The Effect of Store Image on Shopper Mobility: An Application in Bursa
Year 2018,
, 497 - 525, 15.12.2018
Barış Zengin
Serkan Kılıç
Abstract
The
preference of shoppers to change or abandon the shops they use constantly and
shops from other stores leads the concept of shopper mobility. The main purpose
of the study is to examine whether or not the store image and variables that forming
the store image have a significant effect on shopper mobility. The study was
conducted by face-to-face survey method with the 390 shoppers who are over 20
years old in Bursa and it is assumed to do their shopping their own. The
questionnaire data was analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs and the hypothesis
generated in the model was tested. With the direction of the findings it has
been found that the store image and the variables forming the store image which
are product/service variety and quality, sales personnel, price/value and store
atmosphre have a significant effect on the shoppers’ mobility.
References
- Aldershof, T. L., Schut, E., Beck, K., Greß, S., Shmueli, A., Voorde, C. V. D. (2004). Consumer Mobility in Social Health Insurance Markets: A Five-Country Comparison. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 4 (3), 229-241.
Anic, I.D., Radas, S. (2016). Boundaries For The Retail Geographical Market and Factors Influencing Shoppers’ Mobility. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 50 (2), 315-341.
Armstrong, G., Kotler, P. (2011). Marketing An Introduction. (10th Ed.), London: Pearson Inc.
Aydın, K. (2013). Perakende Yönetiminin Temelleri. (4.Bs.). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structual Equation Models. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 16 (1), 74-94.
Baumgartner, H., Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing and Consumer Research: A Review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13 (2), 139-161.
Bayçu, S., Arslan, F. M. (2012). Mağaza Atmosferi. Ed. Mine Oyman, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Belwal, R., Belwal, S. (2017). Factors Affecting Store Image and The Choice of Hypermarkets in Oman. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 45 (6), 587-607.
Beristain, J. J., Zorrilla, P. (2011). The Relationship Between Store Image and Store Brand Equity: A Conceptual Framework and Evidence From Hypermarkets. Journal of Retailing And Consumer Services, 18, 562–574.
Berman, B., Evans, J. R. (2004). Retail Management: A Strategic Approach. (9th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Practice Hall.
Briesch, R. A., Chintagunta, P. K., Fox, E. J. (2009). How Does Assortment Affect Grocery Store Choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 46 (2), 176-189.
Burt, S., Carraleroencinas, J. (2000). The Role of Store Image in Retail Internationalisation. International Marketing Review, 17 (4/5), 433-453.
Chaiyasoonthorn, W., Suksa-Ngiam, W. (2011). Factors Influencing Store Patronage: A Study of Modern Retailers in Bangkok Thailand. International Journal of Trade Economics and Finance, 2 (6), 520-525.
Darley, W. K., Lim, J. S. (1999). Effects of Store Image and Attitude Toward Secondhand Stores on Shopping Frequency and Distance Traveled. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 27 (8), 311-318.
Delgado-Ballester, E., Hernandez-Espallardo, M., Rodriguez-Orejuela, A. (2014). Store Image Influences in Consumers’ Perceptions of Store Brands: The Moderating Role of Value Consciousness. European Journal of Marketing, 48 (9/10), 1850-1869.
Diallo, M. F. (2012). Effects of Store Image and Store Brand Price-Image on Store Brand Purchase Intention: Application to An Emerging Market. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19, 360-367.
Dieleman, F. M., Dijst, M., Burghouwt, G. (2002). Urban Form and Travel Behaviour: Micro-Level Household Attributes and Residential Context. Urban Studies, 39 (3), 507-527.
Doucé, L., Janssens, W., Leroi-Werelds, S., Streukens, S. (2016). What to Diffuse in a Gender-Specific Store? The Effect of Male and Female Perfumes on Customer Value and Behaviour. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 15, 271-280.
Erasmus, A. C., Grabowski, A. (2013). Female Customers’ Expectation of the Service Offering and Their Perception of the Service Quality in an Emerging Clothing Market. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37, 2-12.
Erciş, A., Yılmaz, K., Ünal, S. (2008). Tüketicilerin Tercih Ettiği Süpermarkete Yönelik Algıları, Tatmin Duyguları ve Bağlılıkları Arasındaki Farklılıkların Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (2), 97-114.
Grah, M., Tominc, P. (2015). Relationships Among Store Image and Store Loyalty in Slovenia. Naše Gospodarstvo/Our Economy, 61 (6), 28-37.
