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WHAT AFFECTS EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AT IT PROJECTS IN TURKEY? THE IMPACT OF LEADER COMMUNICATION, WAGE SATISFACTION, AND JOB OPPORTUNITIES AT IT PROJECTS EMPLOYEE’S

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 44, 1041 - 1067, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.693187

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing employee motivation and performance of information technology projects in Turkey and the perception of employee motivation next to it and investigate the effect of redundancy request. The employee on different IT projects was selected in Turkey for this study. Seven hypotheses were developed and tested by using literature studies and survey data obtained together. For the hypothesis tests, structural equation modeling was performed by using SPSS and AMOS programs. As a result of the application, five hypotheses were accepted, and two hypotheses were rejected. According to the results of the analysis, it is seen that employee-manager relationships and wage satisfaction have a positive effect on employee motivation. In addition, the hypothesis that the relationship between employee and manager affects performance other than motivation was supported. Also, perceived alternative job opportunities were found to have a positive effect on willingness to leave and a negative impact on employee motivation. The results were interpreted in support of the literature, and suggestions were made to shed light on future studies, and the study was completed in this way.

References

  • Ashford, S. J., Lee, C. and Bobko, P. (1989) Content, Causes and Consequences of Job Insecurity: A Theory Based-Measure and Substantive Test. Academy of Management Journal, 32(4), 803- 829.
  • Aydın, M. (2000). Eğitim Yönetimi. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Yayınevi.
  • Beckova, M. (2004). Spokojenost Zákazníka, Způsoby Využití Zpětné Vazby. Praha: Verlag Dashöfer.
  • Bodla, M. A. and Hameed, A. (2008). Controllable vs. Uncontrollable Factors of Employee Turnover Intentions: An Empirical Evidence from Textile Sector of Pakistan. Proceedings of International Conference on Business and Management 17th-20th Nov. Bangkok
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98.
  • Djunaedi, N., Yulianti, M. L. and Lasminingrat, A. (2017). Determinant of Work Motivation and It's Implication on Performance of Vocational Teachers In West Java Province. Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia: Winaya Mukti University.
  • Dursun, Y. and Kocagöz, E. (2010).Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi Ve Regresyon: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Erciyes Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (35), 1-17.
  • Dwivedula, R. and Bredillet, C. N. 2010. Profiling Work Motivation of Project Workers. International Journal of Project Management, (28), 158-165.
  • Eymen, U. E. (2007). SPSS 15.0 Ile Veri Analizi. İstatistik Merkezi.
  • Forrest, C. (December 10, 2019). Software had the highest job turnover rate of any industry in 2017. (March 15, 2018) [online] Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/software-had-the-highest-job-turnover-rate-of-any-industry-in-2017/
  • Gaskin, J. (2012). Group Differences And Validity Master. Stats Tools Package.
  • George, D. and Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 17.0 Update. (10th Edition), Boston: Pearson.
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L. and Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM Or CB-SEM: Updated Guidelines On Which Method To Use. Int. J. Multivariate Data Analysis 1, 107–123.
  • Haladyna, T. M. (1999). Developing And Validating Multiple-Choice Exam Items. (2nd Ed). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Handoko, T. H. (2000). Human Resources and Human Resource Management. (2nd Ed). Yogyakarta: BPFE.
  • Hwang, I. S. and Kuo, J. H. (2006). Effects Of Job Satisfaction And Perceived Alternative Employment Opportunities On Turnover Intention-An Examination Of Public Sector Organization. Journal of American Academy of Business Cambridge. 8 (2), 254-259.
