Sağlıkta biyosensörler: Yapı, uygulamalar, zorluklar ve gelecek perspektifleri

Abstract

Biyosensörler, kimyasal, fizyolojik veya biyolojik değişiklikleri tespit etmek için biyolojik bir tanıma elemanını bir dönüştürücüyle entegre eden analitik cihazlardır. Hızlı tanı, hasta takibi, erken hastalık tespiti ve kişiselleştirilmiş tıptaki rolleri nedeniyle sağlık hizmetlerinde giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedirler. Bu derleme, biyosensörlerin temel yapısını, sınıflandırmasını ve başlıca sağlık uygulamaları kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Biyosensör teknolojilerinin diyabet, kanser, bulaşıcı hastalıklar ve nörolojik bozukluklar gibi durumların teşhis ve takibinde kullanımı ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca, biyosensörlerin giyilebilir sistemlerle entegrasyonu, nanoteknoloji yoluyla ilerlemeleri ve hasta merkezli yaklaşımlarla geliştirilmeleri incelenmektedir. Çalışma ayrıca alandaki mevcut zorlukları ele almakta ve gelecekteki kullanılabilirliklerini genişletmek için malzeme, hassasiyet, taşınabilirlik ve çoklu biyobelirteç tespitinde gerekli iyileştirmeleri vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, biyosensör teknolojileri sağlık hizmetlerinde devrim yaratma potansiyeline sahiptir ve kişiselleştirilmiş ve sürekli sağlık takibi için gelecekteki sistemlerin temel bileşenleri haline gelmeleri beklenmektedir. Bu makale, alandaki son gelişmelere kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunmakta ve mevcut literatüre katkıda bulunan ileriye dönük bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Biyosensörler
• Sağlık Teknolojileri
• Hastalık Tanısı
• Nanoteknoloji.

Biosensors in healthcare: Structure, applications, challenges, and future perspectives

Abstract

Biosensors are analytical devices that integrate a biological recognition element with a transducer to detect chemical, physiological, or biological changes. They are becoming increasingly important in healthcare due to their roles in rapid diagnosis, patient monitoring, early disease detection, and personalized medicine. This review comprehensively examines the fundamental structure, classification, and major healthcare applications of biosensors. The use of biosensor technologies in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as diabetes, cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the integration of biosensors with wearable systems, their advancement through nanotechnology, and their enhancement via patient-centered approaches are explored. The study also addresses current challenges in the field and highlights necessary improvements in materials, sensitivity, portability, and multi-biomarker detection to expand their future usability. In conclusion, biosensor technologies have the potential to revolutionize healthcare and are expected to become core components of future systems for personalized and continuous health monitoring. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field and offers a forward-looking perspective that contributes to the existing literature.

Keywords

• Biosensors
• Healthcare technologies
• Disease diagnosis
• Nanotechnology

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