Güler, E. G. (2009). Otel İşletmelerinde Değer Yaratma ve Müşteri Değeri Algılaması Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Edirne’deki Oteller Örneği. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20 (1), 61-76.
Hsu, M. K., Huang, Y., Swanson, S. (2010). Grocery Store Image, Travel Distance, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions: Evidence From A Midwest College Town. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 38 (2), 115-132.
Hussain, R., Ali, M. (2015). Effect of Store Atmosphere on Consumer Purchase Intention. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 7 (2), 35-43.
Iacobucci, D. (2010). Structural Equations Modeling: Fit Indices, Sample Size, and Advanced Topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20 (1), 90-98.
Ingram, T. N., Raymond W. L., Thomas, W. L. (2002). Selling in the New Millennium: A Joint Agenda. Industrial Marketing Management, 31 (October), 559–606.
Kaufmann, V. Bergman, M.M. and Joye D. (2004). Motility: Mobility as Capital. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28(4), 745-756.
Kesari, B., Atulkar, S. (2016). Satisfaction of Mall Shoppers: A Study on Perceived Utilitarian and Hedonic Shopping Values. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 31, 22-31.
Kılıç, S. (2006). Perakende Gıda İşletmelerinde Özel Markalı Ürünler ve Türkiye Açısından Bir İnceleme. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
Koul, S., Mishra, H. G. (2013). Customer Perceptions For Store Attrıbutes: A Study of Traditional Retail Stores in India. Journal of Business & Economics, 5 (1), 79-103.
Kumar, V, Leone, Robert P. (1988) Measuring The Effect of Retail Store Promotions on Brand and Store Substitution. Journal of Marketing Research (Jmr), 25 (2) , 178-185.
Kurşunluoğlu, E. (2012). Mağazalı Perakendeciler ve Müşteri Servisleri. Journal of Yasar University, 4 (14), 2173-2184.
Kurtuluş, M., Nakkas, A. (2011). Retail Assortment Planning Under Category Captainship. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 13 (1), 124-142.
Külter, B. (2011). Mağaza Özelliklerinin Perakendeci Marka Tercihi Üzerindeki Etkisi. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7 (14), 164-182.
Luceri, B., Latusi, S. (2016). The Cross-Shopping Behaviour: Patterns of Store Format Mobility in the Apparel Sector. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 44 (1), 89-104.
Michel, G., Merk, M., Eroglu, S. (2015). Salesperson–Brand Relationship: Main Dimensions and Impact within the Context of Private Brand Retailing. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 35 (4), 314-333.
Miller, C. M., Smith, S. A., Mcintyre, S. H., Achabal, D. D., (2010). Optimizing and Evaluating Retail Assortments for Infrequently Purchased Products. Journal of Retailing, 86 (2), 159-171.
Oğuz, V. G., Gürdal, S. (2017). Perakende Sektöründe Mağaza Atmosferinin Satış Personeli Performansı Üzerine Etkileri: Hazır Giyim Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3 (8), 41-54.
Olson, E.M., Orville, C. W. Jr., Robert, V. R. (1995). Organizing for Effective New Product Development: The Moderating Role of Product/Service Innovativeness. Journal of Marketing, 59 (January), 48-62.
Popkowski, L. P., Timmermans, H. (1997). Store-Switching Behavior. Marketing Letters, 8 (2), 193-204.
Reynolds, K. E., Arnold, M. J. (2000). Customer Loyalty To The Salesperson and The Store: Examining Relationship Customers in An Upscale Retail Context. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 20 (2), 89-98.
Rhee, H., Bell, D. R. (2002). The Inter-Store Mobility of Supermarket Shoppers. Journal of Retailing, 78, 225–237.
Roy S., Ghosh, L. (2013). Understanding Apparel Store Image: A Scale Development Approach. Journal of Services Research, 13 (2), 53-70
Steenkamp, J.-B., Wedel, M. (1991). Segmenting Retail Markets on Store Image Using A Consumer-Based Methodology. Journal of Retailing, 63 (3), 300-320.
Suel, E. (2016) Modelling the Relationship between Multi-Channel Retail and Personal Mobility Behaviour, PhD Thesis, Imperial College, London.
Sullivan, M., Adcock, D. (2002). Retail Marketing. London: Cengage Learning Emea.
