5-6 Yaş Çocuklarının Yaşam Doyumunu Yordamada Annelerin Ebeveynlik Stres Düzeyi ve Yaşam Doyumunun Rolü

Year 2024, , 1757 - 1778, 30.03.2024

Burcu Bağcı Çetin

https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.1207692

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, 5-6 yaş aralığındaki çocukların yaşam doyumunu yordamada annelerin ebeveynlik stres düzeyi ve yaşam doyumunun rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2021-2022 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında Aydın ilinde öğrenim görmekte olan katılımcı olmaya gönüllü 5-6 yaşında 290 çocuk ve annelerinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği-Çocuk Formu (Bağcı Çetin & Buluş, 2023), Anne-Baba Stres Ölçeği (Kaymak Özmen & Özmen, 2012) ve Yetişkin Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği (Kaba, Erol & Güç, 2018) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson korelasyon ve regresyon analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda, çocuğun yaşam doyumu ile annenin ebeveynlik stres düzeyi arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki, çocuğun yaşam doyumu ile anne yaşam doyumunun genel yaşam doyumu, ilişki doyumu, benlik doyumu, sosyal çevre doyumu ve iş doyumu alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Regresyon analizleri sonucunda annenin ebeveynlik stres düzeyi ile yaşam doyumunun birlikte çocuğun yaşam doyumu değişkenliğini %23 oranında yordadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Okul öncesi dönem, stres, yaşam doyumu

The role of mothers' parenting stress level and life

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to examine the role of mothers' parenting stress level and life satisfaction in predicting life satisfaction of children aged 5-6 years. The study group of the research consists of 290 5-6-year-old children and their mothers who are volunteering to participate and study in Aydın province in the 2021-2022 academic year. Personal Information Form, Life Satisfaction Scale-Child Form (Bağcı Çetin & Buluş, 2023), Parental Stress Scale (Kaymak Özmen & Özmen, 2012) and Adult Life Satisfaction Scale (Kaba, Erol & Güç, 2018) were used as data collection tools. Pearson correlation and regression analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was found that there was a positive significant relationship between the child's life satisfaction and the mother's parenting stress level, and a positive significant relationship between the child's life satisfaction and the mother's life satisfaction with the sub-dimensions of general life satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, self-satisfaction, social environment satisfaction, and job satisfaction. seen. As a result of regression analysis, it was determined that the mother's parenting stress level and life satisfaction together predicted the child's life satisfaction variability by 23%.

