Educational Inequality, Income Inequality and Economic Growth Causality Spiral

Year 2026, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 67 - 98, 28.02.2026

Bayram Aydın

https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1660098

https://izlik.org/JA66UP32DN

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to present the literature measuring the effect of educational inequality on income inequality and economic growth to determine the causality status between the variables in developing countries through BRICS-T countries. While these variables are generally addressed at the level of bilateral relations in the literature, this study offers an original contribution by analyzing the tripartite structure in a holistic manner. For this purpose, annual data between 2010-2022 were employed, the Driscoll-Kraay Standard Error Estimator was used to determine the correlation relationship between the variables, and the panel causality method developed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin was used to determine the causality relationship. In the study, while the Gini index of income was used as a measure of income inequality, the Gini index of education was used as a measure of educational inequality and real income per capita as a measure of economic growth. The obtained results revealed the unidirectional causality from educational inequality to income inequality, the unidirectional causality from economic growth to educational inequality and the unidirectional causality from economic growth to income inequality. This result reveals a kind of causality spiral between education inequality, income inequality and economic growth. These results reveal that structural inequalities in education deepen income inequality and that economic growth is insufficient to eliminate existing inequalities. In addition, the study presents various policy implications to emphasize the importance of equal income distribution and educational equality.

Keywords

Educational Inequality , Income Inequality , Economic Growth , Human Capital

Eğitim Eşitsizliği, Gelir Eşitsizliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme Nedensellik Sarmalı

https://izlik.org/JA66UP32DN

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı eğitim eşitsizliği, gelir eşitsizliği ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiye dair literatürü ortaya koymak ve BRICS-T ülkeleri özelinde gelişmekte olan ülkelerde değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik durumunu tespit etmektir. Literatürde bu değişkenler genellikle ikili ilişkiler düzeyinde ele alınırken, bu çalışma üçlü yapıyı bütüncül biçimde analiz ederek özgün bir katkı sunmaktadır. Bu amaçla, 2010-2022 yılları arasındaki yıllık bazda veriler istihdam edilmiş olup değişkenler arasındaki bağlanım ilişkisinin tespiti için Driscoll-Kraay Standart Hata Tahmincisi kullanılmış ve nedensellik ilişkisinin tespiti için ise Dumitrescu ve Hurlin tarafından geliştirilen panel nedensellik yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada gelir eşitsizliğinin bir ölçüsü olarak gelirin Gini endeksi kullanılırken, eğitimdeki eşitsizliğinin ölçüsü olarak eğitimin Gini endeksi ve ekonomik büyümenin ölçüsü olarak da kişi başı reel gelir kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar; eğitim eşitsizliğinden gelir eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü nedenselliği, ekonomik büyümeden eğitim eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü nedenselliği ve ekonomik büyümeden gelir eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü nedenselliği ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuç eğitim eşitsizliği, gelir eşitsizliği ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki bir çeşit nedensellik sarmalını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, eğitimdeki yapısal eşitsizliklerin gelir adaletsizliğini derinleştirdiğini ve ekonomik büyümenin mevcut eşitsizlikleri ortadan kaldırmakta yetersiz kaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma gelirin eşit dağılımının ve eğitim eşitliliğinin önemini vurgulamak için çeşitli politika çıkarımları sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Eğitim Eşitsizliği , Gelir Eşitsizliği , Ekonomik Büyüme , Beşerî Sermaye

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