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BARIŞA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARIN ÖZSAYGI VE CİNSİYET DEĞİŞKENLERİYLE İNCELENMESİ

Year 2009, Volume: 12 Issue: 21, 23 - 31, 01.06.2009

Ali Eryılmaz

Abstract

Problem Durumu: Pozitif psikolojinin gelişimi ile birlikte, psikolojide iyimserlik, öznel iyi oluş ve barış gibi pozitif yapılara ilişkin çalışmaların giderek arttığı görülmektedir. Barış psikolojisi ve pozitif psikoloji, bir araya gelerek toplumların daha iyi konuma gelmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu katkının oluşmasında bilimsel çalışmaların temel oluşturması bir zorunluluk olarak görülmektedir. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, barışa yönelik tutumların öz saygı ve cinsiyet değişkenleri açısından incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya ergenlik, beliren yetişkinlik, yetişkinlik, orta yetişkinlik ve ileri yetişkinlik dönemlerinden toplam 471 kişi katılmıştır 222 kadın ve 249 erkek . Çalışmada, Rosenberg Özsaygı Ölçeği ve Barışa Yönelik Tutumlar Ölçeği PALİS: Peace Attitudes Li’Scale kullanılmıştır. Barışa yönelik tutumların cinsiyet açısından fark gösterip göstermediği, “Bağımsız Gruplar İçin T-Testi” yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Özsaygı ve barışa yönelik tutumlar arasındaki ilişki, “Pearson Korrelasyonu” yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular ve Sonuçlar: Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda barışa yönelik tutumlar açısından cinsiyete dayalı fark bulunmuştur p < .01, t= -2.61 . Kadınların, erkeklere oranla barışa yönelik tutumlarının daha olumlu olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Özsaygı ile barışa yönelik tutumlar arasında orta düzeyde pozitif yönde bir ilişki bulunmuştur p

