Research Article

An investigation of floral development in some Polygala taxa of Türkiye

Volume: 28 Number: 2 July 31, 2026
TR EN

An investigation of floral development in some Polygala taxa of Türkiye

Abstract

In this study, the flower development of Polygala anatolica Boiss. & Heldr., P. monspeliaca L. and P. vulgaris L., species belonging to the Polygalaceae family, which naturally grows in Türkiye, was revealed by applying histological and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Flower development begins with the variation of the apical meristem into the floral meristem. The onset of the pistil primordia preceded the pistil primordia. Sections taken from different flower buds revealed that the ovules were orthotropic (atropous), produce two integuments, were bitegmic (double integuments), and appeared crassinucellate. These data indicated that the compared species showed no embryological differences. Scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy revealed the formation of numerous irregularly indented and ridged areas on the petal surface, and the cuticle density increased as developmental stages progressed. The stigma lobes appeared distinct, the stamen filaments developed within sheaths attached to the corolla lobes, and the styles elongated significantly throughout the bud developmental stages. This study provides the first study of the floral development and characteristics of three Polygala species in Türkiye, providing embryological data for comparative systematic studies among related taxa.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Developmental and Reproductive Biology, Plant Morphology and Anatomy

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 31, 2026

Submission Date

November 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 15, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 28 Number: 2

APA
Kıçar Okumak, F., Büyükkartal, H. N., & Dönmez, A. A. (2026). An investigation of floral development in some Polygala taxa of Türkiye. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(2), 649-660. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1818689
AMA
1.Kıçar Okumak F, Büyükkartal HN, Dönmez AA. An investigation of floral development in some Polygala taxa of Türkiye. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2026;28(2):649-660. doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1818689
Chicago
Kıçar Okumak, Fatmanur, Hatice Nurhan Büyükkartal, and Ali Aslan Dönmez. 2026. “An Investigation of Floral Development in Some Polygala Taxa of Türkiye”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 28 (2): 649-60. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1818689.
EndNote
Kıçar Okumak F, Büyükkartal HN, Dönmez AA (July 1, 2026) An investigation of floral development in some Polygala taxa of Türkiye. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 28 2 649–660.
IEEE
[1]F. Kıçar Okumak, H. N. Büyükkartal, and A. A. Dönmez, “An investigation of floral development in some Polygala taxa of Türkiye”, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 649–660, July 2026, doi: 10.25092/baunfbed.1818689.
ISNAD
Kıçar Okumak, Fatmanur - Büyükkartal, Hatice Nurhan - Dönmez, Ali Aslan. “An Investigation of Floral Development in Some Polygala Taxa of Türkiye”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 28/2 (July 1, 2026): 649-660. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1818689.
JAMA
1.Kıçar Okumak F, Büyükkartal HN, Dönmez AA. An investigation of floral development in some Polygala taxa of Türkiye. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2026;28:649–660.
MLA
Kıçar Okumak, Fatmanur, et al. “An Investigation of Floral Development in Some Polygala Taxa of Türkiye”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 649-60, doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1818689.
Vancouver
1.Fatmanur Kıçar Okumak, Hatice Nurhan Büyükkartal, Ali Aslan Dönmez. An investigation of floral development in some Polygala taxa of Türkiye. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2026 Jul. 1;28(2):649-60. doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1818689