Yöneticiye Güven ve Öğretmen Sesliliği Arasındaki İlişki
Year 2024,
, 1927 - 1953, 30.06.2024
Muhammed Çelik
,
Ramazan Ertürk
Abstract
Bu araştırmada öğretmen algılarına göre yöneticiye güven ve öğretmen sesliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nicel araştırma desenlerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinde kurgulanan betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini Bolu il merkezinde bulunan ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan toplam 2150 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 342 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri elde etmek için kişisel bilgi formu, yöneticiye güven ölçeği ve öğretmen sesliliği ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler normal dağılım göstermediğinden araştırmada non parametrik testlerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğretmenlerin yöneticiye güven ve öğretmen sesliliği algıları yüksek düzeydedir ve öğretmenlerin yöneticilere güveni arttıkça seslilik düzeyleri de aynı yönde değişmektedir. Çalışma hem yöneticiler hem de öğretmenler için bazı önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.
References
- Arar, K. (2018). Arab principals’ and teachers’ perceptions of trust and regulation and their contribution to school processes. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2018.1475576
- Arslantaş, C. C. (2007). An empirical study on the effect of leader-member exchange on trust in supervisor. TİSK Academi Journal, 2(3), 160-173.
- Arslantaş, C. C., & Dursun, M. (2008). The impact of ethical leadership on trust in manager and psychological empowerment: The mediating role of interactional justice. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 111-128.
- Ashford, J. B. & LeCroy, C. (2009). Human behavior in the social environment: A multidimensional perspective. Nelson Education.
- Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S. & Palanski, M. E. (2012). Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership. Journal of Business Ethics, 107, 21-34.
- Aygün, B., & Özen, H. (2019). Investigation of teachers’ perceptions about employee voice:
Phenomenological approach. ESTUDAM Journal of Education, 4(2), 1-21.
- Baş, Ş. (2019). The correlation between teachers’ personality, psychological safety perception and teacher voice (Thesis Num. 538309) [Master’s thesis, Yıldız Technical University- Istanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Bektaş, F., Kılınç, A. Ç., & Gümüş, S. (2020). The effects of distributed leadership on teacher professional learning: mediating roles of teacher trust in principal and teacher motivation. Educational Studies, 48(5), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.202 0.1793301
- Benlioğlu, B. (2021). The role of employee voice and organizational democracy on the effect of psychological safety on in role performance (Thesis Num. 659208) [Doctoral thesis, Baskent University-Ankara]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Berkovich, I. (2018). Typology of trust relationships: profiles of teachers’ trust in principal and their implications. Teachers and Teaching, 24(7), 749-767. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13540602.2018.1483914
Bijlsma, K. M. & Van de Bunt, G. G. (2003). Antecedent of trust in managers: A bottom-up approach. Personel Review, 32(5), 638-673.
- Brewster, C., & Railsback, J. (2003). Building trusting relationships for school improvement: Implications for principals and teachers. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.
- Bryk, A. S. & Schneider, B. (2003). Trust in schools: A core resource for school reform. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 40-45.
- Bulut H., & Bayramlık, H. (2015, October, 22-24). The analysis of employee voice behaviour of teachers [Conference presentation abstract]. 2. Symposium on Higher Education Strategies and Institutional Cooperation, Mersin, Türkiye.
- Bulut, M. Ş. (2012). The effects of the leader and member interaction in terms of reliance between management/supervision and work satisfaction in teachers (Thesis Num. 322469) [Master’s thesis, Yeditepe University-Istanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences]. PegemA Academy.
- Çeliker, U. (2015). Examination study of relationship between teachers’ management participation perception, expectances and organizational dependence levels (Umraniye district sample) (Thesis Num. 393204) [Master’s thesis, Yeditepe University-Istanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Çetin C., & Güven, Ç. (2017). The effect of employees trusts in manager on voice behaviour and research. Marmara University Journal of Öneri, 12(48), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.vi.331583
- Çetin, Ş. (2013). Impact of teachers’ perceptions of organizational support, management openness and personality traits on voice. Educational Research and Reviews, 8(18), 1709-1721.
