Yüksek kalsiyum içeren kağıt endüstrisi atıksuyundan mikrobiyal CaCO3 çöktürmesi ile kalsiyum giderimi
Öz
Yüksek konsantrasyonda kalsiyum içeren kağıt endüstrisi atıksuları arıtma prosesleri esnasında bazı önemli problemlere sebep olduğu için dikkate alınmaktadır. Son zamanlarda batık membran biyoreaktör (bMBR) sistemi endüstriyel atıksuların arıtımında yaygın şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır ve işletmede pek çok zorluklara sebep olan problemlerden biri olarak membran tıkanma problemleri gözlenmektedir. bMBR'de işletme esnasında membran yüzeyinde CaCO3 film tabakası oluştuktan sonra inorganik membran tıkanması oluştuğu için membran akısında düşüş gözlenmektedir. Mikrobiyal karbonat çöktürme (MCP) prosesi doğal bir mikrobiyal prosestir ve mikroorganizmaların değişik fizyolojik aktiviteleri vasıtası ile çevrede alkalinite üretme yetenekleri olarak tanımlanır. Bu çalışmanın amacı MCP uygulamasının kağıt endüstrisi atıksuyu için batık membran biyoreaktör öncesinde ön arıtım metodu olarak kullanımının araştırılmasıdır. Üre vasıtasıyla atıksudan CaCO3 giderim potansiyeli ön testler ile belirlenen optimum işletme şartlarında ardışık kesikli reaktör (SBR) sistemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Ön çalışmalar ile optimum üre dozu ve hidrolik bekleme süresi (HRT) 4 g/L ve 72 sa olarak belirlenmiştir. SBR’de optimum deneysel koşullar altında elde edilen sonuçlar %90.16 kalsiyum giderim verimi elde edildiğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada MCP prosesinin kalsiyum giderimi için uygun bir metot olduğu ve bMBR’de kalsiyum tıkanması ve inorganik tıkanmayı önlemek için kağıt endüstrisi atıksuyunun arıtımında ön arıtım metodu olarak kullanılabileği bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kalsiyum giderimi mikrobiyal karbonat çöktürmesi kağıt endüstrisi atıksuyu üre hidrolizi
Kaynakça
- Pokhrel D., and Viraraghavan, T., Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater-a review. Science of the Total Environment, 333, 37– 58, (2004).
- Thompson, G., Swain, J., Kay, M. and Forster, C.F., The treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent: A review, Bioresource Technology, 77, 275-286, (2001).
- Karrasch, B., Parra, O., Cid, H., Mehrens, M., Pacheco, P., Urrutia, R., Valdovinos, C. and Zaror, C., Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on the microplankton and microbial self-purification capabilities of the Biobio River, Chile, Science of the Total Environment, 359, 194-208, (2006).
- Buyukkamaci, N. and Koken, E., Economic evaluation of alternative wastewater treatment plant options for pulp and paper industry, Science of the Total Environment, 408, 6070-6078, (2010).
- Van Beukering, P. J. H. and Bouman, M. N., Empirical Evidence on Recycling and Trade of Paper and Lead in Developed and Developing Countries, World Development, 29, 1717-1737, (2001).
- Kamali, M. and Khodaparast, Z., Review on recent developments on pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 114, 326-342, (2015).
- Hammes, F., Seka, A., Van Hege, K., Wiele, T.V., Vanderdeelen, J., Siciliano, S.D. and Verstraete, W., Calcium removal from industrial wastewater by bio-catalytic CaCO3 precipitation, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 78, 670–677, (2003).
- Lerner, M., Stahl, N. and Galil, N.I., Comparative study of MBR and activated sludge in the treatment of paper mill wastewater, Water Science and Technology, 55, 23–29, (2007).
- Ashrafi, O., Yerushalmi, L. and Haghighat, F., Wastewater treatment in the pulp-and-paper industry: A review of treatment processes and the associated greenhouse gas emission, Journal of Environmental Management, 158, 146-157, (2015).
- Lin, H., Gao, W., Meng, F., Liao, B.Q., Leung, K.T., Zhao, L., Chen, J. and Hong, H., Membrane Bioreactors for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 677–740, (2012).
- Simstich, B., Beimfohr, C. and Horn, H., Lab scale experiments using a submerged MBR under thermophilic aerobic conditions for the treatment of paper mill deinking wastewater, Bioresource Techology, 122, 11–16, (2012).
- Hammes, F., Seka, A., Knijf, S. and Verstraete, W., A novel approach to calcium removal from calcium-rich industrial wastewater, Water Research, 37, 699–704, (2003).
