000; 6: 117:884.
Ganesan, S., Faris, A.N., Comstock, A.T., Wang, Q., Nanua, S., Hershenson, M.B., & Sajjan, U.S. (2012). Quercetin Inhibits Rhinovirus Replication in Vitro and in Vivo. Antiviral Research, 94(3), 258-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.03.005
Glatthaar-Saalmüller, B., Rauchhaus, U., Rode, S., Haunschild, J., & Saalmüller, A. (2011). Antiviral Activity in Vitro of Two Preparations of the Herbal Medicinal Product Sinupret® against Viruses Causing Respiratory Infections. Phytomedicine, 19(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.010
Gonzalez, O., Fontanes, V., Raychaudhuri, S., Loo, R., Loo, J., Arumugaswami, V., … French, S.W. (2009). The Heat Shock Protein Inhibitor Quercetin Attenuates Hepatitis C Virus Production. Hepatology, 50(6), 1756-1764. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23232
Ho, G.T., Ahmed, A., Zou, Y.F., Aslaksen, T., Wangensteen, H., & Barsett, H. (2015). Structure-Activity Relationship of Immunomodulating Pectins from Elderberries. Carbohydrate Polymers, 125, 314-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.057
Hoever, G., Baltina, L., Michaelis, M., Kondratenko, R., Baltina, L., Tolstikov, G.A., … Cinatl, J.Jr. (2005). Antiviral Activity of Glycyrrhizic Acid Derivatives against SARS-Coronavirus. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 48(4), 1256-1259. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0493008
Ibrahim, A.K., Youssef, A.I., Arafa, A.S., & Ahmed, S.A. (2013). Anti-H5N1 Virus Flavonoids from Capparis Sinaica Veill. Natural Product Research, 27(22), 2149-2153. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2013.790027
Islam, M.T., Sarkar, C., El-Kersh, D.M., Jamaddar, S., Uddin, S.J., Shilpi, J.A., & Mubarak, M.S. (2020). Natural products and their derivatives against coronavirus: A review of the non-clinical and pre-clinical data. Phytotherapy Research, https://doi: 10.1002/ptr.6700 [Epub ahead of print]
Ito, T., Suzuki, Y., Mitnaul, L., Vines, A., Kida, H., & Kawaoka, Y. (1997). Receptor Specificity of Influenza A Viruses Correlates with the Agglutination of Erythrocytes from Different Animal Species. Virology, 227(2), 493-499. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1996.8323
Kinoshita, E., Hayashi, K., Katayama, H., Hayashi, T., & Obata, A. (2012). Anti-Influenza Virus Effects of Elderberry Juice and Its Fractions. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 76(9), 1633-1638. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.120112
Lee, M., Son, M., Ryu, E., Shin, Y.S., Kim, J.G., Kang, B.W., … Kang, H. (2015). Quercetin-Induced Apoptosis Prevents EBV Infection. Oncotarget, 6(14), 12603-12624. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.3687
Li, Y.L., Li, K.M., Su, M.X., Leung, K.T., Chen, Y.W., & Zhang, Y.W. (2006). Studies on Antiviral Constituents in Stems and Leaves of Pithecellibium Clypearia. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 31(5), 397-400.
Lin, C.W., Tsai, F.J., Tsai, C.H., Lai, C.C., Wan, L., Ho, T.Y., … Chao, P.D. (2005). Anti-SARS Coronavirus 3C-like Protease Effects of Isatis Indigotica Root and Plant-Derived Phenolic Compounds. Antiviral Research, 68(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.07.002
Ma, S.C., He, Z.D., Deng, X.L., But, P.P., Ooi, V.E., Xu, H.X., … Lee, S.F. (2001). In Vitro Evaluation of Secoiridoid Glucosides from the Fruits of Ligustrum Lucidum as Antiviral Agents. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 49(11), 1471-1473. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.49.1471
Mandenius, C.F., Wang, R., Aldén, A., Bergström, G., Thébault, S., Lutsch, C., & Ohlson, S. (2008). Monitoring of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin in Process Samples Using Weak Affinity Ligands and Surface Plasmon Resonance. Analytica Chimica Acta, 623(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.005
Morag, A.M., Mumcuoglu, M., Baybikov, T., Schlesinger, M., & Zakay-Rones, Z. (1997). Inhibition of sensitive and acyclovirresistant HSF-1 strains by an elderberry extract in vitro. Xth International Congress of Virology Jerusalem, Israel; 11– 16 August 1996. Phytoparasitica 25: 1.
Neznanov, N., Kondratova, A., Chumakov, K.M., Neznanova, L., Kondratov, R., Banerjee, A.K., & Gudkov, A.V. (2008). Quercetinase Pirin Makes Poliovirus Replication Resistant to Flavonoid Quercetin. DNA and Cell Biology, 27(4), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.2007.0682
Nováková, L., Pavlík, J., Chrenková, L., Martinec, O., & Červený, L. (2018). Current Antiviral Drugs and Their Analysis in Biological Materials – Part II: Antivirals against Hepatitis and HIV Viruses. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 147, 378-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.003
Orhan, D.D., Ozçelik, B., Ozgen, S., & Ergun, F. (2010). Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiviral Activities of Some Flavonoids. Microbiological Research, 165(6), 496-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2009.09.002
Park, S., Kim, J.I., Lee, I., Lee, S., Hwang, M.W., Bae, J.Y., … Park, M.S. (2013). Aronia Melanocarpa and Its Components Demonstrate Antiviral Activity against Influenza Viruses. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 440(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.090
Pleschka, S., Stein, M., Schoop, R., & Hudson, J.B. (2009). Anti-Viral Properties and Mode of Action of Standardized Echinacea Purpurea Extract against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1, H7N7) and Swine-Origin H1N1 (S-OIV). Virology Journal, 6, 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-6-197
Praditya, D., Kirchhoff, L., Brüning, J., Rachmawati, H., Steinmann, J., & Steinmann, E. (2019). Anti-Infective Properties of the Golden Spice Curcumin. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 912. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00912
