Research Article
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Yumuşak Güçte Eğitim ve Yükseköğretim

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 43, 2601 - 2626, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.1503782

Abstract

Güç, uluslararası ilişkilerde temel bir kavram olup devletler arasındaki etkileşimlerde belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Realizm, liberalizm ve konstrüktivizm gibi teoriler gücün doğasını farklı açılardan incelemektedir. Realizm, devletlerin güç ve güvenlik arayışında olduğunu savunurken, liberalizm uluslararası iş birliği ve normların önemini vurgulamaktadır. Konstrüktivizm ise fikirler, normlar ve değerlerin etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Sert güç, askeri ve ekonomik baskıya dayanırken, yumuşak güç kültürel çekicilik, diplomasi ve eğitim aracılığıyla etki oluşturmaktadır. Joseph Nye tarafından geliştirilen yumuşak güç kavramı, kültür, siyasi değerler ve politikaların çekiciliğine dayanmaktadır. Eğitim ve onun bir parçası olan yükseköğretim yumuşak gücün önemli bir aracı olarak, devletlerin uluslararası alanda cazibe ve etki yaratmasını sağlamaktadır. Uluslararası öğrenciler ve sahip olunan eğitim sistemi, bir devletin yumuşak gücünü artırarak küresel düzeyde daha güçlü bir etki oluşturmaktadır.

References

  • Akyıl, L. (2017). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Algı Yönetimi Aracı: Propaganda Sineması. Journal of Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Art, 2(2), 129-139.
  • Art, R. J., & Waltz, K.N. (1999). The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics. Newyork: Rowman & Littlefield Publications.
  • Aydemir, A. (2016). Dış Politikada Yumuşak Güç ve Medya. Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • Baldwin, D. A. (2013). Power in International Relations. In Carlsnaes, Walter, Risse, Thomas & Beth A. Simons (Ed), Handbook of International Relations. London: Sage Publication, 273-297.
  • Brown, C. & Ainley, K. (2013). Uluslararası İlişkileri Anlamak (M. G. Ayral, Çev.), Sümer Kitabevi.
  • Fan, Y. (2008). Soft Power: Power of Attraction or Confusion? Place Branding and Power Diplomacy, 4(2), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2008.4
  • Freeman, C., & Louça, F. (2001). As Time Goes By: From the Industrial Revolutions to the Information Revolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gallarotti, G. (2011). Soft Power: What is it why it’s important and the conditions under which it can be effectively used. Journal of Political Power, 4(1), 25-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2011.557886
  • Hopf, T. (2013). Common-sense constructivism and hegemony in world politics. International Organization, 67(3), 317–354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000040
  • Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Drifte, R. (1996). The Use of Soft Power in Japan’s Foreign Relations. In Japan’s Foreign Policy in the 1990s. St Antony’s Series. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372368_4
  • Ferguson, N. (2009). “Think Again: Power”, Foreign Policy, 3.11.2009, https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/11/03/think-again-power/
  • Hong, M. (2021). Evaluating the soft power of outbound student mobility: an analysis of Australia’s New Colombo Plan. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(3), 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1872054
  • Kalathil, S. (2011). China’s Soft Power in the Information Age: Think Again. ISD Working Papers in New Diplomacy, 1-12 https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/isd/0024954/f_0024954_20385.pdf
  • Landes, D. (1998). The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor. London: Norton & Company.
  • Lee, G. (2009). A Theory of Soft Power and Korea’s Soft Power Strategy. Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 21(2), 205-218.
