Research Article
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The Development of Renewable Energy in Mitigating Climate Change and a Community-Based Approach to Biodiversity Stewardship

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 435 - 456, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1645508

Abstract

Examining the balance between ecosystem conservation and renewable energy production is critical for meeting energy demands sustainably while protecting the natural environment. Failure to achieve this balance may result in short-term gains in energy production being offset by long-term ecological damage. Therefore, it is essential to meticulously assess the potential impacts on ecosystems during the planning and implementation phases of renewable energy projects. The aim of this study is to provide an evaluation of planning approaches that minimize biodiversity loss, particularly during the identification of energy production sites. From this perspective, the study discusses the need to address the development of sustainable energy systems not only in terms of technical and economic dimensions but also by considering their environmental impacts. Additionally, it explores how community participation in the energy transition process can contribute to the formulation of more balanced and inclusive policies by integrating local knowledge and experiences, underpinned by theoretical foundations. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of community involvement in the development and implementation of renewable energy policies in Türkiye, highlighting that the sustainable energy transition must align with ecological principles.

References

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  • Blanchard, R., O’Farrell, P.J. & Richardson, D.M. (2015). Anticipating potential biodiversity conflicts for future biofuel crops in South Africa: incorporating spatial filters with species distribution models. GCB Bioenergy, 7, 273-287.
  • Caramizaru, A. & Uihlein, A. (2020). Energy Communities: An Overview of Energy and Social Innovation. 24 Aralık, 2024 tarihinde https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC119433 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Copernicus (2024). Global Climate Highlights 2024. 12 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://climate.copernicus.eu/sites/default/files/custom-uploads/GCH-2024/GCH2024-PDF-1.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
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  • Dauber, J., Jones, M.B. & Stout, J.C., 2010. The impact of biomass crop cultivation on temperate biodiversity. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 2, 289–309.
  • ETKB (2022). Türkiye ulusal enerji planı. https://enerji.gov.tr/Media/Dizin/EIGM/tr/Raporlar/TUEP/T%C3%BCrkiye_Ulusal_Enerji_Plan%C4%B1.pdf
  • Fawzy, S., Osman, A.I., Doran, J & Rooney, D.W. (2020). Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 18, 2069-2094.
  • Hastik, R., Basso, S., Geitner, C., Haida, C., Poljanec, A., Portaccio, A., Vrščaj,B. & Walzer, C. (2015). Renewable energies and ecosystem service impacts. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 608-623.
  • IEA, (2024a). Global Overview. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024/global-overview
  • IEA (2024b). World energy investment 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2024 Inger, R., Attril, M.J., Bearhop, S., Broderick, A.C., Grecian, W.J., Hodgson, D.J., Mills, C., Sheehan, E., Votier, S.C., Witt, M.J. & Godley, B.J. (2009). Marine renewable energy: potential benefits to biodiversity? An urgent call for research. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, 1145-1153.
  • IPCC (2023). Climate change 2023 synthesis Report. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_LongerReport.pdf
  • IRENA (2024a). Climate action support. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Nov/Climate-Action-Support-2024#:~:text=This%20report%20examines%20national%20and,including%20those%20concerned%20with%20NDCs.
  • IRENA (2024b). Renewable capacity highlights. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2024/Mar/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Highlights_2024.pdf
  • Katzner, T. A., Johnson, J. A., Evans, D. M., Garner, T. W. J., Gompper, M. E., Altwegg, R., Branch, T.A., Gordon, I.J. & Pettorelli, N. (2013). Challenges and opportunities for animal conservation from renewable energy development. Animal Conservation, 16, 367-369.
  • Loarie, S.R., Duffy, P.B., Hamilton, H. Asner, G.P., Field, C.B. & Ackerly, D.D. (2009). The velocity of climate change. Nature, 462, 1052-1055.
  • Martin, T.G. & Watson, J.E.M. (2016). Intact ecosystems provide best defence against climate change. Nature Clim Change, 6, 122–124.
  • McNamara, K. E., & Buggy, L. (2017). Community-based climate change adaptation: a review ofacademic literature. Local Environment, 22(4), 443-460.
  • Mooney, H., Larigauderie, A., Cesario, M., Elmquist, Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lavorel, S. Mace, G.M., Palmer, M., Scholes, R. & Yahara, T. (2009). Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 46-54.
  • Nazir, M. S., Bilal, M., Sohail, H. M., Liu, B., Chen, W., & Iqbal, H. M. (2020). Impacts of renewable energy atlas: Reaping the benefits of renewables and biodiversity threats. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(41), 22113-22124.
  • Nick, S., Guisan, A., Morán-Ordóñez, A. & Ballif, C. (2024). Accelerating Renewable Energy Development While Enhancing Biodiversity Protection in Switzerland. 2 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://www.gmba.unibe.ch/unibe/portal/microsites/micro_gmba/content/e1594357/e1599410/e1604751/pane1604752/e1604836/Nicketal._RE-BDAR2024_eng.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Pettorelli, N., Graham, N.A.J., Seddon, N., Maria Da Cunha Bustamante, M., Lowton, M.J., Sutherland, W.J., Koldewey, H.J., Prentice, H.C. & Barlow, J. (2021). Time to integrate global climate change and biodiversity science‐policy agendas. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58, 2384–2393.
  • Roberts, L.F., Lounsbury, O., Awuzudike, V., Jennings, N. & Lawrance, E.L. (2022). Healthy environments: understanding perceptions of underrepresented communities in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9643.
  • SBB (2023). On ikinci kalkınma planı 2024-2028. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/On-Ikinci-Kalkinma-Plani_2024-2028_11122023.pdf
  • Scovell, M., McCrea, R., Walton, A. & Poruschi, L. (2024). Local acceptance of solar farms: The impact of energy narratives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 189, 114029.
  • Shahzad, U. (2012). The Need for Renewable Energy Sources. International Journal of Information. 3 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316691176_The_Need_For_Renewable_Energy_Sources adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Smith, R., Guevara, O., Wenzel, L., Dudley, N., Petrone-Mendoza, V., Cadena, M. & Rhodes, A. (2019). Ensuring co-benefits for biodiversity, climate change and sustainable development. W. Leal Filho, J. Barbir and R. Preziosi (eds.), Handbook of climate change and biodiversity içinde (ss. 151-166). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Stoms, D. M., Dashiell, S. L., & Davis, F. W. (2013). Siting solar energy development to minimize biological impacts. Renewable Energy, 57, 289-298.
  • Talu, N. & Kocaman, H. (2019). Türkiye’de iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede politikalar, yasal ve kurumsal yapı. 20 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://www.iklimin.org/egitimmateryalleri/TR%20Pol_NT.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Trisos, C.H., Merow, C. & Pigot, A.L. (2020). The projected timing of abrupt ecological disruption from climate change. Nature, 580, 496-501.
  • UNEP (2024). Emissions Gap Report 2024. https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2024
  • van Ruijven, B.J., De Cian, E. & Wing, I.S. (2019). Amplification of future energy demand growth due to climate change. Nat Commun, 10, 2762.