Keywords

Preschool period, stress, life satisfaction

References

• Abed, N., Pakdaman, S., Heidari, M., & Tahmassian, K. (2016). Developing psychological well-being scale for preschool children. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(11), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p104
• Akandere, M., Acar, M., & Baştuğ, G. (2009). Zihinsel ve fiziksel engelli çocuğa sahip anne ve babaların yaşam doyumu ve umutsuzluk düzeylerinin in¬celenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ens¬titüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 23-32.
• Angeles, L. (2010). Children and life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(4), 523-538.
• Bağcı Çetin, B., & Buluş, M. (2023). Yaşam doyumu ölçeği’nin 5-6 yaş grubu çocuklar için Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 300-320. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1168441
• Barrera, M., Jr. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and moods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413-445.
• Beeber, L. S., Holditch Davis, D., Belyea, M. J., & Funk, S. G. (2004). Inhome interventions for depressive symptoms with low-income mothers of infants and toddlers in the united states. Health Care Women Int. 25, 561–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399330490444830
• Ben Zur, H. (2003). Happy adolescents: The link between subjective well-being, internal resources, and parental factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 67-79.
• Berger, E. M., & Spiess, C. K. (2011). Maternal life satisfaction and child outcomes: Are they related? Journal of Economic Psychlogy, 32(1), 142-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.10.001
• Boztaş, Z., & Tutkun, Ö. F. (2017). Özel gereksinimli çocuğu olan anne-babaların yaşam doyumu düzeyi. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(50), 390-399. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.12452
• Brajša Žganec, A., & Hanzec, I. (2014). Social development of preschool children in Croatia: Contributions of child temperament, maternal life satisfaction and rearing practices. Journal Child and Family Studies, 23, 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9696-8
• Bulut Ateş, F., & Eren Kurt, İ. (2018). Ebeveynlik stresini yordamada annelik algısı ve eş desteği. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 71, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.9761/JASSS7751
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2018). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (25. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
• Casas, F., Coenders, G., Cummins, R., González, M., Figuer, C., & Malo, S. (2008). Does subjective well-being show a relationship between parents and their children? Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 197-205.
• Clair, A. (2012). The relationship between parent’s subjective well-being and the life satisfaction of their children in Britain. Child Indicators Research, 5(4), 631-650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-012-9139-5
• Cotton, D.H. (1990). Stress management: An integrated approach to therapy. Brunner/Mazel, Inc.
• Cotterell, J. L. (1992). The relation of attachments and support to adolescent wellbeing and school adjustment. Journal of Adolescent Research 7, 28–42.
• Cowen, E. L., & Work, W.C. (1988). Resilient children, psychological wellness, and primary prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology 16, 591–607.
• Crittenden, P. M. (1990). Relationships at risk. InJ. Belsky, & T. Nezworski (Eds.), Clinical implications o f attachment (pp. 136-176). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Crnic, K., & Greenberg, M. (1990). Minor parenting stresses with young children. Child Development, 61, 1628 – 1637.
• Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (5. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
• Damast, A. M., Tamis LeMonda, C. S., & Bohnsteix, M. H . (1996). Mother-child play: Sequential interactions and the relation between maternal beliefs and rehaviors. Child Development, 67, 1752-1766.
• Deater Deckard, K. (1998). Parenting stress and child adjusment: Some old hypotheses and new questions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5(3), 314-332.
• Deniz, M. E., Dilmaç, B., & Arıcak, O.T. (2009). Engelli çocuğa sahip olan ebeveynlerin durumluk-sürekli kaygı ve yaşam doyumlarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 953-968.
• Diamond, A., Barnett, W. S., Thomas, J., & Munro, S. (2007). Preschool program improves cognitive control. Science 30, 1387–1388. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1151148
• Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Buletin, 95(3), 542-575.
• Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research 31, pp. 103-157.
• Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34 – 39.
• Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997). Measuringquality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicator. Social Indicators Research, 40, 189-216.
• Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
• Erkuş, A. (2016). Psikolojide ölçek geliştirme I-Temel kavramlar ve işlemler (3. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
• Frisch, M. B. (2000). Improving mental and physical health care through quality of life therapy and assessment. In E. Diener & D. R. Rahtz (Eds.), Advances in quality of life theory and research (pp. 207–241). Kluwer Academic.
• Gabriel, B., & Bodenmann, G. (2006). Elterliche kompetenzen und erziehungskonflikte. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 15(1), 9-18.
• Giallo, R., Treyvaud, K., Cooklin, A., & Wade, C. (2013). Mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in home activities with their children: Psychosocial factors and the role of parental self-efficacy. Early Child Development Care, 183, 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2012.711587
• Gündüz, G., Yagmurlu, B., & Harma, M. (2014). Self-regulation mediates the link between family context and socioemotional competence in Turkish preschoolers. Early Education and Development, 26, 729–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.985148
• Heller, K. Swindle, R. W., & Dusenbury, L. (1986). Component social support processes: Comments and integration. Journal o f Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54 ,466-470.
• Hoy, B. D., Suldo, S. M., & Mendez, L.R. (2013). Links between parents’ and children’s levels of gratitude, life satisfaction, and hope. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 1343–1361.
• Huebner, E. S. (1991a). Correlates of life satisfaction in children. School Psychology Quarterly 6, 103–111.
• Huebner, E. S. (1991b). Initial development of the student’s life satisfaction scale. School Psychology International, 12, 231–240.
• Huebner, E. S. (1994). Preliminary development and validation of a multidimensional life satisfaction scale for children. Psychological Assessment 6, 149–158.
• Huebner, E. S. (1997). Life satisfaction and happiness. In G.G. Bear, K.M. Minke, & A. Thomas (Eds.), Children's needs II: Development, problems and alternatives (pp.271-278). National Association of School Psychologists.
• Huebner, E. S. (2004). Research of life satisfaction of children and adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 66, 3-33.
