THE EFFECT OF LOGISTIC PERFORMANCE ON RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION OF SHIPYARDS’ RELATIONS WITH SUPPLIERS

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 1 - 168, 01.12.2018

Ahmet Durmaz Mehmet Bilge Kağan Önaçan

Abstract

Ship-building is an important production industry which comprises composition of products from industries such as defense, iron-steel, dyeing, machine, plastic, electric-electronic and information technology. Because of its intertwinement to various industry branches, managing, controlling and coordinating the relationships between firms effectively in ship-building industry is an obligation. In this research, it was aimed to identify the connection between logistic performance and relationship satisfaction in shipyards which is a major actor in the ship-building industry. In the context of research, we implemented a descriptive research in an attempt to assess how much perceived logistic performance which is composed of effectiveness, efficiency, and differentiation affects relationship satisfaction that is forming between firms in supply chains. Within the scope of this study, data was gathered with a survey, from 101 employees working in the supply chain, logistics and procurement management departments of shipyards operating in various regions of Turkey and member of Turkish Shipbuilders’ Association. Afterward, the data was subjected to statistical analyses via SPSS and WarpPls package programs in order to measure correlational relations between variables.Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity tests, partial least squares method for the solution of structural equation model are some of types of analyses that were carried out. According to results, effectiveness, efficiency and differentiation, which are the antecedents of logistic performance, have significant effects, proving the importance of those antecedents. Relatively prominent effect of differentiation on logistic performance is another substantial finding. Moreover, due to salient effect of logistic performance on relationship satisfaction, it is determined that logistic performance is essential in acquiring relationship satisfaction, especially in supply chain networks. It is considered that this research contributes to the literature in a unique way by being the first research which has been made measuring the effect of logistic performance on relationship satisfaction in Turkey and also in the ship-building sector.

Keywords

Logistics, Logistics Performance, Supply Chain, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Differentiation, Relationship Satisfaction, Shipyards.

TERSANELERİN TEDARİKÇİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİLERİNDE LOJİSTİK PERFORMANSIN İLİŞKİ MEMNUNİYETİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Gemi inşa sanayisi; savunma, demir-çelik, boya, makine, lastik-plastik, elektrik-elektronik ve bilişim sanayi gibi sanayi ürünlerinin bileşimini içeren önemli bir imalat sanayisidir. Bir çok sanayi ile bağlantılı olması sebebiyle gemi inşa sanayisinde, işletmeler arası ilişkilerin düzenlenmesi, kontrolü ve koordinesinin etkin bir şekilde yürütülmesi bir zorunluluktur. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, gemi inşa sanayisinin önemli aktörlerinden olan tersanelerdeki lojistik performans ile ilişki memnuniyeti arasındaki bağın araştırılmasıdır. Araştırma kapsamında, etkililik, etkinlik, farklılaştırmadan oluşan algılanan lojistik performansın, tedarik zinciri kapsamındaki işletmeler arasında oluşan ilişki memnuniyetini ne derecede etkilediğini tespit etmek için tanımlayıcı araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye Gemi İnşa Sanayicileri Birliği üyesi olan ve Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren tersanelerde görev yapan 101 adet lojistik, tedarik zinciri ve satınalma personelinden anket ile veri toplanmıştır. Toplanan veri, SPSS ve WarpPls programları kullanılarak istatistiksel analizlere tabi tutulmuş, değişkenler arasındaki korelasyonel ilişkiler ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında icra edilen testler arasında doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik testleri, kısmi en küçük kareler yöntemi ile yapısal eşitlik modelinin çözüm testi bulunmaktadır. Sonuçlara göre, lojistik etkililik, etkinlik ve farklılaştırma değişkenlerinin lojistik performans üzerinde anlamlı etkilere sahip olduğu görülmüş, ayrıca bu üç değişkenin lojistik performansı açıklamada büyük öneme sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer önemli bulgu ise farklılaştırma değişkeninin diğer iki unsura göre lojistik performans üzerinde görece daha büyük etkisinin olduğudur. Ayrıca, lojistik performansın ilişki memnuniyeti üzerideki anlamlı etkisi, özellikle tedarik zincirlerinde ilişki memnuniyetinin elde edilmesinde lojistik performansın ne kadar önemli bir unsur olduğunu göstermiştir. Lojistik performansın ilişki memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisini Türkiye’de ve aynı zamanda gemi inşa sektöründe ölçen ilk çalışma olması nedeniyle bu çalışmanın literatürde yeni bir araştırma yönünün açılmasında önemli bir rol oynayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Lojistik, Lojistik Performans, Tedarik Zinciri, Etkililik, Etkinlik, Farklılaşma, İlişki Memnuniyeti, Tersaneler.

