Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Türkiye’de Temassız Ödemelerin Gelişiminde Covid-19 Pandemisinin Rolü ve Temassız Ödemelere Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 203 - 226, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.987427

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de temassız özellikli kartların kullanım düzeyinde yıllar içinde meydana gelen değişimi incelemek ve temassız kart kullanımına etki eden demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik faktörleri analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak, Bankalararası Kart Merkezi’nin (BKM) 2010-2020 yıllarına ait verileri ile temassız kartların bireyler tarafından benimsenme düzeyi incelenmiştir. 2018 yılından itibaren kullanım sıklığında artış gözlenen temassız kartların Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte 2020 yılının sonunda her dört kartlı alışverişten birinde kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bir sonraki aşamasında, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB) tarafından, 2020 yılında uygulanan Nakit Kullanım Alışkanlıkları Anketinden alınan veri seti ile bireylerin temassız kart kullanımı incelenmiş ve temassız kartların kullanımına etki eden faktörler probit modeliyle analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, bireylerin geliri, finansal okuryazarlığı ve eğitim düzeyindeki artışın temassız kart kullanma olasılığını artırdığını göstermektedir. Kadınların temassız kart kullanma olasılıkları erkeklere göre daha yüksek çıkarken evli
olmanın temassız kart kullanma olasılığını düşürdüğü gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, sonuçlar düşük harcama tutarlarında temassız kart kullanma olasılığının daha yüksek olduğunu ve ödemelerde genellikle nakit tercih eden bireylerin temassız kullanma olasılıklarının daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • 1. Akana, T., Ke, W. (2020). Contactless Payment Cards: Trends and Barriers to Consumer Adoption in the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Discussion Paper, DP 20-03, May 2020.
  • 2. Amromin, G. and Chakravorti, S.(2007). “Debit card and cash usage: a crosscountry analysis.” Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Working Paper Series: WP-07-04.
  • 3. Bagnall, J., Bounie, D., Huynh, K.P., Kosse, A., Schmidt, T., Schuh, S., Stix, H. (2016). Consumer cash usage: A cross-country comparison with payment diary survey data. International Journal of Central Banking, 12(4), 1–61.
  • 4. Bankalararası Kart Merkezi, (2008) Kronoloji 2000-2008. https://bkm.com. tr/kronoloji/ Erişim tarihi: 05.01.2021.
  • 5. Bouhdaoui, Y. and Bounie, D. (2012). Modeling the share of cash payments in the economy. International Journal of Central Banking, 8(4), 175–195.
  • 6. Bradford, T. (2005). Contactless: The Next Payment Wave?. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Payments System Research Briefing December 2005.
  • 7. Brown, M., Hentschel, N., Mettler, H., Stix, H. (2020). Financial innovation, payment choice and cash demand- casual evidence from the staggered introduction of contactless debit cards. Swiss Institute of Banking and Finance (S/ BF-HSG) April 20,2020.
  • 8. Caddy, J., Delaney, L. and Fisher, C. (2020). Consumer Payment Behaviour in Australia: Evidence from the2019 Consumer Payments Survey. Reserve Bank of Australia, Research Discussion Paper, RDP 2020-06.
  • 9. Chen, H., Felt, M.H. and Huynh, K. (2014). Retail Payment Innovations and Cash Usage:Accounting for Attrition UsingRefreshment Samples. Bank of Canada Working Paper 2014-27, June 2014.
  • 10. Chirico, U. (2014). Smart Card Programming. Londra: Lulu.com.
  • 11. Chen, H., Felt, M.H. and Huynh, K. (2014). Retail Payment Innovations and Cash Usage:Accounting for Attrition UsingRefreshment Samples. Bank of Canada Working Paper 2014-27, June 2014.
  • 12. Crowe, M. and Tavilla, E. (2019). Tap to Pay: Will Contactless Cards Pave the Way for NFC Mobile Payments in the U.S.?. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Payment Strategies Report | April 22, 2019.