İklim Değişikliği ile Mücadelede Yenilenebilir Enerjinin Gelişimi ve Biyoçeşitliliğin Korunmasına Yönelik Topluluk Temelli Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 435 - 456, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1645508

Abstract

Ekosistemlerin korunması ile yenilenebilir enerji üretimi arasındaki dengeyi incelemek, hem enerji ihtiyacını sürdürülebilir bir şekilde karşılamak hem de doğal çevreyi korumak açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu dengenin sağlanamaması durumunda, kısa vadede enerji üretiminde sağlanan kazançlar, uzun vadede ekolojik tahribatla geri dönebilir. Bu nedenle, yenilenebilir enerji projelerinin planlanması ve uygulanması sürecinde ekosistem üzerindeki olası etkilerin değerlendirilmesi önemli olabilir. Çalışmanın amacı, özellikle enerji üretim alanlarının belirlenmesi aşamasında, biyolojik çeşitlilik kayıplarını en aza indiren planlama yaklaşımlarının benimsenmesine dair bir değerlendirme ortaya koymaktır. Buradan hareketle, çalışmada, sürdürülebilir enerji sistemlerinin geliştirilmesinin, yalnızca teknik ve ekonomik boyutlarıyla değil, aynı zamanda çevresel etkileriyle birlikte ele alınması gerektiği ve enerji dönüşüm sürecinde topluluk katılımının sağlanmasının, yerel bilgi ve deneyimlerin sürece entegre edilerek daha dengeli ve kapsayıcı politikalar üretilmesine katkı sağlama potansiyeli teorik zemine dayandırılarak tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, çalışmada Türkiye özelinde, yenilenebilir enerji politikalarının gelişimi bağlamında toplulukların katılımının önemi sürdürülebilir enerji geçişinin ekolojik ilkelerle uyumlu bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Etik komite onayı ve/veya yasal/özel izin gerektirmeyen bu çalışma, araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygundur.

