Research Article
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Comparison of Event Quality Perceptions of Turkish and Foreign Spectators in Major Spectator Sports Organizations: The Example of the European Aerobic Gymnastics Championship

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 18 - 26, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.55929/besad.1548688

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare Turkish and foreign spectators’ event quality in international sport organization. Descriptive survey method, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was utilized for this study. Sample of this research was consisted of 114 Turkish and 105 foreign, totally 219 spectators. There were 58 male and 161 female voluntarily participated in this study. Their ages were ranged from 13 to 66 (M=30.26, SD=15.00) years. The data measurement tool was “Assessment of Event Quality in Major Spectator Sports: Single-item Measures” which was developed by Ko et al. (2023) and translated into Turkish context by Tunç & Uğur (2023). Data were collected from European Aerobic Gymnastic Championship held in Antalya dates 17-19 December 2023. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 package programme. ANOVA, one of the statistical analyzes, was used. Results showed that participants generally had high enjoyment from European Aerobic Gymnastic Championship. Results also indicated that Turkish spectators had higher event quality perception than those in foreign spectators, however there was no statistical difference. In gender variable, although there was no statistically significant difference, females’ perception of event quality was found to be higher than male participants. As a conclusion, it has been determined that Turkish and foreign spectators participating in the European Aerobic Gymnastics Championship have high perceptions of event quality, but there is no difference between them. Moreover, it was concluded that there was no difference in terms of gender.

Supporting Institution

This study has been supported by the 2209-A Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students.

Project Number

1919B012305465

References

  • Atalı, L., & Sekban, G. (2018). Buz Hokeyi Dünya Şampiyonası seyircilerinin etkinliğe yönelik kalite algısı (U18-DIV III-Grup B-Türkiye-2014). Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (35), 193-206.
  • Avrupa Cimnastik Federasyonu. (2022). Aerobic Gymnastics. https://www.europeangymnastics.com/
  • Aypay, A. (2015). Araştırma Yöntemleri: Desen ve Analiz. Ankara.
  • Biscaia, R., Correia, A., Santos, T., Ross, S., & Yoshida, M. (2017). Service quality and value perceptions of the 2014
  • FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Event Management, 21(2), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599517X14878772869685
  • Espinoza, J.R.I. (2021). La calidad de servicio en la administración pública. Horizonte empresarial, 8(1), 425-437. https://doi.org/10.26495/rce.v8i1.1648
  • Getz, D., O’Neill, M., & Carlsen, J. (2001). Service quality evaluation at events through service mapping. Journal of Travel Research, 39(4), 380–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750103900404
  • Grönroos, C. (1984). A service quality model and its marketing implications. European Journal of marketing, 18(4), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004784
  • Kankal, M. B. (2008). 9-12 yaş grubu aerobik jimnastik ve ritmik jimnastik sporcularının fiziksel, fizyolojik ve performans özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması [Doktora tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım
  • Karasar, N. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma teknikleri: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kelley, S. W., & Turley, L. W. (2001). Consumer perceptions of service quality attributes at sporting events. Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148- 2963(99)00084-3.
  • Kim, S. K., Yim, B. H., Byon, K. K., Yu, J. G., Lee, S. M., & Park, J. A. (2016). Spectator perception of service quality attributes associated with Shanghai Formula One. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 19(2), 153–171 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-04-2016-011
  • Ko, Y. J., Zhang, J. J., Cattani, K., & Pastore, D. L. (2011). Assessment of event quality of majör spectator sports. Managing Service Quality, 21(3), 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604521111127983
  • Ko, Y. J., Kwon, H. H., Kim, T., Park, C., & Song, K. (2023). Assessment of event quality in major spectator sports: Single-item measures. Journal of Global Sport Management, 8(4), 1008-1024. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.2001353
  • Koo, G. Y. (2009). Examination of the causal effects between the dimensions of service quality and spectator satisfaction in minor league baseball. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-11-01-2009-B004
  • Lee, J. H., Kim, H. D., Ko, Y. J., & Sagas, M. (2011). The influence of service quality on satisfaction and intention: A gender segmentation strategy. Sport Management Review, 14(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2010.02.002
  • Lin, N. P., Chiu, H. C., & Hsieh, Y. C. (2001). Investigating the relationship between service providers’ personality and customers’ perceptions of service quality across gender. Total Quality Management, 12(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954412002001 0093
  • Martin, D. S., Howell, R., Newman, C., & Martin, K. (2012). Validation of Eventserv-short: A brief measure of customer satisfaction with game day services. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 22(4), 386–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604521211253487
  • Martinez, J. A., & Martinez, L. (2010). Some insights on conceptualizing and measuring service quality. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 17(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jretconser.2009.09.002
  • Morquecho-Sánchez, R., Morales-Sánchez, V., Ceballos-Gurrola, O., & Medina-Rodríguez, R. E. (2016). Cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad percibida en organizaciones de servicios deportivos universitarios (qunisport v. mx): programa factor. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 11(2), 271-277. https://doi.org/10.26495/rce.v8i1.1648
  • Niculescu, G., Lacatus, D. I., & Turkcapar, U. (2010). Up to-dating the approach to the learning the jumps and leaps in the top Aerobic Gymnastics. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series VIII: Performing Arts, 109-114.
  • Raiola, G., Giugno, Y., Scassillo, I., & Di Tore, P. A. (2013). An experimental study on aerobic gymnastic: Performance analysis as an effective evaluation for technique and teaching of motor gestures. http://dx.doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.8.Proc2.32
  • Robinson, M. J., & Trail, G. T. (2005). Relationships among spectator gender, motives, points of attachment, and sport preference. Journal of Sport Management, 19(1), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.19.1.58
  • Serrano, J. A., & Segado Segado, F. (2015). Analysing instruments for measuring perceived sport service quality: A literature review. Cultura_Ciencia_Deporte [CCD], 10(28). https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v10i28.516
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental Designs Using ANOVA (Vol. 724). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
  • Theodorakis, N., Kambitsis, C., Laios, A., & Koustelios, A. (2001). Relationship between measures of service quality and satisfaction of spectators in professional sport. Managing Service Quality: an International Journal, 11(6), 431–438. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520110410638
  • Tunç, A. A., & Uğur, O. A. (2023). Büyük katılımlı spor organizasyonlarında seyircilerin etkinlik kalitesini değerlendirmesi: Tek madde ölçümü. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(2), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.55929/besad.1345991
  • Türkeri, C. (2002). Sportif aerobik cimnastik sporcularında antropometrik ölçümler ve esneklik arasındaki ilişkiler [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi

