Determination of the synergistic effect of some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the development of wheat and maize seeds in vitro conditions

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 370 - 383

Kemal Karaca , Şevval Bora , Rengin Eltem

https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1397156

Öz

In this study, the synergistic effects of 9 Bacillus strains isolated from local sources with PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) properties on the development of wheat seeds, 5 Bacillus, 1 Pseudomonas and 1 Stenotrophomonas strains on the growth of maize seeds were investigated. Bioinoculants (108 cfu/ml) prepared from each of the bacterial strains in the form of single combinations, and double and triple strain combinations created by mixing equal volumes were treated with sterile wheat seeds and placed in pots. After sterile maize seeds were placed in pots, bioinoculants were inoculated into seeds as single strains and in equal volumes of mixed double, triple and quadruple strain combinations. Trials were designed to be repeated in triplicate. Growth trials of wheat and maize seeds under controlled conditions were continued for 30 and 45 days, respectively. When the development of seeds was statistically compared with the control group in terms of shoot length, shoot fresh, shoot dry, root fresh and root dry weights, it was determined that combinations of (B. subtilis B.3.P.5 + B. subtilis 1.19 + B. subtilis 36.5) and (B. subtilis B.3.P.5 + B. subtilis 36.5 + B. simplex B.1.2.k) for wheat, and (B. subtilis 1.19 + B. simplex B.1.2.k + B. megaterium 42.3) and (B. megaterium 42.3 + B. subtilis 36.5 + S. rhizophila 118.1 + P. chlororaphis P-102-b-a) for maize had a high synergistic effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PGPR, synergistic effect, wheat, maize, seed development

Proje Numarası

1139B412000866

Bazı bitki büyümesini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin (PGPR) buğday ve mısır tohumlarının gelişimi üzerindeki sinerjik etkisinin in vitro koşullarda belirlenmesi

Öz

Yapılan bu çalışmada yerel kaynaklardan izole edilmiş, PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) özellikleri belirlenmiş 9 Bacillus suşunun buğday, 5 Bacillus, 1 Pseudomonas ve 1 Stenotrophomonas suşunun ise mısır tohumlarının gelişimi üzerindeki sinerjik etkileri incelenmiştir. Bakteri suşlarının her birinden hazırlanan biyoinokülantların (108 kob/ml) tek tek suşlar ve eşit hacimlerde karıştırılmasıyla oluşturulan ikili ve üçlü suş kombinasyonlar şeklinde steril buğday tohumları ile muamele edilip saksılara yerleştirilmiştir. Steril mısır tohumları ise saksılara yerleştirildikten sonra biyoinokülantların tek tek suşlar ve eşit hacimlerde karıştırılmış ikili, üçlü ve dörtlü suş kombinasyonlar şeklinde inoküle edilmiştir. Denemeler üçer tekrarlı olacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Kontrollü koşullar altında buğday ve mısır tohumlarının gelişim denemeleri sırasıyla 30 ve 45 gün boyunca devam edilmiştir. Tohumların gelişimi gövde uzunluğu, gövde yaş, gövde kuru, kök yaş ve kök kuru ağırlıkları açısından kontrol grubu ile istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldığında buğday için (B. subtilis B.3.P.5 + B. subtilis 1.19 + B. subtilis 36.5) ve (B. subtilis B.3.P.5 + B. subtilis 36.5 + B. simplex B.1.2.k), mısır için ise (B. subtilis 1.19 + B. simplex B.1.2.k + B. megaterium 42.3) ve (B. megaterium 42.3 + B. subtilis 36.5 + S. rhizophila 118.1 + P. chlororaphis P-102-b-a) kombinasyonlarının yüksek sinerjik etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PGPR, sinerjik etki, buğday, mısır, tohum gelişimi

Etik Beyan

Yapılan çalışmada araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

1139B412000866

Teşekkür

Yapılan çalışmalar “1512-Girişimcilik Destek Programı (BİGG)” ve “2209-B Üniversite Öğrencileri Sanayi Yönelik Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı” 1139B412000866 nolu projeler ile desteklenmiştir. Tübitak TEYDEP ve BİDEB birimlerine mali destekleri için teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