References

• Acedo, M.A., R. Fernandez-Ortiz and G. Fuentes. (2007). “Variables determining the profitability of export companies. An empirical Analysis”, Meeting of the 3rd Iberian International Business Conference, February 7, in Aveiro, Portugal.
• Acs, Z.J., Morck, R.K. and Yeung, B. (2001). “Entrepreneurship, globalisation, and public policy”, Journal of International Management, 7 (3), p. 235-51.
• Aharoni, Y. (1966). The foreign investment decision process. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.
• Ahokangas, P. (1998). “Internationalization and resources: an analysis of processes in Nordic SMSs”, doctoral dissertation, Universitas Wasaensis, Vaasa.
• Andersson, S., Gabrielsson, J. and Wictor, I. (2006). “Born Globals' foreign market channel strategies”. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 1(4), p. 356-373.
• Aktaş, K. (2015). “Uluslararası İşletmelerde Stratejik Yönetim”, Uluslararası Yönetim ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), s. 16.
• Atik, S. (2007). “Küreselleşme ve Küresel İşletmeler”. İstanbul: TC Kadir Has Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dali, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
• Atlı, H., ve Kartal, B. (2014). “Küresel doğan işletmelerde girişimcinin bireysel özelliklerinin erken uluslararasılaşmadaki rolü”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 39, s. 145-158.
• Aspelund, A., Koed Madsen, T. and Moen, Q. (2007). “A review of the foundation, international marketing strategies, and performance of international new ventures”, European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), p. 1423-1448.
• Axinn, C. N. and Matthyssens, P. (2002). “Limits of internationalization theories in an unlimited world”, International marketing review, 19(5), p. 436-449.
• Bal, E., ve Kunday, A. Ö. (2014). “Investigating the Role of Entrepreneurial Traits and Human Capital on the Internationalization Degree of Small and Medium Enterprises in Turkey”, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(8).
• Barringer, BR. and Greening, DW (1998). “Small business growth through internationalization: A comparative case study”, Journal of Business Venturing, 13 (2), pp. 467–492.
• Berning, S. C. and Holtbrügge, D. (2012). “Chinese outward foreign direct investment—a challenge for traditional internationalization theories?”, Journal für Betriebswirtschaft, 62(3-4), p. 169-224.
• Buckley, P.J. and Ghauri, P.N. (1993). “Introduction and overview”, in Buckley, P.J. and Ghauri, P.N. (Eds), The Internationalization of the Firm: A Reader, Academic Press, London, p. ix-xxi.
• Buckley, P. J. (1999). “Foreign direct investment by small and medium sized enterprises: The theoretical background.” In P. J. Buckley & P. N. Ghauri (Eds.), The internationalization of the firm (pp. 1999–). NY: International Thomson Business Press.
• Chetty, S. and Campbell-Hunt, C. (2004). “A strategic approach to internationalization: a traditional versus a “born-global” approach”, Journal of International marketing, 12(1), p. 57-81.
• Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G. and Rose, E. L. (2014). International Business. Pearson Australia.
• Cavusgil, S. T. and Knight, G. (2015). “The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities perspective on early and rapid internationalization”, Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), p. 3-16.
• Coase, R.H. (1937). The Nature of the Firm. Economica.
• Conner, K. (1991). “A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics: do we have a new theory of the firm?”, Journal of Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, p. 121-54.
• Dunning, J.H. (1988). Explaining International Production, Unwin, London.
• Efrat, K. and Shoham, A. (2012). “Born global firms: The differences between their short-and long-term performance drivers”, Journal of World Business, 47(4), p. 675-685.
• Ekmekçi, A. K. ve Ural, T. (2008). “Yeni tip işletmeler: Global doğan işletmelerin oluşum nedenleri ve özellikleri”, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Öneri Hakemli Dergi, 29, (2), s. 3-32.
• Etemad, H. (2004). “Internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises: A grounded theoretical framework and an overview”. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences. 21(1), p. 1–21.
• Faiz, E. ve Üner, M. M. (2015). “Uluslararası Girişimciliğin Proaktiflik Boyutu: Küresel Doğan İşletmeler Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 70(4).