Büyük Katılımlı Spor Organizasyonlarında Türk ve Yabancı Ülke Seyircilerinin Etkinlik Kalitesi Algılarının Karşılaştırılması: Avrupa Aerobik Cimnastik Şampiyonası Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 18 - 26, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.55929/besad.1548688

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında Türk ve farklı ülke seyircilerinin etkinlik kalitesi algılarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 114 Türk ve 105 yabancı uyruklu, toplamda 219 seyirci oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların 58’i erkek ve 161’i kadın seyirci olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaş ortalamaları incelendiğinde katılımcıların 13 ile 66 (X̄=30.26, Ss=15.00) yaş aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri Ko ve arkadaşları (2023) tarafından geliştirilen ve Tunç & Uğur (2023) tarafından Türk kültürüne uyarlanan “Büyük Katılımlı Spor Organizasyonlarında Seyircilerin Etkinlik Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Madde Ölçümü” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri 17-19 Aralık 2023 tarihlerinde Antalya’da düzenlenen Aerobik Cimnastik Avrupa Şampiyonasında toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, SPSS 26.0 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz işlemleri için ANOVA analizi tercih edilmiştir. Bulgular katılımcıların Aerobik Cimnastik Avrupa Şampiyonası’nın kalitesini genel olarak beğendiğini ve Türk seyircilerin etkinlik kalitesi algılarının yabancı seyircilerden yüksek olduğunu ancak istatistiksel olarak farklılık olmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca cinsiyet açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olmasa da ortalama değerlere göre kadınların etkinlik kalitesi algısı erkek katılımcılardan yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Aerobik Cimnastik Avrupa Şampiyonasına katılan Türk ve yabancı seyircilerin etkinlik kalitesi algılarının yüksek olduğu ancak aralarında fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyet açısından ise farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma 2209-A Üniversitesi Öğrenci Araştırma Projeleri Destek Programı tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