Survey System. (2018). Sample Size Calculator. 12.03.2018 tarihinde https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm#one adresinden erişildi.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidel, S. L. (2012). Using Multivariate Statistics. (6th Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Inc.
Tatlı, H. (2014). Market Müşterilerinin Tercihini Etkileyen Faktörler: Bingöl İli Örneği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10 (1), 233- 252.
Tek, Ö. B. (1984). Perakende Pazarlama Yönetimi. İzmir: Üçel Yayıncılık.
Theodoridis, P. K., Chatzipanagiotou, K. C. (2009). Store Image Attributes and Customer Satisfaction Across Different Customer Profiles Within The Supermarket Sector in Greece. European Journal of Marketing, 43 (5/6), 708-734.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2018). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi. 01.01.2018 tarihinde http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059 adresinden erişildi.
Turley, L. W., Milliman, R. E. (2000). Atmospheric Effects on Shopping Behavior: A Review of The Experimental Evidence. Journal of Business Research, 49, 193-211.
Varinli, İ., Acar, N. (2011). Tüketicilerin Alışveriş Yaptıkları Mağazayı Değerlendirmelerinde Etkili Olan Faktörler ile Sadakat Arasındaki İlişki: Kayseri İlinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (1), 97-114.
Velde, M. V. D., Spierings, B. (2010). Consumer Mobility and the Communication of Difference. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 25 (3/4), 191-205.
Verma, H. (2012). Measuring Store Image: An Emprical Study on Some Selected Apparel Retail Stores. Amity Management Review, 2 (2), 2-18.
Vishag, B., Laverie, D. A. (2011). Brand Advocacy and Sales Effort By Retail Salespeople: Antecedents and Influence of Identification with Manufacturers’ Brands. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 31 (2), 123–140.
Weston, R., Gore, P.A. (2006). A Brief Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 719-751.
Whalen, B. (1985). Retail Customer Service: Marketing's Last Frontier. Marketing News,16-18.
MAĞAZA İMAJININ ALIŞVERİŞÇİ HAREKETLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: BURSA İLİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Year 2018,
, 497 - 525, 15.12.2018
Barış Zengin
Serkan Kılıç
Abstract
Alışverişçilerin
sürekli kullandıkları mağazaları değiştirme ya da bırakma yolunu tercih etmesi,
alışverişlerini başka mağazalardan yapması ve bunun için başka mağazalara
gitmesi alışverişçi hareketliliği kavramının oluşmasına sebep olur. Bu
çalışmanın temel amacı, mağaza imajının ve mağaza imajını oluşturan
değişkenlerin alışverişçi hareketliliği üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olup
olmadığının incelenmesidir. Çalışma Bursa ilinde 20 yaşın üzerindeki ve
alışverişlerini kendilerinin yaptığı varsayılan 390 alışverişçi ile yüz yüze
anket yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Anket verileri, SPSS ve AMOS programlarıyla
analiz edilmiş ve modelde oluşturulan hipotezin test edilmesi sağlanmıştır.
Bulunan sonuçlar doğrultusunda mağaza imajının ve mağaza imajını oluşturan
ürün/hizmet çeşitliliği ve kalitesi, satış personeli, fiyat/değer ve mağaza
atmosferinin alışverişçilerin hareketlilikleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye
sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
References
- Aldershof, T. L., Schut, E., Beck, K., Greß, S., Shmueli, A., Voorde, C. V. D. (2004). Consumer Mobility in Social Health Insurance Markets: A Five-Country Comparison. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 4 (3), 229-241.
Anic, I.D., Radas, S. (2016). Boundaries For The Retail Geographical Market and Factors Influencing Shoppers’ Mobility. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 50 (2), 315-341.
Armstrong, G., Kotler, P. (2011). Marketing An Introduction. (10th Ed.), London: Pearson Inc.
Aydın, K. (2013). Perakende Yönetiminin Temelleri. (4.Bs.). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structual Equation Models. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 16 (1), 74-94.
Baumgartner, H., Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing and Consumer Research: A Review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13 (2), 139-161.
Bayçu, S., Arslan, F. M. (2012). Mağaza Atmosferi. Ed. Mine Oyman, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Belwal, R., Belwal, S. (2017). Factors Affecting Store Image and The Choice of Hypermarkets in Oman. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 45 (6), 587-607.