- Okwadha, G. D. O. and Li, J., Optimum conditions for microbial carbonate precipitation, Chemosphere, 81, 1143-1148, (2010).
- Fujita, Y., Ferris, F. G., Lawson, R. D., Colwell, F. S. and Smith, R. W., Calcium carbonate precipitation by ureolytic subsurface bacteria, Geomicrobiology Journal, 17, 305-318, (2000).
- Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21th edn, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC, USA, (2005).
Öz
High concentrations of calcium present in paper mill wastewaters are considered as they lead to some important problems during the treatment process. Recently, submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) system have been commonly used to industrial wastewater treatment and it is observed that membrane scaling or fouling is one of the most important problems which causes many operational difficulties. A decrease in membrane flux is observed after the formation of CaCO3 film on the membrane surface as inorganic membrane fouling is encountered during the operation of the sMBR. Microbial carbonate precipitation (MCP) process is a natural microbial process and the mechanism of MCP is defined as the ability of microorganism to alkalinise an environment through various physiological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of MCP to paper-mill wastewater as a pre-treatment method prior to submerged membrane bioreactor. The potential for CaCO3 removal from wastewater through urea was investigated at optimum operation conditions obtained from the batch tests using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The optimum dosage of urea and HRT were determined 4 g/L and 72 h. The results obtained indicated that the calcium removal efficiency was found to be 90.16% at optimum experimental conditions in the SBR operation. It was found out that the MCP was a suitable method for calcium removal and it can be used as a pre-treatment method of paper-mill wastewater treatment to avoid calcium scaling and inorganic fouling in sMBR in the study.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Calcium removal microbial carbonate precipitation paper-mill industrial wastewater urea hydrolysis
Kaynakça
- Pokhrel D., and Viraraghavan, T., Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater-a review. Science of the Total Environment, 333, 37– 58, (2004).
- Thompson, G., Swain, J., Kay, M. and Forster, C.F., The treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent: A review, Bioresource Technology, 77, 275-286, (2001).
- Karrasch, B., Parra, O., Cid, H., Mehrens, M., Pacheco, P., Urrutia, R., Valdovinos, C. and Zaror, C., Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on the microplankton and microbial self-purification capabilities of the Biobio River, Chile, Science of the Total Environment, 359, 194-208, (2006).
- Buyukkamaci, N. and Koken, E., Economic evaluation of alternative wastewater treatment plant options for pulp and paper industry, Science of the Total Environment, 408, 6070-6078, (2010).
- Van Beukering, P. J. H. and Bouman, M. N., Empirical Evidence on Recycling and Trade of Paper and Lead in Developed and Developing Countries, World Development, 29, 1717-1737, (2001).
- Kamali, M. and Khodaparast, Z., Review on recent developments on pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 114, 326-342, (2015).
- Hammes, F., Seka, A., Van Hege, K., Wiele, T.V., Vanderdeelen, J., Siciliano, S.D. and Verstraete, W., Calcium removal from industrial wastewater by bio-catalytic CaCO3 precipitation, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 78, 670–677, (2003).
- Lerner, M., Stahl, N. and Galil, N.I., Comparative study of MBR and activated sludge in the treatment of paper mill wastewater, Water Science and Technology, 55, 23–29, (2007).
- Ashrafi, O., Yerushalmi, L. and Haghighat, F., Wastewater treatment in the pulp-and-paper industry: A review of treatment processes and the associated greenhouse gas emission, Journal of Environmental Management, 158, 146-157, (2015).
- Lin, H., Gao, W., Meng, F., Liao, B.Q., Leung, K.T., Zhao, L., Chen, J. and Hong, H., Membrane Bioreactors for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 677–740, (2012).
- Simstich, B., Beimfohr, C. and Horn, H., Lab scale experiments using a submerged MBR under thermophilic aerobic conditions for the treatment of paper mill deinking wastewater, Bioresource Techology, 122, 11–16, (2012).
- Hammes, F., Seka, A., Knijf, S. and Verstraete, W., A novel approach to calcium removal from calcium-rich industrial wastewater, Water Research, 37, 699–704, (2003).
- Okwadha, G. D. O. and Li, J., Optimum conditions for microbial carbonate precipitation, Chemosphere, 81, 1143-1148, (2010).
- Fujita, Y., Ferris, F. G., Lawson, R. D., Colwell, F. S. and Smith, R. W., Calcium carbonate precipitation by ureolytic subsurface bacteria, Geomicrobiology Journal, 17, 305-318, (2000).
- Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21th edn, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC, USA, (2005).
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Mart 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Haziran 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1 |