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John Burton’ın Hadisin Kökenine Dair Teorisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 53 - 72, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.33460/beuifd.1283997

Abstract

Batılı araştırmacılar hadis literatürünün kökeni ve tarihî güvenilirliği meselesiyle yaklaşık olarak XIX. asrın üçüncü çeyreğinden itibaren ilgilenmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda yapılan araştırmalardan bazıları özgünlükleri ve sonraki araştırmalara ilham vermeleri açısından öne çıkmaktadırlar. Söz konusu çalışmalar hadislerin kökeni, rivayeti ve hadis literatürü ile ilgili son derece mühim meselelere dair temel iddialarda bulunmuş ve sonrasında modern dönem tarihî tenkit yöntemlerinden hareketle bu meseleleri anlamaya ve çözmeye çalışmışlardır. Bu bağlamda John Burton’ın (öl. 2014) hadis literatürünün kökenine dair teorisi seleflerinden oldukça etkilenmiş görünmektedir. Ancak yine de Kur’an’ın hadis literatürünün oluşumundaki rolü hakkındaki düşünceleri bazı açılardan özgündür. Bu sebeple Burton hadise dair düşünceleri bakımından tartışılması gereken bir araştırmacıdır. Burton’ın Kur’an ve tarihi üzerine düşünceleri Türkiye’de tefsir alanında uzman pek çok araştırmacı tarafından farklı bakış açılarıyla incelenmiştir. Ancak hadis literatürü hakkındaki fikirlerine dair herhangi bir çalışma mevcut değildir. Bu makalede, Burton’ın Kur’an yazmalarına dair teorisinin ve metodunun hadise dair düşüncelerini nasıl etkilediği An Introduction to the Hadīth adlı kitabından hareketle ortaya konulacaktır. Öncelikle, onun teorisinin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırladığı düşünülen entelektüel geçmişi özet bir biçimde ele alınacak ve hadis literatürünün kökenleri hakkındaki görüşlerinden bahsedilecektir. Ardından Burton’ın hadislerin kökenine dair görüşlerinin bir özeti ve değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır. Son olarak, Batılı öncü hadis araştırmacılardan Ignaz Goldziher (öl. 1921) ve Joseph Schacht (öl. 1969) ile Burton’ın fikirlerinin bir mukayesesi yapılacak ve görüşleri İslamî bir perspektiften yorumlanacaktır.

References

  • Alshahri, Mohammed S H. “A Critical Study of Western Views on Hadīth with Special Reference to the views of James Robson and John Burton”. Doctoral thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011.
  • Berg, Herbert, The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam: The Authenticity of Muslim Literature from the Formative Period, Curzon Press, Richmond, 2000.
  • Brown, Daniel. “Review of An Introduction to the Hadīth by John Burton”. International Journal of Middle East Studies. Vol. 31(2) 1999, 275-276.
  • Burton, John. An Introduction to Hadīth. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1995.
  • Burton, John. “Notes Towards a Fresh Perspective on the Islamic Sunna”, edt. Harald Motzki. Hadīth. The Formation of the Classical Islamic World. London and New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Burton, John. The Collection of the Qur’ān. Cambridge University Press, 1977.
  • Burton, John. Kitab al-Nasikh wa-l mansukh of Abu Ubayd Al-Qasim b. Sallam. Cambridge: Gibb Memorial Trust, 1987.
  • Burton, John. The Sources of Islamic Law: Islamic Theories of Abrogation. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. Muslim Studies, 2, translated by C.R. Barber, S.M. Stern, London: Gerge Allen&Unwin Ltd., 1971.
  • Motzki, Harald. “Introduction”, edt. Harald Motzki, Hadīth. The Formation of the Classical Islamic World. London and New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Rippin, Andrew. “The Sources of Islamic Law: Islamic Theories of Abrogation by John Burton”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 54/2 (1991), 362-364.
  • Schacht, Joseph. The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1975.
  • Schoeler, Gregor. “The Codification of the Qur’ān: A Comment on the Hypotheses of Burton and Wansbrough”. The Qur’ān in Context. edt. Angelika Neuwirth et al. Leiden: Brill 2009, 779-794.
  • Songur, Haluk. “John Burton (1929-) -The Collection of the Qur’ān Adlı Eseri Özelinde-”. İslâm Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 (2004), 203-217.
  • Kızıl, Fatma. “In Pursuit of a Common Paradigm: Islamic and Western Hadīth Studies”. Hıkma: Journal of Islamic Theology and Islamic Education. 6/10 (April 2015), 11-32.
  • Kızıl, Fatma. Müşterek Râvi Teorisi ve Tenkidi. İstanbul: İsam Yayınları, 2019.
  • Kızıl, Fatma. “Oryantalistlerin Akademik Hadis Araştırmaları: Ana Eğilimler, Yerleşik Kabuller ve Temel İddialar”. Hadis ve Siyer Araştırmaları V/I (2019), 155-245.
  • Kızıl, Fatma. “The Reception and Representation of Western Hadth Studies in Turkish Academe”, Modern Hadīth Studies Continuing Debates and New Approaches, Belal Abu-Alabbas et al. 171-191. UK.: Edinburgh University Press, 2020.
  • Koç, Mehmet Akif. “John Burton’un -Kur’an’da Gramer Hataları- Adlı Makalesinin Tenkidi”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 35/1 (1996), 553-559.
  • Mete, Şeyma. “The Views of John Burton on The Qur‘ānic History in the Context of His Work The Collection of The Qur’ān”. Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 27/2 (December 2022), 375-392.
  • Wansbrough, John. “The Collection of the Qur’ān by John Burton”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 41/2 (1978), 370-371.