Keywords

Barışa Yönelik Tutumlar Cinsiyet Özsaygı

References

  • Adams, D. (1991). (Editor and Commentator). The seville statement on violence. Preparing the Ground for the Constructing of Peace. Paris, UNESCO.
  • Baldwin, SA & Hoffmann, JP. (2002). The dynamics of self-esteem: A growth- curve analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31 (2), 101-113.
  • Bunch, C. and Roxanna C. (1998). Global violence against women: the challenge to human rights and development. in Michael T. Klare and Yogesh Chandrani, eds., World Security. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 229-248.
  • Bunc, C., & Carrillo, R. (1998). Global violence against women: The challenge to human rights and development. In M. T. Klare & Y. Chandrani (Eds.), World security: Challenges for a new century (pp. 229-272). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self esteemcause better performance, interpersonal success,happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1-44.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: Does violence result from low self-esteem or from threatened egotism?Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 141-156.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5-33
  • Cairns, E., & Darby, J. (1998). The confilict in Northern Ireland: Causes,ocnsequences, and controls. American Psychologist, 53, 754-760.
  • Christies, D. M.,Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. D. (Eds.). (2001). Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall
  • Christie, D.J. (2006). What is peace psychology the psychology of? Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 1 - 17.
  • Christie, R. V. Wagner & D. D. N. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence. (pp. 110 119).Upper SaddleRiver, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Çuhadaroğlu F. (1985). Gençlerde benlik saygısı ile ilgili bir araştırma. XXI. Ulusal Psikiyatri ve Nöroloji Bilimleri Kongresi, Mersin.
  • Deiner,E, Deiner, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653-663.
  • Diener, E., (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness, and a proposal for a national index. American. Psychologist. 55, 34–43.
  • Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., &Caspi, A. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16, 328–335.
  • Eryılmaz, A. Perceived control to start romantic intimacy at adolescence and young adulthood periods. paper presented at the Xth Conference of European Association for Research on Adolescence, Antalya, Turkey, May 2–6 2006.
  • Eryılmaz, A. & Atak, H. Kız ergenlerin bakış açısıyla kadınlık ve erkeklik toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargıları: “Ah Bir de özgür olsam”. 1. Psikoloji Lisansüstü Öğrencileri Kongresi, İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye, 21–24 Haziran, 2007.
  • Eryılmaz, A. Investıgaton of peace attıtudes wıth respect to gender, Paper presented at World Conference of International Association of Child andAdolsecentPsychiarty and Allied Disciplines (IACAPAP) Conference, İstanbul, Turkey, April 30- May 3, 2008.
  • Eckhardt, W. (1973). Resarch and education as approaches to peace and justice. Peace and Change, 1, 3, 44 – 60
  • Gelles, R. J. , & Straus, M. A. (1988). Intimate violence: The causes and consequences of abuse in the American family. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Guneri, O., Sumer, Z. & Yıldırım, A. (1999). Sources of self-identity among Turkish adolescents, Adolescence. 34, 135, 535-546.
  • Jacklin, C.N., & Baker, L.A. (1993). Early gender development. In S. Oskamp & M.Costanzo (Eds.), Gender issues in contemporary society (pp. 41–58). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Kagıtcıbası, C. (2000). Kültürel psikoloji. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
  • Lueptow, L.B. & Garovich, L. (1995). The Persistence of Gender Stereotypes in the Face of Changing Sex Roles: Evidence Contrary to the Sociocultural Model. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16: 509-530.
  • Lott, B., & Maluso, D. (2001). Gender development: social learning. In J. Worell (Ed.),Encyclopedia of gender (pp. 537-549). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • McKay, S. & de la Rey, C. (2001). Women’s meanings of peacebuilding in post- apartheid south africa, peace and conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 7(3), 227–242.
  • Montiel, C. J. (2001). Toward a psychology of structural peacebuilding In D. J. Christie & R.
  • V. Wagner & D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century (pp. 282-294). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Pederson, P. B. (2001). The cultural context of peacemaking. In D. J. Christie, R. V.. Wagner, & D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence: peace psychology fort he 21st century (pp. 183-182). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Ryan, M. J. (1998). Receiver biases, sexual selection and the evolution of sex differences. Science, 281,1999-2003.
  • Skinner, E.A. (1995). Perceived control, motivation, & coping. London: Sage Publications.
  • Skinner, E.A. (1996). A guide to consructs of control. Journal of Personality and Social Pscyhology, 71, 549-570.
  • Suffla, S. & Seedat. M.(2001). The role of political leadership and organised psychology in South African reconciliation: echoes of accommodation and dissent. Institute for Social and Health Sciences Monograph Series, 2 (2), 3- 21.
  • Suffla, S., Van Niekerk, A. (Eds.) & N. Duncan (Consulting Ed.) (2004). Crime, violence andinjury prevention in South Africa: developments and challenges. Tygerberg: MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme.
  • Sanson, A., & Bretherton, D. (2001). Conflict resolution: theoretical and practical issues. In Christie, J. D., Wagner, R. V., & Dunann Winter, D. (Eds) Peace, Conflict and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century. Prentice-Hall Inc: New Jersey
  • Seligman, M.E.P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 514
  • Tarhan, S. (1995). Lise öğrencilerinin beden imajlarından hoşnut olma düzeylerinin özsaygıları ve akademik başarıları üzerindeki etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • TDHS-2003, Turkey demographic and health survey. (2004). Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Varlı, O. (1999). Özel ve devlet ilköğretim okullarında öğrenim gören dördüncü sınıf Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara. benlik kavramı düzeylerinin incelenmesi.
  • Yorulmaz, A. & Eryılmaz, A. Ergen öznel iyi oluşunun özsaygı ve iyimserlik eğilimi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Ulusal 14. Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 6-8 Eylül,2006
  • Wagner, R. V., de Rivera, J., & Watkins, M. (1988). Psychology and promotion of peace. Journal of Social Issues, 44 (2). 1-219
  • Webster, G. D., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2005). Behavioral and self-reported aggression as a function of domain-specific self-esteem. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 17-34
  • Wessels M. & Bretherton D. (2000). ‘Psychological reconciliation: National and international perspectives, Australian Psychologist, 109. 35-55.
  • Wessels M & Monteiro, C.(2001). Psychological interventions and post-war reconstruction inAngola: Interweaving Western and traditional approaches. In D. J. Christie, R. V. Wagner& D. D. N. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence. (pp. 110-119). Upper SaddleRiver, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Wiederman, M. W., & Hurst, S. R. (1998). Body size, physical attractiveness, and body image among young adult women: Relationships to sexual experience and sexual esteem. The Journal of Sex Research, 35, 272-281.