  • 13. Cruijsen, C.V.D., Hernandez, L., and Jonker, N. (2015). In love with the debit card but still married to cash. DNB Working Paper No. 461/ February 2015.
  • 14. Duca, J. V. and Whitesell, W.C. (1991). Credit Cards and Money Demand: A Cross-sectional Study. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Research Paper No. 9112.
  • 15. European Central Bank (ECB). (2020). Study on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (SPACE).
  • 16. Eren, B.A. (2020). Alışverişlerde Temassız Kredi Kartı Kullanım Niyetini Etkileyen Unsurların Belirlenmesi: Nesnelerin İnterneti Kavramının Bankacılık Yansıması. Bankacılar Dergisi, 115: 107-127.
  • 17. Eyüboğlu, K. ve Sevim, U. (2017). Determinants of Contactless Credit Cards Acceptance in Turkey. International Journal of Management Economics and Business 13(2).
  • 18. Fung, B.S., Huynh, K.P., Sabetti, L. (2012). The impact of retail payment innovations on cash usage. Bank of Canada Working Paper 2012-1.
  • 19. Felt, M.H. (2020). Losing Contact: The Impact of Contactless Payments on Cash Usage. Bank of Canada Staff Working Paper- 2020-56.
  • 20. Garanti BBVA. (2006). https://www.garantiodemesistemleri.com/tr/bizkimiz/ garanti-bbvanin-urunleri/garanti-bbvadan-ilkler
  • 21. Hayashi, F., Sullivan, R., and Weiner, S.E. (2003). A Guide to the ATM and Debit Card Industry. Federal System Research Department Payments System Research 2003.
  • 22. Henry, C.S., Huynh, K.P., and Welte, A. (2018). 2017 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report. Bank of Canada Staff Discussion Paper 2018-17, December 2018.
  • 23. Jonker, N. (2007). Payment instruments as perveived by consumers: Results from a household survey. De Economist, 155, 21–38.
  • 24. Jonker, N., Hernandez, L. and Kosse, A. (2012). Cash usage in Netherlands: How Much, Where, When, Who and Whenever one Wants?. DNB Occasional Studies, Vol.10/No.2
  • 25. Kaya, F. (2009). Türkiye’de Kredi Kartı Uygulaması. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği
  • 26. Kim, L., Kumar, R., and O’Brien, S. (2020). 2020 Findings from the Diary of Consumer Payment Choice. Cash Product Office Federal Reserve System July 31, 2020.
  • 27. Klee, E (2006). Paper or Plastic? The effect of time on check and debit card use at grocery stores Working Paper, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
  • 28. Lippi, F. and Secchi, A. (2009). Technological change and the households’demand for currency.Journal of Monetary Economics,56, 222–230.
  • 29. Mastercard PayPass Momentum, (2011). https://newsroom.mastercard. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Mastercard-PayPass-Momentum- May-2011.pdf
  • 30. Polasik, M., Gorka, J., Wilczewski, G., Kunkowski, J., Przenajkowska, K., Tetkowska, N. (2013). Time efficiency of point-of-sale payment methods: Empirical results for cash, cards and mobile payments. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Vol. 141 (pp. 306–320).
  • 31. Politronacci, E., Moret, A., Bounie, D. and François, A. (2018). Use of cash in France: The payment method of choice for low-value purchases. de la Banqu de France Bulletin, 220/2-November-December 2018.
  • 32. Snellman, J., Vesala, J. M. and Humphrey, D.B. (2001). Substitution of Noncash Payment Instruments for Cash in Europe. Journal of Financial Services Research, vol.19, pg. 131 - 145.
  • 33. Stix, H. (2003). How do debit cards affect cash demand? Survey Data Evidence. Working Paper 82 Oesterreichische Nationalbank.
  • 34. TSYS. (2016). U.K. Consumer Payment Study.
  • 35. Trütsch, T. (2020). The impact of contactless payment on cash usage at an early stage of diffusion. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 156. Article number: 5.
  • 36. von Kalckreuth, U., Schmidt, T., Stix, H. (2014). Using cash to monitor liquidity- Implications for payments, currency demand and withdrawal behavior. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 46(8), 1753–1785.
  • 37. White, K. J. (1976) The effect of bank credit cards on the household transactions demand for money. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 8, 51–61.