• Ali, A. F., Salim, H. A., and Alsaady, M. H. M., Response of two wheat cultivars to inoculation of Bacillus subtilis and Phosphorus fertilizer, In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1294, No. 9, p. 092036, (2019).
• Wang, Y., Pei, Y., Wang, X., Dai, X., and Zhu, M., Antimicrobial metabolites produced by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Advanced Agrochem. 3, 206-221, (2024).
• Dey, A., Liquid biofertilizers and their applications: an overview. Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology: Applications for Sustainability, 275-292, (2021).
• Daniel, A. I., Fadaka, A. O., Gokul, A., Bakare, O. O., Aina, O., Fisher, S., Burt, A. F., Mavumengwana, V., Keyster, M., and Klein, A. Biofertilizer: the future of food security and food safety. Microorganisms, 10(6), 1220, (2022).
• Rai, A., Belkacem, M., Assadi, I., Bollinger, J. C., Elfalleh, W., Assadi, A. A., Amrane, A., and Mouni, L. Bacteria in soil: Promising bioremediation agents in arid and semi-arid environments for cereal growth enhancement. Applied Sciences, 12(22), 11567, (2022).
• Kumar, A., Prakash, A., and Johri, B. N., Bacillus as PGPR in crop ecosystem. Bacteria in agrobiology: crop ecosystems, 37-59, (2011).
• Sarbani, N. M. M., and Yahaya, N., Advanced development of bio-fertilizer formulations using microorganisms as inoculant for sustainable agriculture and environment–a review. Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology, 8(1), 92-101, (2022).
• Malgioglio, G., Rizzo, G. F., Nigro, S., Lefebvre du Prey, V., Herforth-Rahmé, J., Catara, V., and Branca, F., Plant-microbe interaction in sustainable agriculture: the factors that may influence the efficacy of PGPM application. Sustainability, 14(4), 2253, (2022).
• Laishram, B., Devi, O. R., Dutta, R., Senthilkumar, T., Goyal, G., Paliwal, D. K., Panotra, N., and Rasool, A., Plant-Microbe Interactions: PGPM as Microbial Inoculants/Biofertilizers for Sustaining Crop Productivity and Soil Fertility. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 100333, (2024).
• Li, T., Tang, J., Karuppiah, V., Li, Y., Xu, N., and Chen, J., Co-culture of Trichoderma atroviride SG3403 and Bacillus subtilis 22 improves the production of antifungal secondary metabolites. Biological Control, 140, 104122, (2020).
• David, B. V., Chandrasehar, G., and Selvam, P. N., Pseudomonas fluorescens: a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) with potential role in biocontrol of pests of crops. In Crop improvement through microbial biotechnology (pp. 221-243). Elsevier, (2018).
• Tsotetsi, T., Nephali, L., Malebe, M., and Tugizimana, F., Bacillus for plant growth promotion and stress resilience: what have we learned?. Plants, 11(19), 2482. (2022).
• Varatharaju, G., Nithya, K., Suresh, P., Rekha, M., Balasubramanian, N., Gomathinayagam, S., Manoharan, P. T., and Shanmugaiah, V., Biocontrol properties and functional characterization of rice rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. VsMKU4036. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 14(2), 1545-1556, (2020).
• Olaniyan, F. T., Alori, E. T., Adekiya, A. O., Ayorinde, B. B., Daramola, F. Y., Osemwegie, O. O., and Babalola, O. O. The use of soil microbial potassium solubilizers in potassium nutrient availability in soil and its dynamics. Annals of Microbiology, 72(1), 45 (2022).
• Raio, A., and Puopolo, G., Pseudomonas chlororaphis metabolites as biocontrol promoters of plant health and improved crop yield. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 37(6), 99, (2021).
• Barin, M., Asadzadeh, F., Hosseini, M., Hammer, E. C., Vetukuri, R. R., and Vahedi, R., Optimization of biofertilizer formulation for phosphorus solubilizing by Pseudomonas fluorescens Ur21 via response surface methodology. Processes, 10(4), 650, (2022).
• Kumar, A., Soni, R., Kanwar, S. S., and Pabbi, S., Stenotrophomonas: A versatile diazotrophic bacteria from the rhizospheric soils of Western Himalayas and development of its liquid biofertilizer formulation. Vegetos, 32, 103-109, (2019).
• Liu, Y., Gao, J., Bai, Z., Wu, S., Li, X., Wang, N., Du, X., Fan, H., Zhuang, G., Bohu, T., and Zhuang, X., Unraveling mechanisms and impact of microbial recruitment on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the rhizosphere mediated by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Microorganisms, 9(1), 161, (2021).
• Raupach, G. S., and Kloepper, J. W., Mixtures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance biological control of multiple cucumber pathogens. Phytopathology, 88(11), 1158-1164, (1998).
• Lim, J. H., and Kim, S. D., Synergistic plant growth promotion by the indigenous auxins-producing PGPR Bacillus subtilis AH18 and Bacillus licheniforims K11. Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 52, 531-538, (2009).
• Kumar, M., Mishra, S., Dixit, V., Kumar, M., Agarwal, L., Chauhan, P. S., and Nautiyal, C. S., Synergistic effect of Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ameliorates drought stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant signaling & behavior, 11(1), e1071004, (2016).
• İmamoğlu, Ö., Çeşitli kaynaklardan izole edilen Bacillus sp. izolatlarının kitosanaz aktivitesinin ve antifungal etkisinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoteknoloji Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, (2008).
