ÇİN’DE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, YOKSULLUK VE GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ: DÜNYA EKONOMİSİNDE KONUMU

Year 2017, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 13 - 37, 30.06.2017

Meriç Subaşı Ertekin

Abstract

Çin,
1978 yılında uygulamaya başladığı başarılı reformlar ve dışa açılma politikası
sonrasında önemli bir ekonomik büyüme performansı gösterdi ve gayrisafi yurtiçi
hâsılası 1978-2010 yılları arasında yıllık ortalama %10 büyüdü. Ancak, ekonomik
büyümenin sağlanması kadar toplumun yaşam kalitesinin yükseltilmesi ve gelirin
adil dağıtılması da önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, 1978 yılı sonrasında hızlı
ekonomik büyümesi ve dünya ekonomisinde artan rolü ile dikkatleri üzerinde
toplayan Çin’de ekonomik büyüme ile birlikte yoksulluk ve gelir eşitsizliği
düzeyinin nasıl bir eğilim gösterdiği, bunun nedenleri ve dünya ekonomisindeki
konumunun ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, genel olarak Dünya
Bankası’nın ekonomik büyüme, yoksulluk ve gelir eşitsizliği verileri kullanılmaktadır.
Sonuç olarak, piyasaya dayalı hızlı ve sürekli büyümenin ülkede yoksulluğu
azaltırken yoksulluğun azaltılmasını yavaşlatan gelir eşitsizliğine neden olduğu
ve Çin’in kısa sürede gelir dağılımında adaleti en fazla bozulan ülke konumuna
geldiği görülmektedir. Son yıllarda büyümenin geçmiş yıllara göre yavaşlaması
ile gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizlik daha fazla dikkat çekmektedir.

Keywords

Yoksulluk, Gelir eşitsizliği, ekonomik büyüme

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