Roschek, B. Jr., Fink, R.C., McMichael, M.D., Li, D., & Alberte, R.S. (2009). Elderberry Flavonoids Bind to and Prevent H1N1 Infection in Vitro. Phytochemistry, 70(10), 1255-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.06.003
Ryu, Y.B., Jeong, H.J., Kim, J.H., Kim, Y.M., Park, J.Y., Kim, D., … Lee, W.S. (2010). Biflavonoids from Torreya Nucifera Displaying SARS-CoV 3CLpro Inhibition. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 18(22), 7940-7947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.035
Serkedjieva, J., Manolova, N., Zgórniak‐Nowosielska, I., Zawilińska, B., & Grzybek, J. (1990). Antiviral Activity of the Infusion (SHS‐174) from Flowers of Sambucus Nigra L., Aerial Parts of Hypericum Perforatum L., and Roots of Saponaria Officinalis L. against Influenza and Herpes Simplex Viruses. Phytotherapy Research, 4(3), 97-100. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650040305
Sheu, T.G., Deyde, V.M., Okomo-Adhiambo, M., Garten, R.J., Xu, X., Bright, R.A., … Gubareva, L.V. (2008). Surveillance for Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance among Human Influenza A and B Viruses Circulating Worldwide from 2004 to 2008. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(9), 3284-3292. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00555-08.
Sun, P., Lu, X., Xu, C., Sun, W., & Pan, B. (2020). Understanding of COVID-19 Based on Current Evidence. Journal of Medical Virology, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25722 [Epub ahead of print]
Ulbricht, C., Basch, E., Cheung, L., Goldberg, H., Hammerness, P., Isaac, R., … Wortley, J. (2014). An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Elderberry and Elderflower (Sambucus Nigra) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 11(1), 80-120. https://doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2013.859852
Uncini Manganelli, R.E., Zaccaro, L., & Tomei, PE. (2005). Antiviral Activity in Vitro of Urtica Dioica L., Parietaria Diffusa M. et K. and Sambucus Nigra L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 98(3), 323-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.021
Utsunomiya, T., Kobayashi, M., Pollard, R.B., & Suzuki, F. (1997). Glycyrrhizin, an Active Component of Licorice Roots, Reduces Morbidity and Mortality of Mice Infected with Lethal Doses of Influenza Virus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 41(3), 551-556. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.41.3.551
Vallès, J., Bonet, M.A., & Agelet, A. (2004). Ethnobotany of Sambucus Nigra L. in Catalonia (Iberian Peninsula): The Integral Exploitation of a Natural Resource in Mountain Regions. Economic Botany, 58(3), 456-469. https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0456:EOSNLI]2.0.CO;2
van Rossum, T.G., Vulto, A.G., de Man, R.A., Brouwer, J.T., & Schalm, S.W. (1998). Glycyrrhizin as a Potential Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 12(3), 199-205. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00309.x
Weber, N.D., Andersen, D.O., North, J.A., Murray, B.K., Lawson, L.D., & Hughes, B.G. (1992). In Vitro Virucidal Effects of Allium Sativum (Garlic) Extract and Compounds. Planta Medica, 58(5), 417-423. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961504
Wen, C.C., Kuo, Y.H., Jan, J.T., Liang, P.H., Wang, S.Y., Liu, H.G., … Yang, N.S. (2007). Specific Plant Terpenoids and Lignoids Possess Potent Antiviral Activities against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 50(17), 4087-4095. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm070295s
Wu, W., Li, R., Li, X., He, J., Jiang, S., Liu, S., & Yang J. (2015). Quercetin as an Antiviral Agent Inhibits Influenza a Virus (IAV) Entry. Viruses, 8(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8010006
Xu, J., Xu, Z., & Zheng, W. (2017). A Review of the Antiviral Role of Green Tea Catechins. Molecules, 22(8), pii: E1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081337
Yan, H., Ma, L., Wang, H., Wu, S., Huang, H., Gu, Z., … Li, Y. (2019). Luteolin Decreases the Yield of Influenza A Virus in Vitro by Interfering with the Coat Protein I Complex Expression. Journal of Natural Medicines, 73(3), 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-019-01287-7
Yarmolinsky, L., Huleihel, M., Zaccai, M., & Ben-Shabat, S. (2012). Potent Antiviral Flavone Glycosides from Ficus Benjamina Leaves. Fitoterapia, 83(2), 362-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.014
Yu, M.S., Lee, J., Lee, J.M., Kim, Y., Chin, Y.W., Jee, J.G., … Jeong, Y.J. (2012). Identification of Myricetin and Scutellarein as Novel Chemical Inhibitors of the SARS Coronavirus Helicase, NsP13. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 22(12), 4049-4054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.081
Zakay-Rones, Z., Thom, E., Wollan, T., & Wadstein, J. (2004). Randomized Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Elderberry Extract in the Treatment of Influenza A and B Virus Infections. Journal of International Medical Research, 32(2), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/147323000403200205
Zakay-Rones, Z., Varsano, N., Zlotnik, M., Manor, O., Regev, L., Schlesinger, M., & Mumcuoglu, M. (1995). Inhibition of Several Strains of Influenza Virus in Vitro and Reduction of Symptoms by an Elderberry Extract (Sambucus Nigra L.) during an Outbreak of Influenza B Panama. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 1(4), 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.1995.1.361
Zandi, K., Teoh, B.T., Sam, S.S., Wong, P.F., Mustafa, M.R., & Abubakar, S. (2011). Antiviral Activity of Four Types of Bioflavonoid against Dengue Virus Type-2. Virology Journal, 8, 560. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-560
Zhuang, M., Jiang, H., Suzuki, Y., Li, X., Xiao, P., Tanaka, T., … Hattori, T. (2009). Procyanidins and Butanol Extract of Cinnamomi Cortex Inhibit SARS-CoV Infection. Antiviral Research, 82(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.001

