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KÜMELENMELER: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR GİRİŞİMCİLERİN SERPİLMELERİNE ELVERİŞLİ EKOSİSTEMLER MİDİR?

Year 2022, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 2022 Özel Sayı, 13 - 30, 01.05.2022

Nigar Çağla Mutlucan

https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.sp/13-30

Abstract

İklim değişikliği sorunlarının, derin sosyal eşitsizliklerin ve doğal kaynakların tükenmesinin damgasını vurduğu bir çağda yaşamaktayız. Geleneksel olarak girişimcilik kar odaklıdır, ancak çevre ve toplum aleyhine finansal kazanç elde etmek sürdürülebilir değildir. Gelecek nesiller de kendi ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmelidir. Bu nedenle sürdürülebilir girişimciler, çevresel ve sosyal değer yaratan, finansal açıdan sürdürülebilir ve yenilikçi iş modelleri oluşturarak sürdürülebilir kalkınma çabalarında önemli bir role sahiptir. Kümelenmeler, birden fazla aktör arasında sinerji yaratan dinamik yapıları ile bu sürece katkıda bulunabilirler. Literatür incelemesi, kümelenmelerin sürdürülebilir girişimcilik üzerindeki etkisinin yeterince araştırılmadığını ve bu alanda bir boşluk olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu makale, bu kavramlarla ilgili literatürü gözden geçirerek ve sürdürülebilir girişimciliği teşvik eden birkaç kümelenmeyi analiz ederek, sürdürülebilir girişimciliğin kümelenmelerde nasıl ortaya çıkabileceğini ve gelişebileceğini araştırmaktadır. Son olarak makale, Türkiye'deki iş ortamına yönelik önerilerle sona ermektedir.

Keywords

Kümelenme Ekosistem Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Sürdürülebilir Girişimcilik

References

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  • Ferreira, F.A. (2018). Mapping the field of arts-based management: Bibliographic coupling and co-citation analyses. Journal of Business Research, 85, 348–357.
  • Fonteyn, P., Lizin, S., Maes, W. (2020). The evolution of the most important research topics in organic and perovskite solar cell research from 2008 to 2017: A bibliometric literature review using bibliographic coupling analysis. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 207, 110325.
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  • Gregori, P., & Holzmann, P. (2020). Digital sustainable entrepreneurship: A business model perspective on embedding digital technologies for social and environmental value creation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122817.
  • Grenoble Inp-Uga. (2008). TENERRDIS industrial cluster. Retrieved from https://www.grenoble-inp.fr/en/grenoble-inp/tenerrdis-industrial-cluster on 14.07.2021.
  • Hakyemez, C., TSKB monthly energy bulletin. Retrieved from https://www.tskb.com.tr/i/assets/document/pdf/enerji-bulteni-ocak-2021.pdf on 10.02.2021.
  • Hall, J.K., Daneke, G. A., & Lenox, M.J. (2010). Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions. Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 5, 439-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.01.002.
  • Hanohov, R., & Baldacchino, L. (2017). Opportunity recognition in SE: An exploratory study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial. Behavior & Research, 24 (2), 333–358.
  • Hart, S.L., & Milstein, M.B. (1999). Global sustainability and the creative destruction of industries. MIT Sloan Management Review, 14(1), 23.
  • Hockerts, K., & Wüstenhagen, R. (2010). Greening Goliaths versus emerging Davids—Theorizing about the role of incumbents and new entrants in sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 481-492.
  • Hoogendoorn, B., Van Der Zwan, P., & Thurik, R. (2019). Sustainable entrepreneurship: The role of perceived barriers and risk. Journal of Business Ethics, 157, 1133-1154.
  • International Cleantech Network (ICN). (2021). Retrieved from https://www.internationalcleantechnetwork.com/about on 14.07.2021.