1919B012305465

References

  • Atalı, L., & Sekban, G. (2018). Buz Hokeyi Dünya Şampiyonası seyircilerinin etkinliğe yönelik kalite algısı (U18-DIV III-Grup B-Türkiye-2014). Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (35), 193-206.
  • Avrupa Cimnastik Federasyonu. (2022). Aerobic Gymnastics. https://www.europeangymnastics.com/
  • Aypay, A. (2015). Araştırma Yöntemleri: Desen ve Analiz. Ankara.
  • Biscaia, R., Correia, A., Santos, T., Ross, S., & Yoshida, M. (2017). Service quality and value perceptions of the 2014
  • FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Event Management, 21(2), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599517X14878772869685
  • Espinoza, J.R.I. (2021). La calidad de servicio en la administración pública. Horizonte empresarial, 8(1), 425-437. https://doi.org/10.26495/rce.v8i1.1648
  • Getz, D., O’Neill, M., & Carlsen, J. (2001). Service quality evaluation at events through service mapping. Journal of Travel Research, 39(4), 380–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750103900404
  • Grönroos, C. (1984). A service quality model and its marketing implications. European Journal of marketing, 18(4), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004784
  • Kankal, M. B. (2008). 9-12 yaş grubu aerobik jimnastik ve ritmik jimnastik sporcularının fiziksel, fizyolojik ve performans özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması [Doktora tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım
  • Karasar, N. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma teknikleri: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kelley, S. W., & Turley, L. W. (2001). Consumer perceptions of service quality attributes at sporting events. Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148- 2963(99)00084-3.
  • Kim, S. K., Yim, B. H., Byon, K. K., Yu, J. G., Lee, S. M., & Park, J. A. (2016). Spectator perception of service quality attributes associated with Shanghai Formula One. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 19(2), 153–171 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-04-2016-011
  • Ko, Y. J., Zhang, J. J., Cattani, K., & Pastore, D. L. (2011). Assessment of event quality of majör spectator sports. Managing Service Quality, 21(3), 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604521111127983
  • Ko, Y. J., Kwon, H. H., Kim, T., Park, C., & Song, K. (2023). Assessment of event quality in major spectator sports: Single-item measures. Journal of Global Sport Management, 8(4), 1008-1024. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.2001353
  • Koo, G. Y. (2009). Examination of the causal effects between the dimensions of service quality and spectator satisfaction in minor league baseball. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-11-01-2009-B004
  • Lee, J. H., Kim, H. D., Ko, Y. J., & Sagas, M. (2011). The influence of service quality on satisfaction and intention: A gender segmentation strategy. Sport Management Review, 14(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2010.02.002
  • Lin, N. P., Chiu, H. C., & Hsieh, Y. C. (2001). Investigating the relationship between service providers’ personality and customers’ perceptions of service quality across gender. Total Quality Management, 12(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954412002001 0093
  • Martin, D. S., Howell, R., Newman, C., & Martin, K. (2012). Validation of Eventserv-short: A brief measure of customer satisfaction with game day services. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 22(4), 386–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604521211253487
  • Martinez, J. A., & Martinez, L. (2010). Some insights on conceptualizing and measuring service quality. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 17(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jretconser.2009.09.002
  • Morquecho-Sánchez, R., Morales-Sánchez, V., Ceballos-Gurrola, O., & Medina-Rodríguez, R. E. (2016). Cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad percibida en organizaciones de servicios deportivos universitarios (qunisport v. mx): programa factor. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 11(2), 271-277. https://doi.org/10.26495/rce.v8i1.1648
  • Niculescu, G., Lacatus, D. I., & Turkcapar, U. (2010). Up to-dating the approach to the learning the jumps and leaps in the top Aerobic Gymnastics. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series VIII: Performing Arts, 109-114.
  • Raiola, G., Giugno, Y., Scassillo, I., & Di Tore, P. A. (2013). An experimental study on aerobic gymnastic: Performance analysis as an effective evaluation for technique and teaching of motor gestures. http://dx.doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.8.Proc2.32
  • Robinson, M. J., & Trail, G. T. (2005). Relationships among spectator gender, motives, points of attachment, and sport preference. Journal of Sport Management, 19(1), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.19.1.58
  • Serrano, J. A., & Segado Segado, F. (2015). Analysing instruments for measuring perceived sport service quality: A literature review. Cultura_Ciencia_Deporte [CCD], 10(28). https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v10i28.516
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental Designs Using ANOVA (Vol. 724). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
  • Theodorakis, N., Kambitsis, C., Laios, A., & Koustelios, A. (2001). Relationship between measures of service quality and satisfaction of spectators in professional sport. Managing Service Quality: an International Journal, 11(6), 431–438. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520110410638
  • Tunç, A. A., & Uğur, O. A. (2023). Büyük katılımlı spor organizasyonlarında seyircilerin etkinlik kalitesini değerlendirmesi: Tek madde ölçümü. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(2), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.55929/besad.1345991
  • Türkeri, C. (2002). Sportif aerobik cimnastik sporcularında antropometrik ölçümler ve esneklik arasındaki ilişkiler [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Science and Exercise (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ebrar Tabak 0009-0001-7984-1069

Oruç Ali Uğur 0000-0001-5454-7392

Project Number 1919B012305465
Publication Date March 26, 2025
Submission Date September 11, 2024
Acceptance Date December 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tabak, E., & Uğur, O. A. (2025). Büyük Katılımlı Spor Organizasyonlarında Türk ve Yabancı Ülke Seyircilerinin Etkinlik Kalitesi Algılarının Karşılaştırılması: Avrupa Aerobik Cimnastik Şampiyonası Örneği. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Studies, 17(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.55929/besad.1548688