- Çetin, Ş., & Çakmakçı, C. (2012). Adaptation of the employee voice scale into Turkish. The Journal of Defence and War Studies, 22(2), 1-19.
- Cheng, Jen-W., Shu-Ching C., Jyh-Huei K., & Kuo-Ming, L. (2014). Social relations and voice behavior: The mediating role of psychological safety. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 11, 130-140.
- Cho, Y. J., & Poister, T. H. (2014). Managerial practices, trust in leadership, and performance: Case of the Georgia department of transportation. Public Personal Management, 43(2), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026014523136
- Çoban, Ö., Özdemir, N., & Bellibaş, M. Ş. (2020). Trust in principals, leaders’ focus on instruction, teacher collaboration, and teacher self-efficacy: testing a multilevel mediation model. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220968170
- Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2003). Raising voice, risking retaliation: Events following interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(4), 247-265. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.8.4.247
- Dağlar, H. (2020). The effect of five factor personality traits on organizational silence: A research on teachers. Journal of Business Research-Turk, 12(3), 2487-2500. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.988
- Değirmenci, B., Cahit Öztürk, C., & Büyükbeşe, T. (2022). The mediating role of internal motivation and organizational learning on the effect of trust in the manager on service innovation performance: A study in the finance sector of Adıyaman. Gazi Journal of Economics and Business, 8(1), 124-144.
- Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869-884.
- Detert, J. R., & Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Implicit voice theories: Taken for-granted rules of self-censorship at work. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 461-488. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2011.61967925
- Doğan, S. & Karakuş, B. (2020). The opinions of secondary school teachers on organizational trust. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE),21(2), 994-1014.
- Doğan, S. (2019). The effect of the perceived transformational leadership style on the confidence on the manager and research (Thesis Num. 566664) [Master’s thesis, Istanbul University -Istanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Doğan, S., & Karataş, A. (2012). The importance of ethics in creating an environment of social responsibility and trust in organizations. Atatürk University Trends in Business and Economics, 26(1), 93-109.
- Duman, Ş. (2018). Structural empowerment, trust to the manager, and leader-member exchange as the predictors of the psychological empowerment of secondary school teachers (Thesis Num. 524672) [Doctoral thesis, Gazi University-Ankara]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Edmondson, A. C. (2003). Speaking up in the operating room: How team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1419-1452.
- Ertürk, R. (2019). Ethical leadership behaviors of school principals, trust perceptions of school teachers and organizational commitment in terms of various variables. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 20(1), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.17679/in uefd.389648
- Frost, D. (2008). Teacher leadership: values and voice. School Leadership and Management, 28(4), 337-352.
- Gao, L., Janssen, O., & Shi, K. (2011). Leader trust and employee voice: The moderating role of empowering leader behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(4), 787-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.015
- Ghamrawi, N. (2011). Trust me: your school can be better—a message from teachers to principals. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39(3), 333–348.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143210393997
- Göktaş-Kulualp, H. (2016). Determining the relationship between some personal and organizational features with employee voice: A study on academics. Ege Academic Review, 16(4), 745-761.
- Goddard, R. D., Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, W. K. (2001). A multilevel examination of the distribution and effects of teacher trust in students and parents in urban elementary schools. The Elementary School Journal, 102(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1086/499690
- Gozali, C., Claassen Thrush, E., Soto-Peña, M., Whang, C., & Luschei, T. F. (2017). Teacher voice in global conversations around education access, equity, and quality. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 4(1), 32-51.
- Gürler, M. (2018). Analyzing the mediating effect of employee voice in the relationship between the teachers’ leader-member exchange and work engagement (Thesis Num. 524845) [Doctoral thesis, Anadolu University-Eskisehir]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Gyurko, J. (2012). Teacher voice. [Unpublished doctoral thesis, New York Columbia University].
