CONSCIENCE AND LAW

Abstract

Conscience’s status in modern times is related with the new-genuine situation which emerges as a result of externalization of the relationship with the authority in general, i.e. as a result of separation between what is moral and what is lawful. In this new situation, expectations and concerns about one’s doings and behaviors are not moral but are limited in juridical, statutory level. In other words, the fear of being judged over moral reasons are superseded by the fear of being accused and getting punishment juristically. This situation means, not only that a big gap is being opened between morality and law, but also an acceptance for the relationship with conscience’s being broken off altogether

References

1. Arendt, Hannah, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (Penguin Classics) September 22, 2006.
2. Asad, Talal, Formations of Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity, Stanford University Press, 2003.
3. Bascomb, Neal, Hunting Eichmann: How a Band of Survivors and a Young Spy Agency Chased Down the World’s Most Notorious Nazi, Mariner Books, 2010.
4. Blass, Thomas (Ed.), Obedience to Authority: Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm, Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.
5. Butler, Judith, Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence, Verso, 2004.
6. Dinstein, Yoram, The Defence of ‘Obedience to Superior Orders’ in International Law, Reprinted Edition, Oxford University Press, 2012.
7. Freud, Sigmund, On Metapsychology - The Theory of Psychoanalysis: “Beyond the Pleasure Principle”, “Ego and the Id” and Other Works (Penguin Freud library), 27 Jun 1991.
8. Fromm, Erich, Man for Himself: An Inquiry Into the Psychology of Ethics, 2002, Routledge.

9. Kafka, Franz, The Trial, Trans. by David Wyllie, ‪Courier Corporation, 2009.
10. Kant, Immanuel, An Answer to The Question: What is Enlightenment? (1784), Trans. Ted Humphrey, in, Perpetual Peace, and Other Essays on Politics, History, and Moral Practice, Hackett Publishing, 1983.
11. Kant, Immanuel, Pratik Aklın Eleştirisi, Trans.: Mete Tunçay, Meteksan Matbası, Ankara, 1980.
12. Kant, Immanuel, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason: And Other Writings, Trans. Allen Wood and George di Giovanni, January 28, 1999.
13. Langston, Douglas C., Conscience and Other Virtues: From Bonaventure to Macintyre, The Pennsylvania State University, 2001.
14. Lévinas, Emmanuel, Humanism of the Other, Trans. Nidra Poller, The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, 2003.
15. Maclure, Jocelyn & Taylor, Charles, Secularism and Freedom of Conscience, Trans. Jane Marie Todd, President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2011.
16. Meyer, Philip. ESQUIRE, Vol. 74 (1970).
17. Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, (371–378).
18. Friedrich Nietzsche, Human All Too Human, Part 2, Trans. Paul V. Cohn, 2011, The Project Gutenberg E-Book.
19. Orwin, Clifford & Tarcoy, Nathan (ed.), The Legacy of Rousseau, The University of Chicago Press, 1997.
20. Plato, Defence of Socrates, Euthyphro, and Crito, Trans. David Gallop, Oxford University Press, 1997.
21. Ridley, Aaron, Nietzsche’s Conscience: Six Character Studies from the Genealogy, Cornell University, 1998.
22. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: The Basic Political Writings: Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts, Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, Discourse on Political Economy, ... Contract, The State of War, Trans. Donald A. Cress, (Hackett Classics) June 15, 2012.
23. Shapiro, Ian & Adams, Robert (ed.), Integrity and Conscience, New York University Press, 1998.