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Miray Ege ^*
0000-0002-8872-5983
Türkiye

Mahfuz Elmastaş
0000-0002-7149-7427
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 9, 2020

Submission Date

April 19, 2020

Acceptance Date

April 29, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 1 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23BJ65AX

APA

Ege, M., & Elmastaş, M. (2020). Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, 1(2), 2-20. https://izlik.org/JA23BJ65AX

AMA

1.Ege M, Elmastaş M. Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar. J. Integr. Anatol. Med. 2020;1(2):2-20. https://izlik.org/JA23BJ65AX

Chicago

Ege, Miray, and Mahfuz Elmastaş. 2020. “Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler Ve Fitokimyasallar”. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine 1 (2): 2-20. https://izlik.org/JA23BJ65AX.

EndNote

Ege M, Elmastaş M (May 1, 2020) Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine 1 2 2–20.

IEEE

[1]M. Ege and M. Elmastaş, “Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar”, J. Integr. Anatol. Med., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 2–20, May 2020, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA23BJ65AX

ISNAD

Ege, Miray - Elmastaş, Mahfuz. “Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler Ve Fitokimyasallar”. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine 1/2 (May 1, 2020): 2-20. https://izlik.org/JA23BJ65AX.

JAMA

1.Ege M, Elmastaş M. Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar. J. Integr. Anatol. Med. 2020;1:2–20.

MLA

Ege, Miray, and Mahfuz Elmastaş. “Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler Ve Fitokimyasallar”. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, May 2020, pp. 2-20, https://izlik.org/JA23BJ65AX.

Vancouver

1.Miray Ege, Mahfuz Elmastaş. Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar. J. Integr. Anatol. Med. [Internet]. 2020 May 1;1(2):2-20. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA23BJ65AX

J. Integr. Anatol. Med. (Abbreviated Title)

◆◆◆

e-ISSN: 2687-6345

◆◆◆

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar

Phytotherapeutics with Antiviral Effect: Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals

Abstract

Keywords

Antiviral Etkili Fitoterapötikler: Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

IZ

Cite

J. Integr. Anatol. Med. (Abbreviated Title)