- Handford, V., & Leithwood, K. (2013). Why teachers trust school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(2), 194–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/095782313113047 06
- Hargreaves, A., & Shirley, D. (2011). The far side of educational reform. Canadian Teachers’ Federation.
- Heneveld, W. (2007). Whose reality counts? local educators as researchers on the quality of primary education. International Review of Education, 53(5-6), 639-663.
- Holland, P. J., Allen, B. C., & Cooper, B. K. (2013). Reducing burnout in Australian nurses: the role of employee direct voice and managerial responsiveness. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), 3146-3162. https://doi.org/10.1080 /09585192.2013.775032
- Honingh, M., & Hooge, E. (2014). The effect of school-leader support and participation in decision making on teacher collaboration in Dutch primary and secondary schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(1), 75-98. https://doi.org/10. 1177/1741143213499256
- Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2008). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice (8nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Hoy, W. K., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2003). The Conceptualization and Measurement of Faculty Trust in Schools: The omnibus T-Scale. In W. K. Hoy & C. G. Miskel (Eds.), Theory and research in educational administration (pp. 181-208). Information Age Publishing.
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2007). Short on power, long on responsibility. Educational Leadership, 65(1), 20-25.
- İslamoğlu, G., Birsel, M., & Börü, D. (2007). Trust within the organization. Revolution Bookstore.
- Janssen, O., & Gao, L. (2015). Supervisory responsiveness and employee self-perceived status and voice behavior. Journal of Management, 41(7), 1854-1872.
- Kahlenberg, R. D., & Potter, H. (2015). Why teacher voice matters. American Educator, 38(4), 6-7.
- Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi, ilkeler, teknikler [Scientific research method, principles, techniques]. Nobel Publishing.
- Keçeci, M., Süer C., Meriç K., Dural, U., & Çalışkan, E. (2017). The impact of internal communication and the perceived power sources on trust in supervisor and organization. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 52(2), 156-178.
- Kıranlı Güngör, S., & Potuk, A. (2018). Teachers’ perceptions of mobbing, organizational justice, and organizational silence and interrelatedness. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 33(3), 723-742. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2018036553
- Kovac, J., & Jesenko, M. (2010). The connection between trust and leadership styles in Slovene organizations. Journal for East European Management Studies, 1, 9-33.
- LePine, J. A., & Van Dyne, L. (1998). Predicting voice behavior in work groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 853-868. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.853
- Li, Y., & Sun, J. M. (2015). Traditional Chinese leadership and employee voice behavior: A cross-level examination. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 172-189.
- Mayer, R. C., & Gavin, M. B. (2005). Trust in management and performance: Who minds the shop while the employees watch the boss? Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), 874-888.
- Maynes, T. D., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2014). Speaking more broadly: an examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034284.
- Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1453-1476.
- Moçoşoğlu, B., & Kaya, A. (2021). Investigation of teachers’ perceptions regarding organizational silence and voice in educational institutions. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, 20(42), 1382-1408. https://doi.org/10.46928/ iticusbe.883837
- Morrison, E. F., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic academy of management. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
- Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373-412.
- Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 173-197.
- Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725. https://doi.org/10.2307/259200
- Moye, M. J., Henkin, A. B., & Egley, R. J. (2005). Teacher-principal relationships: Exploring linkages between empowerment and interpersonal trust. Journal of Educational Administration, 43(3), 260–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/095782305105947 96
- Near J. P., & Miceli M. P. (2008). Wrongdoing, whistle-blowing, and retaliation in the U.S. government: What have researchers learned from the merit systems protection board (mspb) survey results? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 28(3), 263-281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X08319153
- Özdamar, K. (2002). Paket programlar ile istatistik veri analizi (4. Baskı). Kaan Kitapevi.
- Özyılmaz, B. (2020). The effect of paternalistic leadership on employee voice: A research on employees in the food industry (Thesis Num. 635046) [Master’s thesis, Celal Bayar University-Manisa]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Perry R. W., & Mankin L. D. (2007). Organizational trust, trust in the chief executive and work satisfaction. Public Personnel Management, 36(2), 165-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600703600205
- Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research In Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369.