  • Jung, H. S. (2001). Establishment of overall workload assessment technique for various tasks and workplaces. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. (28), 341-353.
  • Katz, R. (1998). Motivation Leads to Innovation. Information Week. 9/14/98, 700. 294
  • Kaya, İ. and İlban M. O. (2019). Determination of the Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment of Marketing Employees: The Case of Edremit Gulf. Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute 22 (41).
  • Khan, A., I. and Zakirullah, Z. (2016). Relationship Between Employees Motivation and Turnover Intention: Empirical Study of Traffic Police of District. Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences. 2 (2), 113-127.
  • Kıdak, L. and Aksaraylı, M. (2009). Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Motivasyon Faktörleri. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 7 (1).
  • Miller, J. (December 10, 2019). Why do software engineers change jobs so frequently? (February 6, 2018) [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/02/06/why-do-software-engineers-change-jobs-so-frequently/
  • Örücü, E , Esenkal, F . (2005). Konaklama İşletmelerinde İş Gören Tatminini Etkileyen Faktörler Bandirma Ve Erdek Örneği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 8 (14) , 141-166 . Retrieved From Https://Dergipark.Org.Tr/En/Pub/Baunsobed/Issue/50338/651835
  • Öztürk, Z. and Dündar, H. (2003). Örgütsel Motivasyon Ve Kamu Çalışanlarını Motive Eden Faktörler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 4, (2).
  • Prentice, W. C. H. (2004). Understanding Leadership. Harvard Business Review. January, 102-109.
  • Robbins, P.S. (2003). Organizational Behavior. Prentice-Hall. (10 ed.). 675.
  • Robbins, S. and Judge, T. (2012). Örgütsel Davranış (Çev. Prof. Dr. İnci Erdem). İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Robbins, S. P. (1998). Organizational Behavior, Concepts, Controversies, Applications. 8th Ed. Prentice-Hall. Int., 168.
  • Roznowski, C. L., M. and Hachiya, D. (1985). Alternative Opportunities and Withdrawal Decisions: Empirical and Theoretical Discrepancies and Integration. Psychological Bulletin. (97), 233-250.
  • Sakchaicharoenkul, R. (2009). Turnover information technology professionals in Thailand. Doctoral dissertation. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. UMI No. 3390448.
  • Schumacker, R. E. and Lomax, R. G. A. (2004). Beginners’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Seiler, S., Lent B., Pinkowska, M. and Pinazza, M. (2012). An Integrated Model of Factors Influencing Project Managers’ Motivation-Finding From a Swiss Survey. International Journal of Project Management, 30, 60-72.
  • Sonnentag, S., and Frese, M. (2002). Performance Concepts and Performance Theory, In S. Sonnentag (Ed.) Psychological Management of Individual Performance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 4-25.
  • Şimşek, M. Ş. (2002). Yönetim ve Organizasyon. Konya: Günay Ofset.
  • Thatcher, J. B., Stepnia, L. P. and Boyle, R. J. (2003). Turnover of Information Technology Workers: Examining Empirically the Influence of Attitudes, Job Characteristics and External Markets. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19, (3), 231-261.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysıs: Understanding Concepts and Applications. Washington: American Psychological Association.
  • Üçüncü, K. (2016). İş Tatmini ve Motivasyon. Trabzon: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
  • Ünsar, A. S. (2011). Motivasyonunun İşten Ayrılma Eğilimine Etkisi: Bir Alan Araştırması. Kirgizistan: İktisat ve Girişimcilik Üniversitesi, Türk Dünyası Kırgız -Türk Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Verner, J. M., Babar, M. A., Cerpa, N., Hall, T. and Beecham, S. (2014). Factors That Motivate Software Engineering Teams: A Four Country Empirical Study. The Journal of Systems and Software, (92), 115-127.
  • Weiner, I. V., Schmitt, N. W. and Highhouse, S. (2013). Handbook of Psychology, Industrial and Organizational Psychology. (2nd Ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Yılmaz, M. K., 2011. Çalışanların Liderlik Tiplerine İlişkin Algılamaları İle Motivasyon İlişkisi: Özel Sektör Ve Kamu Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.