Beristain, J. J., Zorrilla, P. (2011). The Relationship Between Store Image and Store Brand Equity: A Conceptual Framework and Evidence From Hypermarkets. Journal of Retailing And Consumer Services, 18, 562–574.
Berman, B., Evans, J. R. (2004). Retail Management: A Strategic Approach. (9th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Practice Hall.
Briesch, R. A., Chintagunta, P. K., Fox, E. J. (2009). How Does Assortment Affect Grocery Store Choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 46 (2), 176-189.
Burt, S., Carraleroencinas, J. (2000). The Role of Store Image in Retail Internationalisation. International Marketing Review, 17 (4/5), 433-453.
Chaiyasoonthorn, W., Suksa-Ngiam, W. (2011). Factors Influencing Store Patronage: A Study of Modern Retailers in Bangkok Thailand. International Journal of Trade Economics and Finance, 2 (6), 520-525.
Darley, W. K., Lim, J. S. (1999). Effects of Store Image and Attitude Toward Secondhand Stores on Shopping Frequency and Distance Traveled. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 27 (8), 311-318.
Delgado-Ballester, E., Hernandez-Espallardo, M., Rodriguez-Orejuela, A. (2014). Store Image Influences in Consumers’ Perceptions of Store Brands: The Moderating Role of Value Consciousness. European Journal of Marketing, 48 (9/10), 1850-1869.
Diallo, M. F. (2012). Effects of Store Image and Store Brand Price-Image on Store Brand Purchase Intention: Application to An Emerging Market. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19, 360-367.
Dieleman, F. M., Dijst, M., Burghouwt, G. (2002). Urban Form and Travel Behaviour: Micro-Level Household Attributes and Residential Context. Urban Studies, 39 (3), 507-527.
Doucé, L., Janssens, W., Leroi-Werelds, S., Streukens, S. (2016). What to Diffuse in a Gender-Specific Store? The Effect of Male and Female Perfumes on Customer Value and Behaviour. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 15, 271-280.
Erasmus, A. C., Grabowski, A. (2013). Female Customers’ Expectation of the Service Offering and Their Perception of the Service Quality in an Emerging Clothing Market. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37, 2-12.
Erciş, A., Yılmaz, K., Ünal, S. (2008). Tüketicilerin Tercih Ettiği Süpermarkete Yönelik Algıları, Tatmin Duyguları ve Bağlılıkları Arasındaki Farklılıkların Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (2), 97-114.
Grah, M., Tominc, P. (2015). Relationships Among Store Image and Store Loyalty in Slovenia. Naše Gospodarstvo/Our Economy, 61 (6), 28-37.
Güler, E. G. (2009). Otel İşletmelerinde Değer Yaratma ve Müşteri Değeri Algılaması Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Edirne’deki Oteller Örneği. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20 (1), 61-76.
Hsu, M. K., Huang, Y., Swanson, S. (2010). Grocery Store Image, Travel Distance, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions: Evidence From A Midwest College Town. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 38 (2), 115-132.
Hussain, R., Ali, M. (2015). Effect of Store Atmosphere on Consumer Purchase Intention. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 7 (2), 35-43.
Iacobucci, D. (2010). Structural Equations Modeling: Fit Indices, Sample Size, and Advanced Topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20 (1), 90-98.
Ingram, T. N., Raymond W. L., Thomas, W. L. (2002). Selling in the New Millennium: A Joint Agenda. Industrial Marketing Management, 31 (October), 559–606.
Kaufmann, V. Bergman, M.M. and Joye D. (2004). Motility: Mobility as Capital. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28(4), 745-756.
Kesari, B., Atulkar, S. (2016). Satisfaction of Mall Shoppers: A Study on Perceived Utilitarian and Hedonic Shopping Values. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 31, 22-31.
Kılıç, S. (2006). Perakende Gıda İşletmelerinde Özel Markalı Ürünler ve Türkiye Açısından Bir İnceleme. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
Koul, S., Mishra, H. G. (2013). Customer Perceptions For Store Attrıbutes: A Study of Traditional Retail Stores in India. Journal of Business & Economics, 5 (1), 79-103.
Kumar, V, Leone, Robert P. (1988) Measuring The Effect of Retail Store Promotions on Brand and Store Substitution. Journal of Marketing Research (Jmr), 25 (2) , 178-185.
Kurşunluoğlu, E. (2012). Mağazalı Perakendeciler ve Müşteri Servisleri. Journal of Yasar University, 4 (14), 2173-2184.
