Research Article

Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers' Vital Signs and Safety

Number: 2026 November 2, 2026
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Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers' Vital Signs and Safety

Abstract

Underground mines are high-risk working environments where hazardous gases, oxygen deficiency, elevated temperature, physical fatigue, and limited access to workers can lead to severe safety incidents. Delays in detecting dangerous conditions and initiating emergency responses can further increase the consequences of such incidents. This study proposes a conceptual intelligent Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for real-time monitoring of both workers' physiological conditions and their surrounding environmental conditions in underground mines. The proposed architecture consists of three main layers: a smart vest, a tunnel communication layer, and a central control station. The smart vest integrates physiological and environmental sensors to collect data such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature, motion status, methane, carbon monoxide, ambient oxygen concentration, temperature, and humidity. An ESP32-based processing unit is considered for local data acquisition and preliminary processing, while LoRa-based communication nodes are proposed to transmit data through underground tunnels. A central control station based on a Raspberry Pi is designed to receive, store, visualize, and manage monitoring data and emergency alerts. A threshold-based decision mechanism is initially considered for identifying potentially hazardous conditions, while the architecture is designed to support future integration of machine learning methods for personalized anomaly detection and predictive safety monitoring. The study provides a technical evaluation of the proposed architecture, its components, communication structure, operational scenarios, and implementation limitations. As a conceptual design, the proposed system does not claim field-tested performance; rather, it provides a structured framework for future prototype development, laboratory evaluation, and deployment in underground mining environments.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No supporting institution.

Ethical Statement

This study did not involve human participants, animals, or identifiable personal data. Therefore, ethical committee approval was not required.

Thanks

The author would like to thank the individuals and organizations whose publicly available technical documentation supported the conceptual development of this study.

References

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  6. IECEx. (n.d.). IECEx Certified Equipment Scheme: Overview. https://www.iecex.com/certified-equipment-scheme/overview/ (accessed 14 October 2026).
  7. International Labour Organization. (2009). Safety and health in underground coalmines: ILO code of practice. Geneva: ILO. https://researchrepository.ilo.org/esploro/outputs/995218841102676
  8. Jiang, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., & Yang, G. (2024). Real-time monitoring of underground miners’ status based on mine IoT system. Sensors, 24(3), 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030739

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Cyberphysical Systems and Internet of Things, Adversarial Machine Learning, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Intelligent Robotics, Artificial Intelligence (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

November 2, 2026

Submission Date

September 1, 2026

Acceptance Date

November 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 2026

APA
Darzi, M. H. (2026). Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety. Computer Science, 2026. https://doi.org/10.53070/bbd.2031016
AMA
1.Darzi MH. Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety. JCS. 2026;(2026). doi:10.53070/bbd.2031016
Chicago
Darzi, Mohammad Hossein. 2026. “Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety”. Computer Science, nos. 2026. https://doi.org/10.53070/bbd.2031016.
EndNote
Darzi MH (November 2, 2026) Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety. Computer Science 2026
IEEE
[1]M. H. Darzi, “Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety”, JCS, no. 2026, Nov. 2026, doi: 10.53070/bbd.2031016.
ISNAD
Darzi, Mohammad Hossein. “Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety”. Computer Science. 2026 (November 2, 2026). https://doi.org/10.53070/bbd.2031016.
JAMA
1.Darzi MH. Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety. JCS. 2026. doi:10.53070/bbd.2031016.
MLA
Darzi, Mohammad Hossein. “Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety”. Computer Science, no. 2026, Nov. 2026, doi:10.53070/bbd.2031016.
Vancouver
1.Mohammad Hossein Darzi. Conceptual Design of an Intelligent IoT-Based System for RealTime Monitoring of Underground Mine Workers’ Vital Signs and Safety. JCS. 2026 Nov. 2;(2026). doi:10.53070/bbd.2031016

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