- Polat, S. (2007). Relation between organizational justice perceptions, organizational trust levels and organizational citizenship behaviors of secondary education teachers (Thesis Num. 220383) [Doctoral thesis, Kocaeli University-Kocaeli]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Premeaux, S. F., & Bedeian, A. G. (2003). Breaking the silence: the moderating effects of self-monitoring in predicting speaking up in the workplace. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1537-1562.
- Qi, Y., & Ming-Xia, L. (2014). Ethical leadership, organizational identification and employee voice: Examining moderated mediation process in Chinese insurance industry. Asia Pacific Business Review, 20(2), 231-248.
- Renzl, B. (2008). Trust in management and knowledge sharing: The mediating effects of fear and knowledge documentation. Omega, 36(2), 206-220.
- Sadykova, G., & Tutar, H. (2014). A study on the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational trust. Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts, 93, 43-65. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sayistay/issue/61548/919136
- Sağnak, M. (2017). Ethical leadership and teachers’ voice behaviour: The mediating roles of ethical culture and psychological safety. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17(4), 1101-1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2017.4.0113
- Sue-Chan, C., Au, Al K. C., & Hackett, R. D. (2012). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between leader/member behaviour and leader-member exchange quality. Journal of World Business, 47(3), 459-468.
- Tan, H. H., & Tan, C. S. F. (2000). Toward the differentiation of trust in supervisor and trust in organization. Genetic, Social and Psychology Monographs, 126(2), 241-260.
- Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R. (2008). Exploring nonlinearity in employee voice: The effects of personal control and organizational identification. Academy of Management Journal, 51(6), 1189-1203.
- Tangirala, S., Kamdar, D., Venkataramani, V., & Parke, M. R. (2013). Doing right versus getting ahead: The effects of duty and achievement orientations on employees’ voice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(6), 1040-1050. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033855
- Tschannen-Moran, M. (2011). In search of trust: Contributing to the understanding of a taken- for–Granted construct. In M. F. DiPaola & P. B. Forsyth (eds.), Leading research in educational administration (1–15). Information Age Publishing.
- Tschannen-Moran M., & Gareis, C. R. (2015). Principals, trust, and cultivating vibrant schools. Societies, 5(2), 256-276. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc5020256
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, W. K. (2000). A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust. Review of Educational Research, 70(4), 547-593. https://doi.org/10.2307/1170781
- Tuti, G., & Ada, Ş. (2019). Relationship between school administrators’ capabilities of change method according to secondary school teachers’ perceptions and organizational trust level. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Faculty of Education, 50, 494-521.
- Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi [Scientific research process and data analysis with SPSS]. Detay Publishing.
- Van Dyne, L. V., & Lepine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
- Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40,1359-1392.
- Van Dyne, L., Cummings, L. L. & Mclean, P. J. (1995). Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (A bridge over muddied waters). Research in Organizational Behavior, 17, 215-285.
- Van Maele, D., & Van Houtte, M. (2015). Trust in school: a pathway to inhibit teacher burnout? Journal of Educational Administration, 53(1), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2014-0018
- Walumbwa, F. O., & Schaubroeck, J. (2009). Leader personality traits and employee voice behavior: Mediating role of ethical leadership and work group psychological safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1275-1286.
- Wijaya, N. H. S. (2019). Proactive personality, LMX, and voice behavior: employee-supervisor sex (Dis) similarity as a moderator. Management Communication Quarterly, 33(1), 86-100.
- Wong, Carol A., & Greta G. Cummings. (2009). The influence of authentic leadership behaviors on trust and work outcomes of health care staff. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(2), 6-23.
- Zengin, Y. (2019). The effect of dark leadership on organizational voice and job satisfaction. Kafkas University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 10(19), 310-337
- Zhang, A. Y., Tsui, A. S., Song, L. J., Li, C., & Jia, L. (2008). How do I trust thee? The employee‐organization relationship, supervisory support, and middle manager trust in the organization. Human Resource Management, 47(1), 111-132.