Kurtuluş, M., Nakkas, A. (2011). Retail Assortment Planning Under Category Captainship. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 13 (1), 124-142.
Külter, B. (2011). Mağaza Özelliklerinin Perakendeci Marka Tercihi Üzerindeki Etkisi. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7 (14), 164-182.
Luceri, B., Latusi, S. (2016). The Cross-Shopping Behaviour: Patterns of Store Format Mobility in the Apparel Sector. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 44 (1), 89-104.
Michel, G., Merk, M., Eroglu, S. (2015). Salesperson–Brand Relationship: Main Dimensions and Impact within the Context of Private Brand Retailing. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 35 (4), 314-333.
Miller, C. M., Smith, S. A., Mcintyre, S. H., Achabal, D. D., (2010). Optimizing and Evaluating Retail Assortments for Infrequently Purchased Products. Journal of Retailing, 86 (2), 159-171.
Oğuz, V. G., Gürdal, S. (2017). Perakende Sektöründe Mağaza Atmosferinin Satış Personeli Performansı Üzerine Etkileri: Hazır Giyim Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3 (8), 41-54.
Olson, E.M., Orville, C. W. Jr., Robert, V. R. (1995). Organizing for Effective New Product Development: The Moderating Role of Product/Service Innovativeness. Journal of Marketing, 59 (January), 48-62.
Popkowski, L. P., Timmermans, H. (1997). Store-Switching Behavior. Marketing Letters, 8 (2), 193-204.
Reynolds, K. E., Arnold, M. J. (2000). Customer Loyalty To The Salesperson and The Store: Examining Relationship Customers in An Upscale Retail Context. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 20 (2), 89-98.
Rhee, H., Bell, D. R. (2002). The Inter-Store Mobility of Supermarket Shoppers. Journal of Retailing, 78, 225–237.
Roy S., Ghosh, L. (2013). Understanding Apparel Store Image: A Scale Development Approach. Journal of Services Research, 13 (2), 53-70
Steenkamp, J.-B., Wedel, M. (1991). Segmenting Retail Markets on Store Image Using A Consumer-Based Methodology. Journal of Retailing, 63 (3), 300-320.
Suel, E. (2016) Modelling the Relationship between Multi-Channel Retail and Personal Mobility Behaviour, PhD Thesis, Imperial College, London.
Sullivan, M., Adcock, D. (2002). Retail Marketing. London: Cengage Learning Emea.
Survey System. (2018). Sample Size Calculator. 12.03.2018 tarihinde https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm#one adresinden erişildi.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidel, S. L. (2012). Using Multivariate Statistics. (6th Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Inc.
Tatlı, H. (2014). Market Müşterilerinin Tercihini Etkileyen Faktörler: Bingöl İli Örneği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10 (1), 233- 252.
Tek, Ö. B. (1984). Perakende Pazarlama Yönetimi. İzmir: Üçel Yayıncılık.
Theodoridis, P. K., Chatzipanagiotou, K. C. (2009). Store Image Attributes and Customer Satisfaction Across Different Customer Profiles Within The Supermarket Sector in Greece. European Journal of Marketing, 43 (5/6), 708-734.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2018). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi. 01.01.2018 tarihinde http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059 adresinden erişildi.
Turley, L. W., Milliman, R. E. (2000). Atmospheric Effects on Shopping Behavior: A Review of The Experimental Evidence. Journal of Business Research, 49, 193-211.
Varinli, İ., Acar, N. (2011). Tüketicilerin Alışveriş Yaptıkları Mağazayı Değerlendirmelerinde Etkili Olan Faktörler ile Sadakat Arasındaki İlişki: Kayseri İlinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (1), 97-114.
Velde, M. V. D., Spierings, B. (2010). Consumer Mobility and the Communication of Difference. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 25 (3/4), 191-205.
Verma, H. (2012). Measuring Store Image: An Emprical Study on Some Selected Apparel Retail Stores. Amity Management Review, 2 (2), 2-18.
Vishag, B., Laverie, D. A. (2011). Brand Advocacy and Sales Effort By Retail Salespeople: Antecedents and Influence of Identification with Manufacturers’ Brands. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 31 (2), 123–140.
Weston, R., Gore, P.A. (2006). A Brief Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 719-751.
Whalen, B. (1985). Retail Customer Service: Marketing's Last Frontier. Marketing News,16-18.