Development of Contactless Card Payments in Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 203 - 226, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.987427

Abstract

References

  • 1. Akana, T., Ke, W. (2020). Contactless Payment Cards: Trends and Barriers to Consumer Adoption in the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Discussion Paper, DP 20-03, May 2020.
  • 2. Amromin, G. and Chakravorti, S.(2007). “Debit card and cash usage: a crosscountry analysis.” Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Working Paper Series: WP-07-04.
  • 3. Bagnall, J., Bounie, D., Huynh, K.P., Kosse, A., Schmidt, T., Schuh, S., Stix, H. (2016). Consumer cash usage: A cross-country comparison with payment diary survey data. International Journal of Central Banking, 12(4), 1–61.
  • 4. Bankalararası Kart Merkezi, (2008) Kronoloji 2000-2008. https://bkm.com. tr/kronoloji/ Erişim tarihi: 05.01.2021.
  • 5. Bouhdaoui, Y. and Bounie, D. (2012). Modeling the share of cash payments in the economy. International Journal of Central Banking, 8(4), 175–195.
  • 6. Bradford, T. (2005). Contactless: The Next Payment Wave?. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Payments System Research Briefing December 2005.
  • 7. Brown, M., Hentschel, N., Mettler, H., Stix, H. (2020). Financial innovation, payment choice and cash demand- casual evidence from the staggered introduction of contactless debit cards. Swiss Institute of Banking and Finance (S/ BF-HSG) April 20,2020.
  • 8. Caddy, J., Delaney, L. and Fisher, C. (2020). Consumer Payment Behaviour in Australia: Evidence from the2019 Consumer Payments Survey. Reserve Bank of Australia, Research Discussion Paper, RDP 2020-06.
  • 9. Chen, H., Felt, M.H. and Huynh, K. (2014). Retail Payment Innovations and Cash Usage:Accounting for Attrition UsingRefreshment Samples. Bank of Canada Working Paper 2014-27, June 2014.
  • 10. Chirico, U. (2014). Smart Card Programming. Londra: Lulu.com.
  • 11. Chen, H., Felt, M.H. and Huynh, K. (2014). Retail Payment Innovations and Cash Usage:Accounting for Attrition UsingRefreshment Samples. Bank of Canada Working Paper 2014-27, June 2014.
  • 12. Crowe, M. and Tavilla, E. (2019). Tap to Pay: Will Contactless Cards Pave the Way for NFC Mobile Payments in the U.S.?. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Payment Strategies Report | April 22, 2019.
  • 13. Cruijsen, C.V.D., Hernandez, L., and Jonker, N. (2015). In love with the debit card but still married to cash. DNB Working Paper No. 461/ February 2015.
  • 14. Duca, J. V. and Whitesell, W.C. (1991). Credit Cards and Money Demand: A Cross-sectional Study. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Research Paper No. 9112.
  • 15. European Central Bank (ECB). (2020). Study on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (SPACE).
  • 16. Eren, B.A. (2020). Alışverişlerde Temassız Kredi Kartı Kullanım Niyetini Etkileyen Unsurların Belirlenmesi: Nesnelerin İnterneti Kavramının Bankacılık Yansıması. Bankacılar Dergisi, 115: 107-127.
  • 17. Eyüboğlu, K. ve Sevim, U. (2017). Determinants of Contactless Credit Cards Acceptance in Turkey. International Journal of Management Economics and Business 13(2).
  • 18. Fung, B.S., Huynh, K.P., Sabetti, L. (2012). The impact of retail payment innovations on cash usage. Bank of Canada Working Paper 2012-1.
  • 19. Felt, M.H. (2020). Losing Contact: The Impact of Contactless Payments on Cash Usage. Bank of Canada Staff Working Paper- 2020-56.
  • 20. Garanti BBVA. (2006). https://www.garantiodemesistemleri.com/tr/bizkimiz/ garanti-bbvanin-urunleri/garanti-bbvadan-ilkler
  • 21. Hayashi, F., Sullivan, R., and Weiner, S.E. (2003). A Guide to the ATM and Debit Card Industry. Federal System Research Department Payments System Research 2003.
  • 22. Henry, C.S., Huynh, K.P., and Welte, A. (2018). 2017 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report. Bank of Canada Staff Discussion Paper 2018-17, December 2018.
  • 23. Jonker, N. (2007). Payment instruments as perveived by consumers: Results from a household survey. De Economist, 155, 21–38.
  • 24. Jonker, N., Hernandez, L. and Kosse, A. (2012). Cash usage in Netherlands: How Much, Where, When, Who and Whenever one Wants?. DNB Occasional Studies, Vol.10/No.2
  • 25. Kaya, F. (2009). Türkiye’de Kredi Kartı Uygulaması. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği
  • 26. Kim, L., Kumar, R., and O’Brien, S. (2020). 2020 Findings from the Diary of Consumer Payment Choice. Cash Product Office Federal Reserve System July 31, 2020.
  • 27. Klee, E (2006). Paper or Plastic? The effect of time on check and debit card use at grocery stores Working Paper, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
  • 28. Lippi, F. and Secchi, A. (2009). Technological change and the households’demand for currency.Journal of Monetary Economics,56, 222–230.
  • 29. Mastercard PayPass Momentum, (2011). https://newsroom.mastercard. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Mastercard-PayPass-Momentum- May-2011.pdf
  • 30. Polasik, M., Gorka, J., Wilczewski, G., Kunkowski, J., Przenajkowska, K., Tetkowska, N. (2013). Time efficiency of point-of-sale payment methods: Empirical results for cash, cards and mobile payments. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Vol. 141 (pp. 306–320).
  • 31. Politronacci, E., Moret, A., Bounie, D. and François, A. (2018). Use of cash in France: The payment method of choice for low-value purchases. de la Banqu de France Bulletin, 220/2-November-December 2018.
  • 32. Snellman, J., Vesala, J. M. and Humphrey, D.B. (2001). Substitution of Noncash Payment Instruments for Cash in Europe. Journal of Financial Services Research, vol.19, pg. 131 - 145.
  • 33. Stix, H. (2003). How do debit cards affect cash demand? Survey Data Evidence. Working Paper 82 Oesterreichische Nationalbank.
  • 34. TSYS. (2016). U.K. Consumer Payment Study.
  • 35. Trütsch, T. (2020). The impact of contactless payment on cash usage at an early stage of diffusion. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 156. Article number: 5.
  • 36. von Kalckreuth, U., Schmidt, T., Stix, H. (2014). Using cash to monitor liquidity- Implications for payments, currency demand and withdrawal behavior. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 46(8), 1753–1785.
  • 37. White, K. J. (1976) The effect of bank credit cards on the household transactions demand for money. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 8, 51–61.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Saygın Çevik This is me 0000-0003-1165-3085

Dilan Teber This is me 0000-0002-9849-3557

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çevik, S., & Teber, D. (2021). Türkiye’de Temassız Ödemelerin Gelişiminde Covid-19 Pandemisinin Rolü ve Temassız Ödemelere Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi. BDDK Bankacılık Ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi, 15(2), 203-226. https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.987427