The Relationship Between Trust in Principal and Teacher Voice
Year 2024,
, 1927 - 1953, 30.06.2024
Muhammed Çelik
,
Ramazan Ertürk
Abstract
This study aims to determine the relationship between trust in principal and teacher voice according to teachers' perceptions. This descriptive study is designed in the correlational survey model, one of the quantitative research designs. The study's target population consists of 2150 teachers working in primary, secondary and high schools in Bolu city centre. The study sample consists of 342 teachers determined by simple random sampling method. Personal information form, trust in principal scale and teacher voice scale are used to obtain data. Since the collected data do not show a normal distribution, non-parametric tests are used for the study. According to the study results, teachers' perceptions of trust in principal and teacher voice are at a high level and as teachers' perceptions of trust in principal increase, their perceptions of teacher voice change in the same direction. The study offers some significant implications for both principals and teachers.
References
- Arar, K. (2018). Arab principals’ and teachers’ perceptions of trust and regulation and their contribution to school processes. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2018.1475576
- Arslantaş, C. C. (2007). An empirical study on the effect of leader-member exchange on trust in supervisor. TİSK Academi Journal, 2(3), 160-173.
- Arslantaş, C. C., & Dursun, M. (2008). The impact of ethical leadership on trust in manager and psychological empowerment: The mediating role of interactional justice. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 111-128.
- Ashford, J. B. & LeCroy, C. (2009). Human behavior in the social environment: A multidimensional perspective. Nelson Education.
- Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S. & Palanski, M. E. (2012). Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership. Journal of Business Ethics, 107, 21-34.
- Aygün, B., & Özen, H. (2019). Investigation of teachers’ perceptions about employee voice:
Phenomenological approach. ESTUDAM Journal of Education, 4(2), 1-21.
- Baş, Ş. (2019). The correlation between teachers’ personality, psychological safety perception and teacher voice (Thesis Num. 538309) [Master’s thesis, Yıldız Technical University- Istanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Bektaş, F., Kılınç, A. Ç., & Gümüş, S. (2020). The effects of distributed leadership on teacher professional learning: mediating roles of teacher trust in principal and teacher motivation. Educational Studies, 48(5), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.202 0.1793301
- Benlioğlu, B. (2021). The role of employee voice and organizational democracy on the effect of psychological safety on in role performance (Thesis Num. 659208) [Doctoral thesis, Baskent University-Ankara]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Berkovich, I. (2018). Typology of trust relationships: profiles of teachers’ trust in principal and their implications. Teachers and Teaching, 24(7), 749-767. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13540602.2018.1483914
Bijlsma, K. M. & Van de Bunt, G. G. (2003). Antecedent of trust in managers: A bottom-up approach. Personel Review, 32(5), 638-673.
- Brewster, C., & Railsback, J. (2003). Building trusting relationships for school improvement: Implications for principals and teachers. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.
- Bryk, A. S. & Schneider, B. (2003). Trust in schools: A core resource for school reform. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 40-45.
- Bulut H., & Bayramlık, H. (2015, October, 22-24). The analysis of employee voice behaviour of teachers [Conference presentation abstract]. 2. Symposium on Higher Education Strategies and Institutional Cooperation, Mersin, Türkiye.
- Bulut, M. Ş. (2012). The effects of the leader and member interaction in terms of reliance between management/supervision and work satisfaction in teachers (Thesis Num. 322469) [Master’s thesis, Yeditepe University-Istanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences]. PegemA Academy.
- Çeliker, U. (2015). Examination study of relationship between teachers’ management participation perception, expectances and organizational dependence levels (Umraniye district sample) (Thesis Num. 393204) [Master’s thesis, Yeditepe University-Istanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Çetin C., & Güven, Ç. (2017). The effect of employees trusts in manager on voice behaviour and research. Marmara University Journal of Öneri, 12(48), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.vi.331583
- Çetin, Ş. (2013). Impact of teachers’ perceptions of organizational support, management openness and personality traits on voice. Educational Research and Reviews, 8(18), 1709-1721.