A Study of John Burton’s Theory on the Origins of the Hadīth

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 53 - 72, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.33460/beuifd.1283997

Abstract

Western scholars have been interested in the origins and historical reliability of ḥadīth literature since roughly the third quarter of the XIX. century. There have been scholars whose works stand out because of their significance for further Hadīth scholarship and originality. They all claimed crucial problems regarding the origins and transmission of Hadīth and its literature, then struggled to solve them through the modern methods of literary and historical criticism. In this context, John Burton’s (d. 2014) work seems to be highly influenced by his predecessors. Yet, his idea about the role of the Qur’ān in the development of Hadīth literature has still been considered original. Hence, Burton could be considered one of the authors whose ideas on Hadīth scholarship have proven to be influential enough to raise discussions. Burton’s views on the Qur’ān and its history have been studied from different angles by Turkish researchers. But little is known about his theses on the Hadīth literature. This article will focus on how his theory and method on the Qur’ān manuscripts shaped his arguments in An Introduction to the Hadīth. First, there will be a brief introduction to John Burton’s intellectual biography followed by an examination of his main theses regarding the classical Hadīth scholarship. Second, an evaluation and summary of Burton’s ideas on the origins of Hadīth will be presented. Finally, his conclusions will be compared with the views of prominent Western Hadīth scholars such as Ignaz Goldziher (d. 1921) and Joseph Schacht (d. 1969) and will be reviewed from the Islamic perspective.

References

  • Alshahri, Mohammed S H. “A Critical Study of Western Views on Hadīth with Special Reference to the views of James Robson and John Burton”. Doctoral thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011.
  • Berg, Herbert, The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam: The Authenticity of Muslim Literature from the Formative Period, Curzon Press, Richmond, 2000.
  • Brown, Daniel. “Review of An Introduction to the Hadīth by John Burton”. International Journal of Middle East Studies. Vol. 31(2) 1999, 275-276.
  • Burton, John. An Introduction to Hadīth. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1995.
  • Burton, John. “Notes Towards a Fresh Perspective on the Islamic Sunna”, edt. Harald Motzki. Hadīth. The Formation of the Classical Islamic World. London and New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Burton, John. The Collection of the Qur’ān. Cambridge University Press, 1977.
  • Burton, John. Kitab al-Nasikh wa-l mansukh of Abu Ubayd Al-Qasim b. Sallam. Cambridge: Gibb Memorial Trust, 1987.
  • Burton, John. The Sources of Islamic Law: Islamic Theories of Abrogation. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. Muslim Studies, 2, translated by C.R. Barber, S.M. Stern, London: Gerge Allen&Unwin Ltd., 1971.
  • Motzki, Harald. “Introduction”, edt. Harald Motzki, Hadīth. The Formation of the Classical Islamic World. London and New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Rippin, Andrew. “The Sources of Islamic Law: Islamic Theories of Abrogation by John Burton”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 54/2 (1991), 362-364.
  • Schacht, Joseph. The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1975.
  • Schoeler, Gregor. “The Codification of the Qur’ān: A Comment on the Hypotheses of Burton and Wansbrough”. The Qur’ān in Context. edt. Angelika Neuwirth et al. Leiden: Brill 2009, 779-794.
  • Songur, Haluk. “John Burton (1929-) -The Collection of the Qur’ān Adlı Eseri Özelinde-”. İslâm Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 (2004), 203-217.
  • Kızıl, Fatma. “In Pursuit of a Common Paradigm: Islamic and Western Hadīth Studies”. Hıkma: Journal of Islamic Theology and Islamic Education. 6/10 (April 2015), 11-32.
  • Kızıl, Fatma. Müşterek Râvi Teorisi ve Tenkidi. İstanbul: İsam Yayınları, 2019.
  • Kızıl, Fatma. “Oryantalistlerin Akademik Hadis Araştırmaları: Ana Eğilimler, Yerleşik Kabuller ve Temel İddialar”. Hadis ve Siyer Araştırmaları V/I (2019), 155-245.
  • Kızıl, Fatma. “The Reception and Representation of Western Hadth Studies in Turkish Academe”, Modern Hadīth Studies Continuing Debates and New Approaches, Belal Abu-Alabbas et al. 171-191. UK.: Edinburgh University Press, 2020.
  • Koç, Mehmet Akif. “John Burton’un -Kur’an’da Gramer Hataları- Adlı Makalesinin Tenkidi”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 35/1 (1996), 553-559.
  • Mete, Şeyma. “The Views of John Burton on The Qur‘ānic History in the Context of His Work The Collection of The Qur’ān”. Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 27/2 (December 2022), 375-392.
  • Wansbrough, John. “The Collection of the Qur’ān by John Burton”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 41/2 (1978), 370-371.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Dilek Tekin 0000-0002-6445-9414

Publication Date June 15, 2023
Submission Date April 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

ISNAD Tekin, Dilek. “A Study of John Burton’s Theory on the Origins of the Hadīth”. BEÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 10/1 (June 2023), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.33460/beuifd.1283997.

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