• Fernández-Ortiz, R. and Lombardo, G. F. (2009). “Influence of the capacities of top management on the internationalization of SMEs”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21(2), p. 131-154.
• Foss, N.J., Knudsen, K. and Montgomery, C. (1995). “An extrapolation of common ground: integrating evolutionary and strategic theories of the firm”, in Montgomery, C.A. (Ed.), Resource-based and Evolutionary Theories of the Firm: Toward a Synthesis, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, p. 1- 17.
• Freeman, S., Hutchings, K. and Chetty, S. (2012). “Born-globals and culturally proximate markets”, Management International Review, 52(3), p. 425-460.
• Gabrielsson, M. (2005). “Branding strategies of born globals”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 3(3), p. 199-222.
• Gabrielsson, M., Sasi, V. and Darling, J. (2004). “Finance strategies of rapidly-growing Finnish SMEs: born internationals and born globals”, European Business Review, 16(6), p. 590-604.
• Grant R.M., Jammine A.P. and Thomas H. (1988). “Diversity diversification and profitability among British manufacturing companies, 1972–1984”, Academy of Management Journal, 31, p. 771–801.
• Hollensen, S. (2007). Global marketing: A decision-oriented approach. Pearson education.
• Hughes, M., Martin, S. L., Morgan, R. E. and Robson, M. J. (2010). “Realizing product-market advantage in high-technology international new ventures: The mediating role of ambidextrous innovation”. Journal of International Marketing, 18(4), p. 1-21.
• Jantunen, A., Nummela, N., Puumalainen, K. and Saarenketo, S. (2008). “Strategic orientations of born globals—Do they really matter?”, Journal of world business, 43(2), pp. 158-170
• Johanson, J. and Mattson, L.-G. (1993). “Internationalization in industrial systems – a network approach, strategies in global competition”, in Buckley, P.J. and Ghauri, P.N. (Eds), The Internationalization of the Firm: A Reader, Academic Press, London, pp. 303-22.
• Johanson, J. and L.-G. Mattsson. (1988). “Internationalization in industrial systems - a network approach” in N. Hood and J.-E. Vahlne, editors, Strategies in global competition. London: Croom Helm.
• Johanson, J. and Vahlne J.E. (1977). “The Internationalization Process Of The Firm- A Model Of Knowledge Development And Increasing Foreign Market Commitment”, Journal Of International Business Studies, 8, p. 23-32.
• Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J.E. (1990). “The Mechanism of Internationalization”, International Marketing Review, 7(4), p. 11-23.
• Johanson, J. and Wiedersheim‐Paul, F. (1975). “The internationalization of the firm—four Swedish cases”, Journal of management studies, 12(3), p. 305-323.
• Kalyoncuoğlu, S. ve Üner, M.M. (2010). “İşletmelerin Küresel Doğmasına Etki Eden Kurucu/Üst Düzey Yönetici Özellikleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(3), p. 1-42.
• Karadeniz, E. ve Göçer, K. (2007). “Internationalization of small firms: A case study of Turkish small-and medium-sized enterprises”, European Business Review, 19(5), p. 387-403.
• Karagozoglu, N. and Lindell, M. (1998). “Internationalization of small and medium sized technology based firms: An exploratory study”, Journal of Small Business Management, 36(1), p.44–59.
• Knight, G. A. and Liesch, P. W. (2016). “Internationalization: From incremental to born global”, Journal of World Business, 51(1), p. 93-102.
• Knight, G.A. and Çavuşgil, S.T. (1996). “The Born Global Firm: A Challenge to Traditional Internationalization Theory”, Advances İn International Marketing, 8, p. 11-26.
• Knight, G. A. and Cavusgil, S. T. (2004). “Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm”, Journal of international business studies, 35(2), p. 124-141.
• Knight, G., Koed Madsen, T. and Servais, P. (2004). “An inquiry into born-global firms in Europe and the USA”, International Marketing Review, 21(6), p. 645-665.
• Kogut B. (1985). “Designing global strategies: Comparative and competitive value added chains”, Sloan Management Review, 27 (2), pp. 27–38.
• Kuivalainen, O., Sundqvist, S. and Servais, P. (2007). “Firms’ degree of born-globalness, international entrepreneurial orientation and export performance”, Journal of World Business, 42(3), p. 253-267.
• Leonidou, L. and Katsikeas, C. (1996). “The export development process: an integrative review of empirical models”, Journal of International Business Studies, 27 (3), p. 517-51.