References

  • ACER (2023). Clean Energy Package. 23 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://www.acer.europa.eu/electricity/about-electricity/clean-energy-package adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Adaman, F. & Arsel, M. (2023). İklim Krizinin Ekonomi Politiği Bağlamında Mekânı Düşünmek. 19 Mart, 2025 tarihinde https://yazokulu.bilimakademisi.org/sosyalbilimler/2023/reading-list/fikret-adaman/mekanda-adalet.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Aghakouchak, A., Chiang, F., Huning, L.S., Love, C.A., Mallakpour, I., Mazdiyasni, O., Moftakhari, F., Papalexiou, S.M., Ragno, E. & Sadegh, M. (2020). Climate extremes and compound hazards in a warming world. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 48, 519-548.
  • Arneth, A., Shin, Y.-J., Leadley, P., Rondinini, C., Bukvareva, E., Kolb, M., Midgley, G.F., Oberdorff, T., Palomo, I. & Saito, O. (2020). Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 117, 30882–30891.
  • Blanchard, R., O’Farrell, P.J. & Richardson, D.M. (2015). Anticipating potential biodiversity conflicts for future biofuel crops in South Africa: incorporating spatial filters with species distribution models. GCB Bioenergy, 7, 273-287.
  • Caramizaru, A. & Uihlein, A. (2020). Energy Communities: An Overview of Energy and Social Innovation. 24 Aralık, 2024 tarihinde https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC119433 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Copernicus (2024). Global Climate Highlights 2024. 12 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://climate.copernicus.eu/sites/default/files/custom-uploads/GCH-2024/GCH2024-PDF-1.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Becker, W.E., Quadrelli, R., Risquez Martin, A., Taghavi-Moharamli, P., Köykkä, J., Grassi, G., Rossi, S., Melo, J., Oom, D., Branco, A., San-Miguel, J., Manca, G., Pisoni, E., Vignati, E. & Pekar, F. (2024). GHG emissions of all world countries. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024
  • Dauber, J., Jones, M.B. & Stout, J.C., 2010. The impact of biomass crop cultivation on temperate biodiversity. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 2, 289–309.
  • ETKB (2022). Türkiye ulusal enerji planı. https://enerji.gov.tr/Media/Dizin/EIGM/tr/Raporlar/TUEP/T%C3%BCrkiye_Ulusal_Enerji_Plan%C4%B1.pdf
  • Fawzy, S., Osman, A.I., Doran, J & Rooney, D.W. (2020). Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 18, 2069-2094.
  • Hastik, R., Basso, S., Geitner, C., Haida, C., Poljanec, A., Portaccio, A., Vrščaj,B. & Walzer, C. (2015). Renewable energies and ecosystem service impacts. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 608-623.
  • IEA, (2024a). Global Overview. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024/global-overview
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  • IPCC (2023). Climate change 2023 synthesis Report. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_LongerReport.pdf
  • IRENA (2024a). Climate action support. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Nov/Climate-Action-Support-2024#:~:text=This%20report%20examines%20national%20and,including%20those%20concerned%20with%20NDCs.
  • IRENA (2024b). Renewable capacity highlights. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2024/Mar/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Highlights_2024.pdf
  • Katzner, T. A., Johnson, J. A., Evans, D. M., Garner, T. W. J., Gompper, M. E., Altwegg, R., Branch, T.A., Gordon, I.J. & Pettorelli, N. (2013). Challenges and opportunities for animal conservation from renewable energy development. Animal Conservation, 16, 367-369.
  • Loarie, S.R., Duffy, P.B., Hamilton, H. Asner, G.P., Field, C.B. & Ackerly, D.D. (2009). The velocity of climate change. Nature, 462, 1052-1055.
  • Martin, T.G. & Watson, J.E.M. (2016). Intact ecosystems provide best defence against climate change. Nature Clim Change, 6, 122–124.
  • McNamara, K. E., & Buggy, L. (2017). Community-based climate change adaptation: a review ofacademic literature. Local Environment, 22(4), 443-460.