  • Li, J., & Xue, E. (2022). The rising soft power: An educational foreign exchange and cooperation policy conceptual framework in China. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(12), 1329–1338.
  • Morgenthau, H. J (1970). Uluslararası Politika: Güç ve Barış Mücadelesi, Cilt:1, (B.Oran & Ü. Oskay, Çev.), Türk Siyasi İlimler Derneği Yayınları
  • Morgenthau, H. J (1993). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. 6. Baskı, New York: Mc Graw Hill.
  • Moravcsik, A. (2017). Europe Is Still a Superpower, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/13/europe-is-still-a-superpower/
  • Medin, B., & Koyuncu, S. (2017). Bir Yumuşak Güç Aracı Olarak Sinema: Hollywood Örneği. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(3), 836-844.
  • Mellors-Bourne, R., Humfrey, C., Kemp, N., & Woodfield, S. (2013). The wider benefits of international higher education in the UK. London: Department for Business Innovation and Skills.
  • Nye, J.S. (1990). Bound to Lead: The changing nature of American power. New York: Basic Books
  • Nye, J.S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2005). Soft Power and Higher Education. https://library.educause.edu/-/media/files/library/2005/1/ffp0502s-pdf
  • Nye, J.S. (2006). Think again: Soft power, Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2006/02/23/think-again-soft-power/
  • Nye, J.S. (2008). The Powers to Lead, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nye, J.S. (2011). The Future of Power. New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J.S. (2021). Soft Power: The Evolution of a Concept, Journal of Political Power, 14(1), 196-208.
  • Özel, C. (2018). Yumuşak Güce Bütünsel Bakış. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.422722
  • Sandıklı, A. (2015). Türkiye’nin Jeopolitiği Yumuşak Güç Savaşları ve Terörizm, Bilgesam Yayınları
  • Sümer, Z.G. (2020). Yumuşak Güç Yanılgısı, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 1143-1160. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.663240
  • Şahin, M., & Orhan Çifçi, O. (2022). Amerikan Dış Politikasında Yumuşak Güç Enstrümanları ve Kültürel Diplomasi. Türkiye’nin Yumuşak Güç Enstrümanı Olarak Kültürel Diplomasi ve İletişim, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Yayınları, 231-257.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (2019). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü. 11. Baskı.
  • Valieva, J. (2018). Cultural Soft Power of Korea. Journal of History Culture and Art Research. 7(4), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i4.1837
  • Vuving, A.L (2009). How Soft Power Works. https://dkiapcss.edu/Publications/Vuving%20How%20soft%20power%20works%20APSA%202009.pdf
  • Walt, S. (1998). International Relations: One World, Many Theories. Foreign Policy, 110, 29-46. https://doi.org/10.2307/1149275
  • Watanabe, Y., & McConnell, D. L. (2008). Soft power superpowers: Cultural and national assets of Japan and the United States. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Wojciuk, A. (2018). “Higher education as a soft power in international relations". In Handbook of Cultural Security. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786437747.00025
  • Wojciuk, A., Michałek, M., & Stormowska, M. (2015). Education as a source and tool of soft power in international relations. European Political Science, 14(3), 298–317. https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2015.25
  • Yapıcı, U. (2015). Yumuşak Güç Ölçülebilir mi?. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 12 (47), 5-25.
  • Yılmaz, A. N., & Kılıçoğlu, G. (2017). Avrupa Birliği’nin Yumuşak Güç Kullanımı ve Diğer Ülkeler Üzerindeki Olumlu Etkisi. Bartın Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi. 8(15), 83-118.
Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 43, 2601 - 2626, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.1503782

