Lebanon is a country stuck between Israel and Syria. With her fragile structure, in which there were many different personalities, he could not achieve stability with full meaning throughout history. Ethnic and religious diversity within the country; As a result of civil war, occupation, assassination and foreign interference, the fragile structure of the country has turned the country into a center of conflict and chaos far from independence.
The purpose of our work: Along with the Muslim communities with which we are already familiar, was to analyze the ethnic and religious groups living in Lebanon, effective in the country's policies and affecting integration. We studied the orientation of the main religious groups living in the country and these groups on politics under a weak structure, the boundary of our article is determined with the fact that thoughts in the social structure are becoming deeper and deeper as a factor of tolerance on the political field. In connection with the definition of the boundaries of our dissertation, events taking place in the historical process of the country and their influence to date have been included in our field of study. Religious groups and their influence in the country. This is a question of our research. This is a study of the structure of Lebanon that affects social integration and impedes the maintenance of political stability in the country. To this end, work was studied one by one, similar studies were identified, and we performed data analysis while maintaining the originality of the study. The society that provokes chaos in the country was opened by reference and tried to obtain an objective assessment and conclusion on the article.
In 1932, the first and last census was conducted in Lebanon. It owes two important documents on the existence of the political system that still exists in the country. These are: the National Pact and the Taif Agreements. An important document is the Taif Agreement. When the document expanded the powers of the Sunni prime minister, the power and powers of the head of state, Maruni, were reduced. In 1943, the National Pact was signed. Under the Covenant, which is considered the founder of the country; The Government and political offices are in accordance with the population of the sect. According to the national PAC: President Maruniy, Chairman of the Shia Parliament, Prime Minister Sunni and members of Parliament can hold office between Christians and Muslims with a ratio of 6/5.
The political system, created after independence in 1943, has undergone minor changes. However, the new system was not sufficient for integration, which affected the intervention of Syria and the Lebanese İsrail'in in religious divisions within the country, and causes such as the Arap-İsrail war and the Palestinian question impeded integration. On October 22, 1989, at the initiative of international organizations, the Taif Agreement was signed aimed at ensuring peace and restoring balance in the country. The Presidential Council consists of 128 delegates from Christian Marunias. Therefore, from the point of view of integration and merger, the Agreement is a turning point for Lebanon. Sunni has a veto on a president who cannot independently appoint a council. It was presented in accordance with the new Taif order against the unjust distribution of Muslims and Christians in parliament. While the powers of the president were reduced, and the powers of the prime minister and cabinet were strengthened, the police in the country were disarmed.
Our article, prepared in the field of the Middle East and politics, contains completely theoretical content. Data collected with careful examination of the literature. Information collected after literature scanning is subject to evaluation. This article describes the problems of Lebanon's integration, and then describes the religious groups that influence events in political history. According to our article, various religious groups and thoughts prevail in Lebanon. Demonstrating an environment in which the influence of social structure in politics becomes even deeper with the help of the cult factor also determines the boundaries of our article. In connection with the definition of the boundaries of our article, events taking place in the historical process of the country and their influence to date have been included in our sphere of study. Religious groups and their influence in the country. In literature, works were studied one by one. The originality of the study was also preserved, having established whether there are a number of studies or practical attempts similar to our work. We analyzed the data. The society that provokes chaos in the country was opened by reference and tried to obtain an objective assessment and conclusion on the article.
Coğrafi ve siyasi açıdan İsrail ile Suriye arasında sıkışıp kalmış bir ülke olan Lübnan; içerisindeki birçok farklı kimliğin kırılgan yapısıyla, tarih boyunca tam anlamı ile istikrarı yakalayamamıştır. Ülke içindeki etnik ve dini çeşitliliğe; iç savaş, işgaller, suikastlar ve dış devlet müdahaleleri gibi etkenler, ülkeyi bağımsızlıktan uzak, çatışmanın ve kaosun merkezi haline getirmiştir. Siyasi-idari yapısıyla ve bünyesinde barındırdığı çeşitli etnik-dini gruplar ile Ortadoğu’da kendine has özellikleriyle tanınan Lübnan, 1943 yılında bağımsızlığa kavuşmuştur. Ülkedeki toplumsal bütünleşmeye farklı dini ve mezhepsel aktörlerin engel olduğu yapı ulusal kimliğin de oluşmasına engel teşkil etmektedir. Bundan dolayı ülkede, toplumun durumuna göre şekillenen Fransız dönemindeki manda yönetiminden kalma yönetim yapıları uygulanmıştır. Lübnan’da 1932 yılında ilk ve son kez nüfus sayımı yapılmış ve bu nüfus sayımına göre Ulusal paktın kabulünü Marunî ve Sünni ailelerin temsilcileri gerçekleştirmiştir. Ülkenin kuruluşundan günümüze kadar uygulanan siyasal sistem varlığını Ulusal Pakt ve Taif Anlaşması olmak üzere iki önemli belgeye borçludur.
Ortadoğu ve siyaset alanında hazırlanıp tamamen teorik bir içeriğe sahip olan çalışmamızın amacı; zaten aşina olduğumuz Müslüman topluluklarının yanında Lübnan bölgesinde yaşayan, ülke siyasetinde etkili olan ve bütünleşmeyi etkileyen etnik ve dinsel grupların analiz edilmesi olmuştur. Ülkede yaşayan belli başlı dini grupların ve bu grupların zaimlik yapısı altında siyasete yön vermesi incelenmiştir. Sosyal yapıdaki düşüncelerin siyaset meydanında mezhep faktörüyle daha da derinleştiği ortamın gösterilmesiyle makalemizin sınırları belirlenmiştir. Yine makalemizin sınırlarını belirlemek amacıyla ülkenin tarihsel süreçte yaşadığı olaylar ve günümüzdeki etkisi, inceleme alanımız içerisinde yer almıştır. Sonrasında ülkedeki toplumsal yapı dini gruplar ve etkileriyle birlikte ele alınmıştır. Buradan hareketle araştırmamızın konusu; Lübnan’da toplumsal bütünleşmeyi etkileyen ve ülkede siyasal istikrarın sağlanmasına engel olan yapının incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla çalışmamız kapsamına giren eserler teker teker incelenmiş, benzer araştırmalar tespit edilerek çalışmanın özgünlüğü korunarak veriler ışığında analizlerimiz yapılmıştır. Ülkedeki kaosu tetikleyen toplumsal yapı referanslarla ortaya konulup, objektif bir değerlendirme ile makale ilgili sonuç elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 31, 2020 |
Submission Date | November 24, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 |