• Bahadır, P. S., Mikrobiyal Gübre Olarak Çeşitli Bacillus Biyopreparatlarinin Optimum Üretim Koşullari ve Performanslarının İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyomühendislik Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, (2017).
• Bahadır, P. S., Liaqat, F., and Eltem, R., Plant growth promoting properties of phosphate solubilizing Bacillus species isolated from the Aegean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 42(2), 183-196, (2018).
• Oztopuz, O., Sarigul, N., Liaqat, F., Park, R. D., and Eltem, R., Chitinolytic Bacillus subtilis Ege-B-1.19 as a biocontrol agent against mycotoxigenic and phytopathogenic fungi. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 44(3), 323-331, (2019).
• Çağlayan, K., Biyogübre olarak Pseudomonas türlerinin üretim optimizasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoteknoloji Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, (2021).
• Dülgeroğlu, B., Bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin (PGPR) hasat sonrası fungal patojenler üzerindeki etkisinin in vitro koşullarda belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyomühendislik Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, (2023).
• Çakmakçı, R., Dönmez, M. F., and Erdoğan, Ü., The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, some soil properties, and bacterial counts. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(3), 189-199, (2007).
• Kumar, A., Maurya, B. R., and Raghuwanshi, R., Isolation and characterization of PGPR and their effect on growth, yield and nutrient content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 3(4), 121-128, (2014).
• Mahato, S., Bhuju, S., and Shrestha, J., Effect of Trichoderma viride as biofertilizer on growth and yield of wheat. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2(2), 01-05, (2018).
• Noroña, D., Arancibia, M. Y., Amancha, P., Paucar, M., Gonzalez, O., Quilambaqui, M., Portilla, A., and Delgado, E., Drying kinetics of wheat, barley and maize grain. Italian Journal of Food Science, 106-116, (2018).
• Özler, E., Ergüneş, G., ve Tarhan, S., Mısırda farklı ön işlemlerin kuruma hızına etkisi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 160-166, (2006).
• Gholami, A., Shahsavani, S., and Nezarat, S., The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize. International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 3(1), 9-14, (2009).
• Ahmed, A., Sultan, T., Qadir, G., Afzal, O., Ahmed, M., Shah, S. S., Asif, M., Ali, S., and Mehmood, M. Z., Impact assessment of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 33, 234-246, (2020).
• Mandal, D., Shukla, A. C., and Siddiqui, M. W., Sustainable Horticulture, Volume 2:: Food, Health, and Nutrition. Canada, CRC Press, (2018).
• Zalila-Kolsi, I., Mahmoud, A. B., Ali, H., Sellami, S., Nasfi, Z., Tounsi, S., and Jamoussi, K., Antagonist effects of Bacillus spp. strains against Fusarium graminearum for protection of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). Microbiological research, 192, 148-158, (2016).
• Çelikten, M., ve Bozkurt, İ. A., Buğday Kök Bölgesinden İzole Edilen Bakterilerin Buğday Gelişimine Olan Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 33-48, (2018).
• Hussain, A., Ahmad, M., Nafees, M., Iqbal, Z., Luqman, M., Jamil, M., Maqsood, A., Mora-Poblete, F., Ahmar, S., Chen, J. T., Alyemeni, M. N., and Ahmad, P., Plant-growth-promoting Bacillus and Paenibacillus species improve the nutritional status of Triticum aestivum L. Plos one, 15(12), e0241130, (2020).
• TÜİK, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri 2024, (2024). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2024-53447 (30.12.2024).
• Ansari, F. A., Ahmad, I., and Pichtel, J., Synergistic effects of biofilm-producing PGPR strains on wheat plant colonization, growth and soil resilience under drought stress. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 30(6), 103664, (2023).
• Ranum, P., Peña‐Rosas, J. P., and Garcia‐Casal, M. N., Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Annals of the new York academy of sciences, 1312(1), 105-112, (2014).
• Nezarat, S., and Gholami, A., Screening Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Improving Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Yield of Maize. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12(1), 26-32, (2009).
• Gholami, A., Biyari, A., Gholipoor, M., and Asadi Rahmani, H., Growth promotion of maize (Zea mays L.) by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria under field conditions. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 43(9), 1263-1272, (2012).
• Tilak, K. V. B. R., Ranganayaki, N., and Manoharachari, C., Synergistic effects of plant‐growth promoting rhizobacteria and Rhizobium on nodulation and nitrogen fixation by pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). European Journal of Soil Science, 57(1), 67-71, (2006).
• Pan, J., Huang, C., Peng, F., Wang, T., Liao, J., Ma, S., You, G., and Xue, X., Synergistic combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria modulates morpho-physiological characteristics and soil structure in Nitraria tangutorum bobr. Under saline soil conditions. Research in Cold and Arid Regions, 14(6), 393-402, (2022).
• Woo, S. L., Ruocco, M., Vinale, F., Nigro, M., Marra, R., Lombardi, N., Pascale, A., Lanzuise, S., Manganiello, G., and Lorito, M., Trichoderma-based products and their widespread use in agriculture. The Open Mycology Journal, 8(1), (2014).