• Huebner, S. E., Suldo, S. M., & Valois, R. F. (2003, March 12-13). Psychometric properties of two brief measures of children’s life satisfaction: The students’ life satisfaction scale (slss) and the brief multidimensional students’ life satisfaction scale (bmslss) [Conference presentation]. https://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Child_Trends-2003_03_12_PD_PDConfHSVP.pdf
• Huebner, E. S., Suldo, S. M., Smith, L. C., & McKnight, C. G. (2004). Life satisfaction in childrenandyouth: Empirical foundation sandimplications for school psychologists. Psychology In The Schools, 41(1), 81- 93. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10140.
• Kaba, İ., Erol, M., & Güç, K. (2018). Yetişkin yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 1-14.
• Kabasakal, Z., & Uz Baş, A. (2013). Öğretmen adayla¬rında yaşam doyumunun yordayıcısı olarak prob¬lem çözme becerileri. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırma¬ları Dergisi, 2(1), 27-35.
• Kagan, J., & Moss, H. A. (1962). Birth to maturity: A study of psychological development. Wiley Press.
• Kam, C. M., Greenberg, M. T., Bierman, K. L., Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., Foster, M. E., et al. (2011). Maternal depressive symptoms and child social preference during the early school years: Mediation by maternal warmth and child emotion regulation. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 39(3), 365–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9468-0
• Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Nobel Yayınları.
• Kaymak Özmen, S., & Özmen, A. (2012). Anne baba stres ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Milli Eğitim, 20(196), 20-35.
• Kelly, J. E. (2011). Assessment of life satisfaction in children as a means of prevention and identification of risks (Doctorate thesis). Pacific University. 20.02.2020 tarihinde http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/210 adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
• Linley, P. A., Joseph, S., Harrington, S., & Wood, A. M. (2006). Positive psychology: Past, present and (possible) future. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 3-16.
• Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996) Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 7, 186-189.
• Man, P. (1991). The influence of peers and parents on youth life satisfaction in Hong Kong. Social Indicators Research 24, 347–365.
• Marshall, H. (1991). The social construction o f motherhood: An analysis of childcare and parenting manuals. In A. Phoenix & A. Wollett, (Eds.) Motherhood: Meanings, practices and ideologies. Sage Publications, Inc.
• Marshall, N., & Barnett, N. (1991). Race, class, and multiple role strains among women employed in the service sector. Women & Health, 17(4), 1-15.
• Matheny, K. B., Curlette, W. L., Aysan, F., Herrington, A., Gfroerer, C. A., Thompson, D., & Hamarat, E. (2002). Copingresources, perceivedstress, and life satisfaction among Turkish and American univer¬sity students. International Journal of Stress Mana¬gement, 9(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014902719664
• Moore, M., & Wade, B. (2003). Bookstart: A qualitative evaluation. Educational Review, 55, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910303250
• Park, N. S. (2000). Life satisfaction among children and adolescents: Cross-cultural and developmental comparisons. [Unpublished doctorate thesis, University of South Carolina].
• Paterson, J. E., Field, J., & Pryor, J. (1994). Adolescents’ perceptions of their attachment relationships with their mothers, fathers, and friends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 23, 579–600.
• Pollmann Schult, M. (2014). Parenthood and life satisfaction: Why don’t children make people happy? Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(2), 319–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12095
• Ravens Sieberer, U., Gosch, A., Rajmil, L., Erhart, M., Bruil, J., Power, M., & Mazur, J. (2008). The KIDSCREEN-52 quality of life measure for children and adolescents: Psychometric results from a cross-cultural survey in 13 European countries. Value in health, 11(4), 645-658.
• Richter, N., Bondü, R., Spiess, C.K., Wagner, G.G., & Trommsdorff, G. (2018). Relations among maternal life satisfaction, shared activities, and child well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(739), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00739
• Schneider Stewart, H. (2000). The interrelated effects of perceived social support, social pressure, social perceptions, and role-related guilt on stress, life satisfaction, and parental satisfaction of mothers with preschool children: The heart of the maternal dilemma [Doctorate thesis, The Fielding Institute].
• Sheppard, M. (1994). Maternal depression, child care and the social work role. The British Journal of Social Work, 24(1), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a056039
• Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2017). Positive education for young children: Effects of a positive psychology intervention for preschool children on subjective well being and learning behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(1866), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01866
• Susana, C., & Marques, S. C. (2016). Psychological strengths in childhood as predictorsof longitudinal outcomes. School Mental Health, 8, 377–385. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12310-016-9195-y
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L.S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Taylor, Z. E., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Promoting strengths and resilience in single-mother families. Child Development, 88, 350–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12741
• Terry, T., & Huebner, E.S. (1995). The relationship between self-concept and life satisfaction in children. Social Indicators Research, 35(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079237
• Thompson, R. J., Merritt, K. A., Keith, B. R., Bennett, L., & Johndrow, D. A. (1993). The role of maternal stress and family functioning in maternal distress and mother-reported psychological adjustment of non-referred children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 78–84.
• Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Emerson, E., Lancaster, G. A., Berridge, D. M., & Vagenas, D. (2013). Is there a bidirectional relationship between maternal wellbeing and child behavior problems in autism spectrum disorders? Longitudinal analysis of a population-defined sample of young children. Autism Research, 6(3), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1279
• Walker, L. L., & Walker, J. L. (1980). Trait anxiety in mothers: Difference associated with employment status, family size, and age of children. Psychological Reports, 47, 295-299.
• Webster Stratton, C. (1990). Stress: A potential disruptor of parent perceptions and family interactions. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19(4), 302-312.
• Yavuz, M., & Gümüşkaya, Ö. (2021). Otizm spektrum bozukluğu ve zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin ebeveynlerinin yaşam doyumu ve aile yılmazlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 22(4), 799-825. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.726030