Investigating the Peace Attitudes with Respect to Self -Esteem and Gender

Year 2009, Volume: 12 Issue: 21, 23 - 31, 01.06.2009

Ali Eryılmaz

Abstract

Problem Statement: It can be seen that studies which are about subjective well-being, optimism and peace have increased since positive psychology was developed. Societies can get better positions by means of positive psychology and peace psychology. We need scientific studies so as to establish this structure. The Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the peace attitudes with respect to self esteem and gender. Method: 471 persons 249 male; 222 female who are adolescents, emerging adults, adults, middle adults and old adults were participated. Peace Attitudes Li’Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used. In the study Independent-Samples T-Test and Pearson Correlation methods were used. Results / Findings: Female’s peace attitudes were more positive p

Keywords

Peace Attitudes Gender Self-Esteem

References

  • Adams, D. (1991). (Editor and Commentator). The seville statement on violence. Preparing the Ground for the Constructing of Peace. Paris, UNESCO.
  • Baldwin, SA & Hoffmann, JP. (2002). The dynamics of self-esteem: A growth- curve analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31 (2), 101-113.
  • Bunch, C. and Roxanna C. (1998). Global violence against women: the challenge to human rights and development. in Michael T. Klare and Yogesh Chandrani, eds., World Security. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 229-248.
  • Bunc, C., & Carrillo, R. (1998). Global violence against women: The challenge to human rights and development. In M. T. Klare & Y. Chandrani (Eds.), World security: Challenges for a new century (pp. 229-272). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self esteemcause better performance, interpersonal success,happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1-44.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: Does violence result from low self-esteem or from threatened egotism?Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 141-156.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5-33
  • Cairns, E., & Darby, J. (1998). The confilict in Northern Ireland: Causes,ocnsequences, and controls. American Psychologist, 53, 754-760.
  • Christies, D. M.,Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. D. (Eds.). (2001). Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall
  • Christie, D.J. (2006). What is peace psychology the psychology of? Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 1 - 17.
  • Christie, R. V. Wagner & D. D. N. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence. (pp. 110 119).Upper SaddleRiver, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Çuhadaroğlu F. (1985). Gençlerde benlik saygısı ile ilgili bir araştırma. XXI. Ulusal Psikiyatri ve Nöroloji Bilimleri Kongresi, Mersin.
  • Deiner,E, Deiner, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653-663.
  • Diener, E., (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness, and a proposal for a national index. American. Psychologist. 55, 34–43.
  • Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., &Caspi, A. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16, 328–335.
  • Eryılmaz, A. Perceived control to start romantic intimacy at adolescence and young adulthood periods. paper presented at the Xth Conference of European Association for Research on Adolescence, Antalya, Turkey, May 2–6 2006.
  • Eryılmaz, A. & Atak, H. Kız ergenlerin bakış açısıyla kadınlık ve erkeklik toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargıları: “Ah Bir de özgür olsam”. 1. Psikoloji Lisansüstü Öğrencileri Kongresi, İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye, 21–24 Haziran, 2007.
  • Eryılmaz, A. Investıgaton of peace attıtudes wıth respect to gender, Paper presented at World Conference of International Association of Child andAdolsecentPsychiarty and Allied Disciplines (IACAPAP) Conference, İstanbul, Turkey, April 30- May 3, 2008.
  • Eckhardt, W. (1973). Resarch and education as approaches to peace and justice. Peace and Change, 1, 3, 44 – 60
  • Gelles, R. J. , & Straus, M. A. (1988). Intimate violence: The causes and consequences of abuse in the American family. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Guneri, O., Sumer, Z. & Yıldırım, A. (1999). Sources of self-identity among Turkish adolescents, Adolescence. 34, 135, 535-546.
