Kaolinit kilinin hidrojen depolama amaçlı kullanımı için modifikasyonu ve karakterizasyonu

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 186 - 202, 16.01.2023

Berna Koçer Kızılduman

https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1104156

Abstract

Dünyada var olan enerji kaynaklarının son yıllarda azalmasına bağlı olarak, güvenli ve sürdürülebilir enerji alanlarında alternatif olabileceği düşüncesiyle yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılmasına yönelik bilimsel çalışmalar hızla devam etmektedir. Hidrojen, güç üretimi, ısı, ulaşım ve enerji depolama sistemleri gibi farklı alanlarda kullanım potansiyeline sahip küresel olarak çevre üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi olmayan temiz yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağıdır. Kaolinit, 1:1 tabakalı yapıya sahip ve katmanlar arası mesafesi düşük bir kil mineralidir. Kil minerallerinin adsorpsiyon kapasitelerinin ilgi çekici olması sebebiyle kaolinit birçok depolama uygulamaları için kullanılabilir. Yapılan çalışmalar, kil minerallerinin hidrojen depolama materyali olarak kullanılabileceği göstermektedir ancak katmanlar arası mesafesi diğer killere oranla daha az bir kil minerali olması sebebiyle hidrojen moleküllerinin kaolinit tabakaları arasında tutulması zordur. Bu nedenle, kaolinitin hidrojen depolama kapasitesinin arttırılmasına yönelik ön işlemler dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kaolinit üzerinde hidrojen moleküllerinin adsorpsiyonunun arttırılması amacıyla 1:1 kil tabakasına sahip kaolinit (K) öncelikle dimetil sülfoksit (DMSO) organik bileşeği ile aralanarak interkale kaolinit (KD), sonrasında ise organik bir modifiyer madde olan 2,6-diaminopiridin (2,6-DAP) molekülleri ile DMSO moleküllerinin yer değiştirmesi sağlanarak modifiye kaolinit (KD_2,6-DAP) organokili oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen örneklerin temel olarak karakterizasyonunda BET yüzey alanı tayin cihazı ile yüzey alanları ve gözenek boyutu dağılımları; SEM cihazı ile morfolojisi; FTIR ve XRD cihazları ile yapısal karakterizasyonu; TGA cihazı ile termal kararlılığı belirlenmiştir. Aralanarak modifiye edilen kaolinitin hidrojen depolama kapasitesi, kriyojenik sıcaklıkta ve 0-7 bar basınç aralığında kaolinitten daha yüksek olarak ölçülmüştür. 7 bar basınçta kaolinitin ağırlıkça hidrojen depolama kapasitesi %0,002, modifiye kaolinitin ise %0,018 olarak belirlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen tüm bu karakterizasyon işlemleri ışığında killerin modifikasyon ile hidrojen depolama kapasitelerinin arttırılabileceği ve enerji alanında hidrojen depolama materyali olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Kaolinit, interkalasyon, modifikasyon, karakterizasyon, hidrojen depolama.

Modification and characterization of kaolinite clay for hydrogen storage

Abstract

In recent years, due to the decrease in energy resources in the world, scientific studies on the use of renewable energy resources are continuing rapidly with the thought that it can be an alternative in the fields of safe and sustainable energy. Hydrogen is a clean renewable energy source that has the potential to be used in different fields such as power generation, heat, transportation and and energy storage systems and has no impact on the environment globally. Kaolinite is a clay mineral with a 1:1 layered structure and a low interlayer distance. Kaolinite can be used for many storage applications because the adsorption capacity of clay minerals is interesting. Studies show that clay minerals can be used as hydrogen storage material, but it is difficult to keep hydrogen molecules between the kaolinite layers, since the distance between layers is less than other clays. Therefore, pretreatments attract attention to increase the hydrogen storage capacity of kaolinite. In this study, kaolinite (K), which has a 1:1 clay layer, was first intercalated (KD) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in order to hold hydrogen molecules to kaolinite, and then 2,6-diaminopyridine (2,6-DAP) molecules were replaced with DMSO molecules. In the basic characterization of the samples obtained, surface areas and pore size distributions with BET surface area determination device; morphology with SEM device; structural characterization with FTIR and XRD devices; the thermal stability was determined with the TGA device. The hydrogen storage capacity of the modified kaolinite was measured to be higher than kaolinite at cryogenic temperature and pressure range of 0-7 bar. At 7 bar pressure, the hydrogen storage capacity of kaolinite by weight was determined as 0.002% and modified kaolinite as 0.018%. In the light of all these characterizations, it was concluded that the hydrogen storage capacity of clays can be increased by modification and can be used as a hydrogen storage material in the energy field.

Keywords

Kaolinite, intercalation, modification, characterization, hydrogen storage.

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