Türkiye'deki BT Projelerinin Çalışan Motivasyonunu Ne Etkiler? Lider İletişiminin, Ücret Memnuniyetinin ve İş Fırsatlarının Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 44, 1041 - 1067, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.693187

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki bilgi teknolojisi projelerinde çalışan motivasyonunu ve performansını etkileyen faktörleri ve bunların işten çıkarılmaya etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışma için Türkiye'de farklı BT projelerinde çalışanlarla temasa geçilmiştir. Literatür çalışması sonrasında oluşturulan yedi hipotez, elde edilen anket verileri kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Hipotez testleri için SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılarak yapısal eşitlik modellemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda beş hipotez kabul edilmiş ve iki hipotez reddedilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre çalışan-yönetici ilişkilerinin ve ücret memnuniyetinin çalışanların motivasyonu üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, çalışan ve yönetici arasındaki ilişkinin motivasyon dışında performansı da etkilediği hipotezi desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca, algılanan alternatif iş fırsatlarının ayrılma isteği üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi ve çalışanların motivasyonu üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar literatürle desteklenerek yorumlanmış ve gelecekteki çalışmalara ışık tutmak için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Ashford, S. J., Lee, C. and Bobko, P. (1989) Content, Causes and Consequences of Job Insecurity: A Theory Based-Measure and Substantive Test. Academy of Management Journal, 32(4), 803- 829.
  • Aydın, M. (2000). Eğitim Yönetimi. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Yayınevi.
  • Beckova, M. (2004). Spokojenost Zákazníka, Způsoby Využití Zpětné Vazby. Praha: Verlag Dashöfer.
  • Bodla, M. A. and Hameed, A. (2008). Controllable vs. Uncontrollable Factors of Employee Turnover Intentions: An Empirical Evidence from Textile Sector of Pakistan. Proceedings of International Conference on Business and Management 17th-20th Nov. Bangkok
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98.
  • Djunaedi, N., Yulianti, M. L. and Lasminingrat, A. (2017). Determinant of Work Motivation and It's Implication on Performance of Vocational Teachers In West Java Province. Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia: Winaya Mukti University.
  • Dursun, Y. and Kocagöz, E. (2010).Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi Ve Regresyon: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Erciyes Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (35), 1-17.
  • Dwivedula, R. and Bredillet, C. N. 2010. Profiling Work Motivation of Project Workers. International Journal of Project Management, (28), 158-165.
  • Eymen, U. E. (2007). SPSS 15.0 Ile Veri Analizi. İstatistik Merkezi.
  • Forrest, C. (December 10, 2019). Software had the highest job turnover rate of any industry in 2017. (March 15, 2018) [online] Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/software-had-the-highest-job-turnover-rate-of-any-industry-in-2017/
  • Gaskin, J. (2012). Group Differences And Validity Master. Stats Tools Package.
  • George, D. and Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 17.0 Update. (10th Edition), Boston: Pearson.
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L. and Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM Or CB-SEM: Updated Guidelines On Which Method To Use. Int. J. Multivariate Data Analysis 1, 107–123.
  • Haladyna, T. M. (1999). Developing And Validating Multiple-Choice Exam Items. (2nd Ed). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Handoko, T. H. (2000). Human Resources and Human Resource Management. (2nd Ed). Yogyakarta: BPFE.
  • Hwang, I. S. and Kuo, J. H. (2006). Effects Of Job Satisfaction And Perceived Alternative Employment Opportunities On Turnover Intention-An Examination Of Public Sector Organization. Journal of American Academy of Business Cambridge. 8 (2), 254-259.
  • Jung, H. S. (2001). Establishment of overall workload assessment technique for various tasks and workplaces. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. (28), 341-353.
  • Katz, R. (1998). Motivation Leads to Innovation. Information Week. 9/14/98, 700. 294
  • Kaya, İ. and İlban M. O. (2019). Determination of the Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment of Marketing Employees: The Case of Edremit Gulf. Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute 22 (41).