  • Jacklin, C.N., & Baker, L.A. (1993). Early gender development. In S. Oskamp & M.Costanzo (Eds.), Gender issues in contemporary society (pp. 41–58). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Kagıtcıbası, C. (2000). Kültürel psikoloji. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
  • Lueptow, L.B. & Garovich, L. (1995). The Persistence of Gender Stereotypes in the Face of Changing Sex Roles: Evidence Contrary to the Sociocultural Model. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16: 509-530.
  • Lott, B., & Maluso, D. (2001). Gender development: social learning. In J. Worell (Ed.),Encyclopedia of gender (pp. 537-549). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • McKay, S. & de la Rey, C. (2001). Women’s meanings of peacebuilding in post- apartheid south africa, peace and conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 7(3), 227–242.
  • Montiel, C. J. (2001). Toward a psychology of structural peacebuilding In D. J. Christie & R.
  • V. Wagner & D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century (pp. 282-294). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Pederson, P. B. (2001). The cultural context of peacemaking. In D. J. Christie, R. V.. Wagner, & D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence: peace psychology fort he 21st century (pp. 183-182). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Ryan, M. J. (1998). Receiver biases, sexual selection and the evolution of sex differences. Science, 281,1999-2003.
  • Skinner, E.A. (1995). Perceived control, motivation, & coping. London: Sage Publications.
  • Skinner, E.A. (1996). A guide to consructs of control. Journal of Personality and Social Pscyhology, 71, 549-570.
  • Suffla, S. & Seedat. M.(2001). The role of political leadership and organised psychology in South African reconciliation: echoes of accommodation and dissent. Institute for Social and Health Sciences Monograph Series, 2 (2), 3- 21.
  • Suffla, S., Van Niekerk, A. (Eds.) & N. Duncan (Consulting Ed.) (2004). Crime, violence andinjury prevention in South Africa: developments and challenges. Tygerberg: MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme.
  • Sanson, A., & Bretherton, D. (2001). Conflict resolution: theoretical and practical issues. In Christie, J. D., Wagner, R. V., & Dunann Winter, D. (Eds) Peace, Conflict and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century. Prentice-Hall Inc: New Jersey
  • Seligman, M.E.P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 514
  • Tarhan, S. (1995). Lise öğrencilerinin beden imajlarından hoşnut olma düzeylerinin özsaygıları ve akademik başarıları üzerindeki etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • TDHS-2003, Turkey demographic and health survey. (2004). Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Varlı, O. (1999). Özel ve devlet ilköğretim okullarında öğrenim gören dördüncü sınıf Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara. benlik kavramı düzeylerinin incelenmesi.
  • Yorulmaz, A. & Eryılmaz, A. Ergen öznel iyi oluşunun özsaygı ve iyimserlik eğilimi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Ulusal 14. Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 6-8 Eylül,2006
  • Wagner, R. V., de Rivera, J., & Watkins, M. (1988). Psychology and promotion of peace. Journal of Social Issues, 44 (2). 1-219
  • Webster, G. D., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2005). Behavioral and self-reported aggression as a function of domain-specific self-esteem. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 17-34
  • Wessels M. & Bretherton D. (2000). ‘Psychological reconciliation: National and international perspectives, Australian Psychologist, 109. 35-55.
  • Wessels M & Monteiro, C.(2001). Psychological interventions and post-war reconstruction inAngola: Interweaving Western and traditional approaches. In D. J. Christie, R. V. Wagner& D. D. N. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence. (pp. 110-119). Upper SaddleRiver, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Wiederman, M. W., & Hurst, S. R. (1998). Body size, physical attractiveness, and body image among young adult women: Relationships to sexual experience and sexual esteem. The Journal of Sex Research, 35, 272-281.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Eryılmaz This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 12 Issue: 21

Cite

APA Eryılmaz, A. (2009). BARIŞA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARIN ÖZSAYGI VE CİNSİYET DEĞİŞKENLERİYLE İNCELENMESİ. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(21), 23-31.

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