Abstract

References

  • Akyıl, L. (2017). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Algı Yönetimi Aracı: Propaganda Sineması. Journal of Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Art, 2(2), 129-139.
  • Art, R. J., & Waltz, K.N. (1999). The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics. Newyork: Rowman & Littlefield Publications.
  • Aydemir, A. (2016). Dış Politikada Yumuşak Güç ve Medya. Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • Baldwin, D. A. (2013). Power in International Relations. In Carlsnaes, Walter, Risse, Thomas & Beth A. Simons (Ed), Handbook of International Relations. London: Sage Publication, 273-297.
  • Brown, C. & Ainley, K. (2013). Uluslararası İlişkileri Anlamak (M. G. Ayral, Çev.), Sümer Kitabevi.
  • Fan, Y. (2008). Soft Power: Power of Attraction or Confusion? Place Branding and Power Diplomacy, 4(2), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2008.4
  • Freeman, C., & Louça, F. (2001). As Time Goes By: From the Industrial Revolutions to the Information Revolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gallarotti, G. (2011). Soft Power: What is it why it’s important and the conditions under which it can be effectively used. Journal of Political Power, 4(1), 25-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2011.557886
  • Hopf, T. (2013). Common-sense constructivism and hegemony in world politics. International Organization, 67(3), 317–354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000040
  • Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Drifte, R. (1996). The Use of Soft Power in Japan’s Foreign Relations. In Japan’s Foreign Policy in the 1990s. St Antony’s Series. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372368_4
  • Ferguson, N. (2009). “Think Again: Power”, Foreign Policy, 3.11.2009, https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/11/03/think-again-power/
  • Hong, M. (2021). Evaluating the soft power of outbound student mobility: an analysis of Australia’s New Colombo Plan. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(3), 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1872054
  • Kalathil, S. (2011). China’s Soft Power in the Information Age: Think Again. ISD Working Papers in New Diplomacy, 1-12 https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/isd/0024954/f_0024954_20385.pdf
  • Landes, D. (1998). The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor. London: Norton & Company.
  • Lee, G. (2009). A Theory of Soft Power and Korea’s Soft Power Strategy. Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 21(2), 205-218.
  • Li, J., & Xue, E. (2022). The rising soft power: An educational foreign exchange and cooperation policy conceptual framework in China. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(12), 1329–1338.
  • Morgenthau, H. J (1970). Uluslararası Politika: Güç ve Barış Mücadelesi, Cilt:1, (B.Oran & Ü. Oskay, Çev.), Türk Siyasi İlimler Derneği Yayınları
  • Morgenthau, H. J (1993). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. 6. Baskı, New York: Mc Graw Hill.
  • Moravcsik, A. (2017). Europe Is Still a Superpower, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/13/europe-is-still-a-superpower/
  • Medin, B., & Koyuncu, S. (2017). Bir Yumuşak Güç Aracı Olarak Sinema: Hollywood Örneği. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(3), 836-844.
  • Mellors-Bourne, R., Humfrey, C., Kemp, N., & Woodfield, S. (2013). The wider benefits of international higher education in the UK. London: Department for Business Innovation and Skills.
  • Nye, J.S. (1990). Bound to Lead: The changing nature of American power. New York: Basic Books
  • Nye, J.S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2005). Soft Power and Higher Education. https://library.educause.edu/-/media/files/library/2005/1/ffp0502s-pdf
  • Nye, J.S. (2006). Think again: Soft power, Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2006/02/23/think-again-soft-power/
  • Nye, J.S. (2008). The Powers to Lead, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nye, J.S. (2011). The Future of Power. New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J.S. (2021). Soft Power: The Evolution of a Concept, Journal of Political Power, 14(1), 196-208.
  • Özel, C. (2018). Yumuşak Güce Bütünsel Bakış. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.422722
  • Sandıklı, A. (2015). Türkiye’nin Jeopolitiği Yumuşak Güç Savaşları ve Terörizm, Bilgesam Yayınları
  • Sümer, Z.G. (2020). Yumuşak Güç Yanılgısı, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 1143-1160. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.663240
  • Şahin, M., & Orhan Çifçi, O. (2022). Amerikan Dış Politikasında Yumuşak Güç Enstrümanları ve Kültürel Diplomasi. Türkiye’nin Yumuşak Güç Enstrümanı Olarak Kültürel Diplomasi ve İletişim, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Yayınları, 231-257.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (2019). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü. 11. Baskı.
  • Valieva, J. (2018). Cultural Soft Power of Korea. Journal of History Culture and Art Research. 7(4), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i4.1837
  • Vuving, A.L (2009). How Soft Power Works. https://dkiapcss.edu/Publications/Vuving%20How%20soft%20power%20works%20APSA%202009.pdf
  • Walt, S. (1998). International Relations: One World, Many Theories. Foreign Policy, 110, 29-46. https://doi.org/10.2307/1149275
  • Watanabe, Y., & McConnell, D. L. (2008). Soft power superpowers: Cultural and national assets of Japan and the United States. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Wojciuk, A. (2018). “Higher education as a soft power in international relations". In Handbook of Cultural Security. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786437747.00025
  • Wojciuk, A., Michałek, M., & Stormowska, M. (2015). Education as a source and tool of soft power in international relations. European Political Science, 14(3), 298–317. https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2015.25
  • Yapıcı, U. (2015). Yumuşak Güç Ölçülebilir mi?. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 12 (47), 5-25.
  • Yılmaz, A. N., & Kılıçoğlu, G. (2017). Avrupa Birliği’nin Yumuşak Güç Kullanımı ve Diğer Ülkeler Üzerindeki Olumlu Etkisi. Bartın Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi. 8(15), 83-118.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Higher Education Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fırat Güzeldağ 0000-0001-9214-6506

Early Pub Date September 30, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date June 23, 2024
Acceptance Date September 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 19 Issue: 43

Cite

APA Güzeldağ, F. (2024). Yumuşak Güçte Eğitim ve Yükseköğretim. Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(43), 2601-2626. https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.1503782