- Çetin, Ş., & Çakmakçı, C. (2012). Adaptation of the employee voice scale into Turkish. The Journal of Defence and War Studies, 22(2), 1-19.
- Cheng, Jen-W., Shu-Ching C., Jyh-Huei K., & Kuo-Ming, L. (2014). Social relations and voice behavior: The mediating role of psychological safety. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 11, 130-140.
- Cho, Y. J., & Poister, T. H. (2014). Managerial practices, trust in leadership, and performance: Case of the Georgia department of transportation. Public Personal Management, 43(2), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026014523136
- Çoban, Ö., Özdemir, N., & Bellibaş, M. Ş. (2020). Trust in principals, leaders’ focus on instruction, teacher collaboration, and teacher self-efficacy: testing a multilevel mediation model. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220968170
- Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2003). Raising voice, risking retaliation: Events following interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(4), 247-265. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.8.4.247
- Dağlar, H. (2020). The effect of five factor personality traits on organizational silence: A research on teachers. Journal of Business Research-Turk, 12(3), 2487-2500. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.988
- Değirmenci, B., Cahit Öztürk, C., & Büyükbeşe, T. (2022). The mediating role of internal motivation and organizational learning on the effect of trust in the manager on service innovation performance: A study in the finance sector of Adıyaman. Gazi Journal of Economics and Business, 8(1), 124-144.
- Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869-884.
- Detert, J. R., & Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Implicit voice theories: Taken for-granted rules of self-censorship at work. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 461-488. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2011.61967925
- Doğan, S. & Karakuş, B. (2020). The opinions of secondary school teachers on organizational trust. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE),21(2), 994-1014.
- Doğan, S. (2019). The effect of the perceived transformational leadership style on the confidence on the manager and research (Thesis Num. 566664) [Master’s thesis, Istanbul University -Istanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Doğan, S., & Karataş, A. (2012). The importance of ethics in creating an environment of social responsibility and trust in organizations. Atatürk University Trends in Business and Economics, 26(1), 93-109.
- Duman, Ş. (2018). Structural empowerment, trust to the manager, and leader-member exchange as the predictors of the psychological empowerment of secondary school teachers (Thesis Num. 524672) [Doctoral thesis, Gazi University-Ankara]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Edmondson, A. C. (2003). Speaking up in the operating room: How team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1419-1452.
- Ertürk, R. (2019). Ethical leadership behaviors of school principals, trust perceptions of school teachers and organizational commitment in terms of various variables. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 20(1), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.17679/in uefd.389648
- Frost, D. (2008). Teacher leadership: values and voice. School Leadership and Management, 28(4), 337-352.
- Gao, L., Janssen, O., & Shi, K. (2011). Leader trust and employee voice: The moderating role of empowering leader behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(4), 787-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.015
- Ghamrawi, N. (2011). Trust me: your school can be better—a message from teachers to principals. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39(3), 333–348.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143210393997
- Göktaş-Kulualp, H. (2016). Determining the relationship between some personal and organizational features with employee voice: A study on academics. Ege Academic Review, 16(4), 745-761.
- Goddard, R. D., Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, W. K. (2001). A multilevel examination of the distribution and effects of teacher trust in students and parents in urban elementary schools. The Elementary School Journal, 102(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1086/499690
- Gozali, C., Claassen Thrush, E., Soto-Peña, M., Whang, C., & Luschei, T. F. (2017). Teacher voice in global conversations around education access, equity, and quality. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 4(1), 32-51.
- Gürler, M. (2018). Analyzing the mediating effect of employee voice in the relationship between the teachers’ leader-member exchange and work engagement (Thesis Num. 524845) [Doctoral thesis, Anadolu University-Eskisehir]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Gyurko, J. (2012). Teacher voice. [Unpublished doctoral thesis, New York Columbia University].
- Handford, V., & Leithwood, K. (2013). Why teachers trust school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(2), 194–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/095782313113047 06
- Hargreaves, A., & Shirley, D. (2011). The far side of educational reform. Canadian Teachers’ Federation.
