Katılım Bankaları ve İslami Mikrofinans: Türkiye’deki Mevcut Durum ve Öneriler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 121 - 160, 01.12.2019

Mücahit Özdemir

Öz

Düşük gelir grubundaki kişiler fiziki teminat eksikliği, kredi geçmişlerinin bulunmaması, operasyonel açıdan maliyetli olmaları gibi nedenlerle İslami bankaların finansman faaliyetlerinin dışında bırakılmaktadır. Bu kişilerin de çeşitli sözleşme türleri karz-ı hasen, müşâreke vb. ile ihtiyaç duydukları sermayeye ulaşmalarını sağlayan İslami mikrofinans son yıllarda Bangladeş, Pakistan, Endonezya gibi ülkelerde farklı kuruluş yapıları ile yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Bu kuruluşların gösterdikleri başarılar bazı İslami bankaların da mikrofinans sektörüne yönelmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki katılım bankalarının mikrofinans ile ilişkisi dünyadaki uygulamalar ve mevcut literatür çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve katılım bankalarının hem finansal hizmetler konusundaki uzmanlığı ve sahip olduğu altyapı hem de dayandığı değerler açısından İslami mikrofinans hizmeti sunması gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu alana katılım bankalarının yönelmesinin ayrıca İslami finansın toplumun genelinde yaygınlaşmasına katkı sunacağı belirtilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslami Mikrofinans, Mikrofinans, Katılım Bankaları, İslami Finans, Yoksulluk

Participation Banks and Islamic Microfinance: Current State in Turkey and Recommendations

Öz

Participation Banks and Islamic Microfinance: Current State in Turkey and RecommendationsLow-income people have been excluded from the financing activities of Islamic banks because they seem high risky due to their lack of physical collateral and credit history, and operational cost. However, Islamic microfinance, which enables these people to reach the capital that they need through various Islamic contract types qard al-hassan, musharakah, etc. , has become widespread in different countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan and Indonesia in recent years. The success of these institutions has led some Islamic banks to tap into the microfinance sector. In this study, the relationship between microfinance and Participation Islamic Banks in Turkey were discussed by examining Islamic microfinance practices in worldwide applications and the available academic literature, and the study reveals that Participation Banks can offer Islamic microfinance services effectively by considering their comprehensive financial infrastructure and the Islamic values that they are based on. Also, Participation Banks can contribute to the spread of Islamic finance throughout the different strata of the society by implementing Islamic microfinance in their operations

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic Microfinance, Microfinance, Participation Banks, Islamic Finance, Poverty

Kaynakça

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