  • Khan, A., I. and Zakirullah, Z. (2016). Relationship Between Employees Motivation and Turnover Intention: Empirical Study of Traffic Police of District. Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences. 2 (2), 113-127.
  • Kıdak, L. and Aksaraylı, M. (2009). Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Motivasyon Faktörleri. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 7 (1).
  • Miller, J. (December 10, 2019). Why do software engineers change jobs so frequently? (February 6, 2018) [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/02/06/why-do-software-engineers-change-jobs-so-frequently/
  • Örücü, E , Esenkal, F . (2005). Konaklama İşletmelerinde İş Gören Tatminini Etkileyen Faktörler Bandirma Ve Erdek Örneği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 8 (14) , 141-166 . Retrieved From Https://Dergipark.Org.Tr/En/Pub/Baunsobed/Issue/50338/651835
  • Öztürk, Z. and Dündar, H. (2003). Örgütsel Motivasyon Ve Kamu Çalışanlarını Motive Eden Faktörler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 4, (2).
  • Prentice, W. C. H. (2004). Understanding Leadership. Harvard Business Review. January, 102-109.
  • Robbins, P.S. (2003). Organizational Behavior. Prentice-Hall. (10 ed.). 675.
  • Robbins, S. and Judge, T. (2012). Örgütsel Davranış (Çev. Prof. Dr. İnci Erdem). İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Robbins, S. P. (1998). Organizational Behavior, Concepts, Controversies, Applications. 8th Ed. Prentice-Hall. Int., 168.
  • Roznowski, C. L., M. and Hachiya, D. (1985). Alternative Opportunities and Withdrawal Decisions: Empirical and Theoretical Discrepancies and Integration. Psychological Bulletin. (97), 233-250.
  • Sakchaicharoenkul, R. (2009). Turnover information technology professionals in Thailand. Doctoral dissertation. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. UMI No. 3390448.
  • Schumacker, R. E. and Lomax, R. G. A. (2004). Beginners’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Seiler, S., Lent B., Pinkowska, M. and Pinazza, M. (2012). An Integrated Model of Factors Influencing Project Managers’ Motivation-Finding From a Swiss Survey. International Journal of Project Management, 30, 60-72.
  • Sonnentag, S., and Frese, M. (2002). Performance Concepts and Performance Theory, In S. Sonnentag (Ed.) Psychological Management of Individual Performance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 4-25.
  • Şimşek, M. Ş. (2002). Yönetim ve Organizasyon. Konya: Günay Ofset.
  • Thatcher, J. B., Stepnia, L. P. and Boyle, R. J. (2003). Turnover of Information Technology Workers: Examining Empirically the Influence of Attitudes, Job Characteristics and External Markets. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19, (3), 231-261.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysıs: Understanding Concepts and Applications. Washington: American Psychological Association.
  • Üçüncü, K. (2016). İş Tatmini ve Motivasyon. Trabzon: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
  • Ünsar, A. S. (2011). Motivasyonunun İşten Ayrılma Eğilimine Etkisi: Bir Alan Araştırması. Kirgizistan: İktisat ve Girişimcilik Üniversitesi, Türk Dünyası Kırgız -Türk Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Verner, J. M., Babar, M. A., Cerpa, N., Hall, T. and Beecham, S. (2014). Factors That Motivate Software Engineering Teams: A Four Country Empirical Study. The Journal of Systems and Software, (92), 115-127.
  • Weiner, I. V., Schmitt, N. W. and Highhouse, S. (2013). Handbook of Psychology, Industrial and Organizational Psychology. (2nd Ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Yılmaz, M. K., 2011. Çalışanların Liderlik Tiplerine İlişkin Algılamaları İle Motivasyon İlişkisi: Özel Sektör Ve Kamu Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Business
Authors

Cemil Ceylan 0000-0001-9353-0235

Hande Yavaş This is me 0000-0003-3101-4168

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date February 23, 2020
Acceptance Date October 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 23 Issue: 44

Cite

APA Ceylan, C., & Yavaş, H. (2020). WHAT AFFECTS EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AT IT PROJECTS IN TURKEY? THE IMPACT OF LEADER COMMUNICATION, WAGE SATISFACTION, AND JOB OPPORTUNITIES AT IT PROJECTS EMPLOYEE’S. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(44), 1041-1067. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.693187

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