  • Mooney, H., Larigauderie, A., Cesario, M., Elmquist, Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lavorel, S. Mace, G.M., Palmer, M., Scholes, R. & Yahara, T. (2009). Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 46-54.
  • Nazir, M. S., Bilal, M., Sohail, H. M., Liu, B., Chen, W., & Iqbal, H. M. (2020). Impacts of renewable energy atlas: Reaping the benefits of renewables and biodiversity threats. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(41), 22113-22124.
  • Nick, S., Guisan, A., Morán-Ordóñez, A. & Ballif, C. (2024). Accelerating Renewable Energy Development While Enhancing Biodiversity Protection in Switzerland. 2 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://www.gmba.unibe.ch/unibe/portal/microsites/micro_gmba/content/e1594357/e1599410/e1604751/pane1604752/e1604836/Nicketal._RE-BDAR2024_eng.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Pettorelli, N., Graham, N.A.J., Seddon, N., Maria Da Cunha Bustamante, M., Lowton, M.J., Sutherland, W.J., Koldewey, H.J., Prentice, H.C. & Barlow, J. (2021). Time to integrate global climate change and biodiversity science‐policy agendas. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58, 2384–2393.
  • Roberts, L.F., Lounsbury, O., Awuzudike, V., Jennings, N. & Lawrance, E.L. (2022). Healthy environments: understanding perceptions of underrepresented communities in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9643.
  • SBB (2023). On ikinci kalkınma planı 2024-2028. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/On-Ikinci-Kalkinma-Plani_2024-2028_11122023.pdf
  • Scovell, M., McCrea, R., Walton, A. & Poruschi, L. (2024). Local acceptance of solar farms: The impact of energy narratives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 189, 114029.
  • Shahzad, U. (2012). The Need for Renewable Energy Sources. International Journal of Information. 3 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316691176_The_Need_For_Renewable_Energy_Sources adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Smith, R., Guevara, O., Wenzel, L., Dudley, N., Petrone-Mendoza, V., Cadena, M. & Rhodes, A. (2019). Ensuring co-benefits for biodiversity, climate change and sustainable development. W. Leal Filho, J. Barbir and R. Preziosi (eds.), Handbook of climate change and biodiversity içinde (ss. 151-166). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Stoms, D. M., Dashiell, S. L., & Davis, F. W. (2013). Siting solar energy development to minimize biological impacts. Renewable Energy, 57, 289-298.
  • Talu, N. & Kocaman, H. (2019). Türkiye’de iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede politikalar, yasal ve kurumsal yapı. 20 Ocak, 2025 tarihinde https://www.iklimin.org/egitimmateryalleri/TR%20Pol_NT.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Trisos, C.H., Merow, C. & Pigot, A.L. (2020). The projected timing of abrupt ecological disruption from climate change. Nature, 580, 496-501.
  • UNEP (2024). Emissions Gap Report 2024. https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2024
  • van Ruijven, B.J., De Cian, E. & Wing, I.S. (2019). Amplification of future energy demand growth due to climate change. Nat Commun, 10, 2762.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ecological Economics, Natural Resources Economy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Orhan Şimşek 0000-0002-1636-9684

Güneş Kurtuluş 0000-0002-6675-330X

Early Pub Date May 24, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date February 23, 2025
Acceptance Date April 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şimşek, O., & Kurtuluş, G. (2025). İklim Değişikliği ile Mücadelede Yenilenebilir Enerjinin Gelişimi ve Biyoçeşitliliğin Korunmasına Yönelik Topluluk Temelli Bir Yaklaşım. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 10(2), 435-456. https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1645508

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