- Heneveld, W. (2007). Whose reality counts? local educators as researchers on the quality of primary education. International Review of Education, 53(5-6), 639-663.
- Holland, P. J., Allen, B. C., & Cooper, B. K. (2013). Reducing burnout in Australian nurses: the role of employee direct voice and managerial responsiveness. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), 3146-3162. https://doi.org/10.1080 /09585192.2013.775032
- Honingh, M., & Hooge, E. (2014). The effect of school-leader support and participation in decision making on teacher collaboration in Dutch primary and secondary schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(1), 75-98. https://doi.org/10. 1177/1741143213499256
- Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2008). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice (8nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Hoy, W. K., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2003). The Conceptualization and Measurement of Faculty Trust in Schools: The omnibus T-Scale. In W. K. Hoy & C. G. Miskel (Eds.), Theory and research in educational administration (pp. 181-208). Information Age Publishing.
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2007). Short on power, long on responsibility. Educational Leadership, 65(1), 20-25.
- İslamoğlu, G., Birsel, M., & Börü, D. (2007). Trust within the organization. Revolution Bookstore.
- Janssen, O., & Gao, L. (2015). Supervisory responsiveness and employee self-perceived status and voice behavior. Journal of Management, 41(7), 1854-1872.
- Kahlenberg, R. D., & Potter, H. (2015). Why teacher voice matters. American Educator, 38(4), 6-7.
- Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi, ilkeler, teknikler [Scientific research method, principles, techniques]. Nobel Publishing.
- Keçeci, M., Süer C., Meriç K., Dural, U., & Çalışkan, E. (2017). The impact of internal communication and the perceived power sources on trust in supervisor and organization. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 52(2), 156-178.
- Kıranlı Güngör, S., & Potuk, A. (2018). Teachers’ perceptions of mobbing, organizational justice, and organizational silence and interrelatedness. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 33(3), 723-742. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2018036553
- Kovac, J., & Jesenko, M. (2010). The connection between trust and leadership styles in Slovene organizations. Journal for East European Management Studies, 1, 9-33.
- LePine, J. A., & Van Dyne, L. (1998). Predicting voice behavior in work groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 853-868. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.853
- Li, Y., & Sun, J. M. (2015). Traditional Chinese leadership and employee voice behavior: A cross-level examination. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 172-189.
- Mayer, R. C., & Gavin, M. B. (2005). Trust in management and performance: Who minds the shop while the employees watch the boss? Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), 874-888.
- Maynes, T. D., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2014). Speaking more broadly: an examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034284.
- Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1453-1476.
- Moçoşoğlu, B., & Kaya, A. (2021). Investigation of teachers’ perceptions regarding organizational silence and voice in educational institutions. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, 20(42), 1382-1408. https://doi.org/10.46928/ iticusbe.883837
- Morrison, E. F., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic academy of management. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
- Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373-412.
- Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 173-197.
- Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725. https://doi.org/10.2307/259200
- Moye, M. J., Henkin, A. B., & Egley, R. J. (2005). Teacher-principal relationships: Exploring linkages between empowerment and interpersonal trust. Journal of Educational Administration, 43(3), 260–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/095782305105947 96
- Near J. P., & Miceli M. P. (2008). Wrongdoing, whistle-blowing, and retaliation in the U.S. government: What have researchers learned from the merit systems protection board (mspb) survey results? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 28(3), 263-281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X08319153
- Özdamar, K. (2002). Paket programlar ile istatistik veri analizi (4. Baskı). Kaan Kitapevi.
- Özyılmaz, B. (2020). The effect of paternalistic leadership on employee voice: A research on employees in the food industry (Thesis Num. 635046) [Master’s thesis, Celal Bayar University-Manisa]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Perry R. W., & Mankin L. D. (2007). Organizational trust, trust in the chief executive and work satisfaction. Public Personnel Management, 36(2), 165-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600703600205
- Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research In Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369.
