ÇİN’DE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, YOKSULLUK VE GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ: DÜNYA EKONOMİSİNDE KONUMU

Abstract

Çin, 1978 yılında uygulamaya başladığı başarılı reformlar ve dışa açılma politikası sonrasında önemli bir ekonomik büyüme performansı gösterdi ve gayrisafi yurtiçi hâsılası 1978-2010 yılları arasında yıllık ortalama %10 büyüdü. Ancak, ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması kadar toplumun yaşam kalitesinin yükseltilmesi ve gelirin adil dağıtılması da önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, 1978 yılı sonrasında hızlı ekonomik büyümesi ve dünya ekonomisinde artan rolü ile dikkatleri üzerinde toplayan Çin’de ekonomik büyüme ile birlikte yoksulluk ve gelir eşitsizliği düzeyinin nasıl bir eğilim gösterdiği, bunun nedenleri ve dünya ekonomisindeki konumunun ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, genel olarak Dünya Bankası’nın ekonomik büyüme, yoksulluk ve gelir eşitsizliği verileri kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, piyasaya dayalı hızlı ve sürekli büyümenin ülkede yoksulluğu azaltırken yoksulluğun azaltılmasını yavaşlatan gelir eşitsizliğine neden olduğu ve Çin’in kısa sürede gelir dağılımında adaleti en fazla bozulan ülke konumuna geldiği görülmektedir. Son yıllarda büyümenin geçmiş yıllara göre yavaşlaması ile gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizlik daha fazla dikkat çekmektedir.

Keywords

• Yoksulluk,Gelir eşitsizliği,ekonomik büyüme

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