• Liu, Y. (2017). “Born global firms’ growth and collaborative entry mode: The role of transnational entrepreneurs”, International Marketing Review, 34(1), p. 46-67.
• Lu, J. W. and Beamish, P. W. (2006). “Partnering strategies and performance of SMEs' international joint ventures”, Journal of Business Venturing, 21(4), p. 461-486.
• Luo, Y. and Wang, S. L. (2012). “Foreign direct investment strategies by developing country multinationals: A diagnostic model for home country effects”, Global Strategy Journal, 2(3), p. 244-261.
• Luostarinen, R. and Gabrielsson, M. (2006). “Globalization and marketing strategies of born globals in SMOPECs”, Thunderbird International Business Review, 48(6), p. 773-801.
• Madhok, A. (1998). ‘The nature of multinational firm boundaries: transaction cost, firm capabilities and foreign market entry mode’, International Business Review, 7, p. 259–290.
• Madsen, T. K. and Servais, P. (1997). “The internationalization of born globals: an evolutionary process?”, International Business Review, 6 (6), p. 551-81.
• Meckl, R., & Schramm, R. (2005). Empirical evidence for a theory of international new ventures. Univ., Wirtschaftswiss. Fak.
• OECD (2009). Top barriers and Drivers to SME Internationalization, Report by the OECD Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, OECD.
• Oviatt, B. M. and McDougall, P.P. (1994). “Toward a theory of international new ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, 25 (1), p. 45-64.
• Qian, G. (2002). “Multinationality, product diversification and profitability of emerging US small and medium sized enterprises”, Journal of Business Venturing, 17 (3), p. 611–633.
• Pangarkar, N. (2008). “Internationalization and performance of small-and medium-sized enterprises”, Journal of world business, 43(4), p. 475-485.
• Rialp-Criado, A., Galván-Sánchez, I. and Suárez-Ortega, S. M. (2010). “A configuration-holistic approach to born-global firms’ strategy formation process”, European Management Journal, 28(2), pp. 108-123.
• Ripollés, M. and Blesa, A. (2012). International new ventures as “small multinationals”: The importance of marketing capabilities. Journal of World Business, 47(2), p. 277-287.
• Rugman, A. M. and Verbeke, A. (2001). “Subsidiary‐specific advantages in multinational enterprises”i Strategic Management Journal, 22(3), p. 237-250.
• Ruzzier, M., Hisrich, R. D. and Antoncic, B. (2006). “SME internationalization research: past, present, and future”, Journal of small business and enterprise development, 13(4), p. 476-497.
• Sharma, D. D. and Blomstermo, A. (2003). “The internationalization process of Born Globals: A network view.” International Business Review, 12(6), p. 739- 753.
• Sheppard, M. and McNaughton, R. (2012). “Born global and born-again global firms: a comparison of internationalization patterns”, Handbook of research on born globals, p. 46-56.
• Schueffel, P., Baldegger, R. and Amann, W. (2014). “Behavioral patterns in born-again global firms: towards a conceptual framework of the internationalization activities of mature SMEs”, The Multinational Business Review, 22(4), p. 418-441.
• Singal, A. and Jain, A. K. (2012). “Outward FDI trends from India: emerging MNCs and strategic issues”, International Journal of Emerging Markets, 7(4), p. 443-456.
• Tamburini, G. (2016). The Evolution of Born Globals’ Internationalization Strategy; the case of Opera Software(Master's thesis, BI Norwegian Business School).
• Tayauova, G. (2013). “Uluslararası girişimciliğin gelişimine ilişkin yaklaşımların değerlendirilmesi”, Procedia V International Congress on Entrepreneurship.–Алматы, 2013.-324 б, s. 172.
• Vernon, R. (1966). “International investment and international trade in the product cycle”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, p. 190–207.
• Weerawardena, J., Mort, G. S., Liesch, P. W. and Knight, G. (2007). “Conceptualizing accelerated internationalization in the born global firm: A dynamic capabilities perspective”, Journal of world business, 42(3), 2p. 94-306.
• Williamson, O.E. (1975). Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications, The Free Press, New York.
• Wright, M., Westhead, P. and Ucbasaran, D. (2007). “Internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and international entrepreneurship: A critique and policy implications”, Regional Studies, 41(7), p. 1013-1030.