- Polat, S. (2007). Relation between organizational justice perceptions, organizational trust levels and organizational citizenship behaviors of secondary education teachers (Thesis Num. 220383) [Doctoral thesis, Kocaeli University-Kocaeli]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre.
- Premeaux, S. F., & Bedeian, A. G. (2003). Breaking the silence: the moderating effects of self-monitoring in predicting speaking up in the workplace. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1537-1562.
- Qi, Y., & Ming-Xia, L. (2014). Ethical leadership, organizational identification and employee voice: Examining moderated mediation process in Chinese insurance industry. Asia Pacific Business Review, 20(2), 231-248.
- Renzl, B. (2008). Trust in management and knowledge sharing: The mediating effects of fear and knowledge documentation. Omega, 36(2), 206-220.
- Sadykova, G., & Tutar, H. (2014). A study on the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational trust. Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts, 93, 43-65. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sayistay/issue/61548/919136
- Sağnak, M. (2017). Ethical leadership and teachers’ voice behaviour: The mediating roles of ethical culture and psychological safety. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17(4), 1101-1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2017.4.0113
- Sue-Chan, C., Au, Al K. C., & Hackett, R. D. (2012). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between leader/member behaviour and leader-member exchange quality. Journal of World Business, 47(3), 459-468.
- Tan, H. H., & Tan, C. S. F. (2000). Toward the differentiation of trust in supervisor and trust in organization. Genetic, Social and Psychology Monographs, 126(2), 241-260.
- Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R. (2008). Exploring nonlinearity in employee voice: The effects of personal control and organizational identification. Academy of Management Journal, 51(6), 1189-1203.
- Tangirala, S., Kamdar, D., Venkataramani, V., & Parke, M. R. (2013). Doing right versus getting ahead: The effects of duty and achievement orientations on employees’ voice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(6), 1040-1050. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033855
- Tschannen-Moran, M. (2011). In search of trust: Contributing to the understanding of a taken- for–Granted construct. In M. F. DiPaola & P. B. Forsyth (eds.), Leading research in educational administration (1–15). Information Age Publishing.
- Tschannen-Moran M., & Gareis, C. R. (2015). Principals, trust, and cultivating vibrant schools. Societies, 5(2), 256-276. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc5020256
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, W. K. (2000). A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust. Review of Educational Research, 70(4), 547-593. https://doi.org/10.2307/1170781
- Tuti, G., & Ada, Ş. (2019). Relationship between school administrators’ capabilities of change method according to secondary school teachers’ perceptions and organizational trust level. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Faculty of Education, 50, 494-521.
- Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi [Scientific research process and data analysis with SPSS]. Detay Publishing.
- Van Dyne, L. V., & Lepine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
- Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40,1359-1392.
- Van Dyne, L., Cummings, L. L. & Mclean, P. J. (1995). Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (A bridge over muddied waters). Research in Organizational Behavior, 17, 215-285.
- Van Maele, D., & Van Houtte, M. (2015). Trust in school: a pathway to inhibit teacher burnout? Journal of Educational Administration, 53(1), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2014-0018
- Walumbwa, F. O., & Schaubroeck, J. (2009). Leader personality traits and employee voice behavior: Mediating role of ethical leadership and work group psychological safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1275-1286.
- Wijaya, N. H. S. (2019). Proactive personality, LMX, and voice behavior: employee-supervisor sex (Dis) similarity as a moderator. Management Communication Quarterly, 33(1), 86-100.
- Wong, Carol A., & Greta G. Cummings. (2009). The influence of authentic leadership behaviors on trust and work outcomes of health care staff. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(2), 6-23.
- Zengin, Y. (2019). The effect of dark leadership on organizational voice and job satisfaction. Kafkas University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 10(19), 310-337
- Zhang, A. Y., Tsui, A. S., Song, L. J., Li, C., & Jia, L. (2008). How do I trust thee? The employee‐organization relationship, supervisory support, and middle manager trust in the organization. Human Resource Management, 47(1), 111-132.