  • İyigün, N.Ö. (2015). What could entrepreneurship do for sustainable development? a corporate social responsibility-based approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1226-1231.
  • Kozakowski, M. Victoria ranks high among Canada's leading tech towns: Industry report. Retrieved from https://victoria.citified.ca/news/victoria-ranks-high-among-canadas-leading-tech-towns-industry-report/ on 28.11.2018.
  • Kraaijenbrink, J. What the three Ps of the triple bottom line really mean? Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeroenkraaijenbrink/2019/12/10/what-the-3ps-of-the-triple-bottom-line-really-mean/?sh=4bd700e55143 on 10.12.2019.
  • Marshall, A. (1927). Industry and trade: A study of industrial technique and business organization; and of their influences on the conditions of various classes and nations. London: Macmillan.
  • Munroe, T. (2017). Is Silicon Valley sustainable? Retrieved from https://www.triplehelixassociation.org/helice/volume-1-2012/helice-issue-1/silicon-valley-sustainable on 14.07.2021.
  • Mutlucan, N. Ç. (2019). Clusters: Are they the panacea of our times? Ankara, Turkey: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.
  • Porter, M. E. (1998) On competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School.
  • Porter, M. E. (2008). On competition, Updated and Expanded Edition. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Presidency of Strategy and Budget. (2019). (11th Development Plan 2019-2023). Retrieved from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/on_birinciplan_ingilizce_sonbaski.pdf on 25.07.2021.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Paris Agreement. Retrieved from https://iklim.csb.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi-i-98587 on 23.07.2021.
  • Sarango-Lalangui, P., Santos, J. L. S., & Hormiga, E. (2018). the development of sustainable entrepreneurship research field. Sustainability, 10(6), 2005.
  • Schaltegger, S., & Wagner, M. (2011). Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: Categories and interaction. Business Strategy and The Environment, 20(4), 222–237.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1934). Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • SRI International. Retrieved from https://www.sri.com/press-release/baker-hughes-acquires-exclusive-license-from-sri-international-for-mixed-salt-process-technology-for-carbon-capture/ on 29.03.2021.
  • Richmond, J. Making Silicon Valley sustainable. Retrieved from https://www.bard.edu/cep/blog/?p=10959 on 16.01.2019.
  • S&P Global What is energy transition? Retrieved from https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/articles/what-is-energy-transition on 24.02.2020.
  • Subeh, N. (2018). British Columbia tech sector a leader in Canada. Retrieved from https://www.britishcolumbia.ca/global/trade-and-investment-british-columbia-blog/december-2018/british-columbia-tech-sector-a-leader-in-canada/ on 26.06.2021.
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  • Sustainable Silicon Valley (SSV). Retrieved from https://www.sustainablesv.org/ on 13.07.2021.
  • Tenerrdis Energy Cluster (2021). The Tenerrdis energy cluster. Retrieved from https://www.tenerrdis.fr/en/about-us/presentation/ on 14.07.2021.
  • Thompson, N., Kiefer, K., & York, J. G. (2011). Distinctions not dichotomies: Exploring social, sustainable, and environmental entrepreneurship. In G. T. Lumpkin & J. A. Katz (Eds.), Social and sustainable entrepreneurship. Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth 13, (201–229). Bingley: Emerald.
  • Van Lierop, W. Silicon Valley is back in cleantech. Will this time be different? Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/walvanlierop/2021/07/05/silicon-valley-is-back-in-cleantech-will-this-time-be-different/?sh=1552d2be2783 on 13.07.2021.
  • York, J. G., O’neil, I., & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2016). Exploring environmental entrepreneurship: Identity coupling, venture goals, and stakeholder incentives. Journal of Management Studies, 53(5), 695–737.

CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?

Year 2022, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 2022 Özel Sayı, 13 - 30, 01.05.2022

Nigar Çağla Mutlucan

https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.sp/13-30

Abstract

We live in an era marked by climate change issues, gaping social inequalities, and natural resource depletion. Traditionally, entrepreneurship is focused on profits but obtaining financial gain to the detriment of the environment and society is not sustainable. Future generations should also be able to meet their own needs. Therefore, sustainable entrepreneurs have an essential role in sustainable development efforts by creating financially viable and innovative business models that create environmental and social value. Clusters might contribute to this process by their dynamic structure that creates synergy among multiple actors. The literature review revealed that the impact of clusters on sustainable entrepreneurship is under-researched and that there is a gap. This article explores how sustainable entrepreneurship can emerge and thrive in clusters by reviewing the relevant literature on these concepts and analyzing several clusters fostering sustainable entrepreneurship. Finally, the article concludes with suggestions for the Turkish business context.

Keywords

Cluster Ecosystem Sustainable Development Sustainable Entrepreneurship

References

  • Anand, A., Argade, P., Barkemeyer, R., & Salignac, F. (2021). Trends and patterns in sustainable entrepreneurship research: A bibliometric review and research agenda. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(3), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2021.106092.
  • Asheim, B., Cooke, P., & Martin, R. (2006). Clusters and regional development: Critical reflections and explorations. London: Routledge.
  • BIST, Sustainability index. Retrieved from https://www.borsaistanbul.com/en/sayfa/2227/sustainability-index on 23.07.2021.
  • Brundtland, G. (1987). UN Brundtland Commission Report. Our common future.
  • City of Victoria. (2019). Victoria 3.0 Pivoting to a higher value economy. Retrieved from https://www.victoria.ca/assets/City~Hall/Mayor~Council/Documents/DRAFT%20Victoria%203.0%20Economic%20Action%20Plan%20for%20Feedback.pdf on 27.06.2021.
  • Cohen, B. (2006). Sustainable Valley entrepreneurial ecosystems. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15, 1-14.
  • De Oliveira, O.J., Da Silva, F.F., Juliani, F., Barbosa, L.C.F.M., & Nunhes, T.V. (2019). Bibliometric method for mapping the state-of-the-art and identifying research gaps and trends in literature: An essential instrument to support the development of scientific projects. In: Scientometrics Recent Advances. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85856.
  • Dean, T.J., Mcmullen, J.S. (2007). Toward a theory of SE: Reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action. Journal of Business Venturing, 22 (1), 50–76.
  • Derlukiewicz, N., Mempel-Snie˙zyk, A., Mankowska, D., Dyjakon, A., Minta, S., & Pilawka, T. (2020). How do clusters foster sustainable development? An analysis of EU policies. Sustainability, 12(4), 1297. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041297.
  • Doherty, B., Haugh, H., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(4), 417–436.
  • Elkington, J. (1994). Towards the sustainable corporation: Win–win–win business strategies for sustainable development, California Management Review, 36(2),90–100.
  • Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of twenty-first-century business. Capstone, Oxford.
  • Elkington, J. (2018). 25 Years ago I coined the phrase “Triple Bottom Line.” Here’s why it’s time to rethink it. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/06/25-years-ago-i-coined-the-phrase-triple-bottom-line-heres-why-im-giving-up-on-it on 26.06.2021.
  • Engel, J.S. (2015). Global clusters of innovation: Lessons from Silicon Valley. California Management Review, 57(2), 36-65.
  • Erdman, J. (2018, January 30). How to create a cleantech “Silicon Valley”, Retrieved from https://medium.com/@jeremyerdman/how-to-create-a-cleantech-silicon-valley-d2ea875441d4 on 12.07.2021.
  • EU Gateway Business Avenue. Retrieved from https://eu-gateway.eu/about/partners/european-cluster-collaboration-platform-eccp on 22.07.2022.
  • European Cluster Alliance. Retrieved From https://clustersalliance.eu/about/ on 22.07.2021.
  • European Cluster Collaboration Platform (ECCP). Retrieved from https://clustercollaboration.eu/ on 22.07.2021.
  • European Commission, Paris Agreement. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations/paris_en on 23.07.2021.
  • Ferrary, M. (2017). Silicon Valley: A cluster of venture capitalists? Retrieved from http://parisinnovationreview.com/articles-en/silicon-valley-a-cluster-of-venture-capitalists on 12.07.2021.
  • Ferreira, F.A. (2018). Mapping the field of arts-based management: Bibliographic coupling and co-citation analyses. Journal of Business Research, 85, 348–357.
  • Fonteyn, P., Lizin, S., Maes, W. (2020). The evolution of the most important research topics in organic and perovskite solar cell research from 2008 to 2017: A bibliometric literature review using bibliographic coupling analysis. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 207, 110325.
  • GIIN (Global Impact Investing Network). Retrieved from https://Thegiin.Org/Impact-Investing/Need-To-Know/#What-Is-Impact-Investing on 13.07.2021.
  • Greco, A. & Jong, G. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship: Definitions, themes and research gaps. 10.13140/RG.2.2.16751.12968.
  • Gregori, P., & Holzmann, P. (2020). Digital sustainable entrepreneurship: A business model perspective on embedding digital technologies for social and environmental value creation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122817.
  • Grenoble Inp-Uga. (2008). TENERRDIS industrial cluster. Retrieved from https://www.grenoble-inp.fr/en/grenoble-inp/tenerrdis-industrial-cluster on 14.07.2021.
  • Hakyemez, C., TSKB monthly energy bulletin. Retrieved from https://www.tskb.com.tr/i/assets/document/pdf/enerji-bulteni-ocak-2021.pdf on 10.02.2021.
  • Hall, J.K., Daneke, G. A., & Lenox, M.J. (2010). Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions. Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 5, 439-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.01.002.
  • Hanohov, R., & Baldacchino, L. (2017). Opportunity recognition in SE: An exploratory study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial. Behavior & Research, 24 (2), 333–358.
  • Hart, S.L., & Milstein, M.B. (1999). Global sustainability and the creative destruction of industries. MIT Sloan Management Review, 14(1), 23.
  • Hockerts, K., & Wüstenhagen, R. (2010). Greening Goliaths versus emerging Davids—Theorizing about the role of incumbents and new entrants in sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 481-492.
  • Hoogendoorn, B., Van Der Zwan, P., & Thurik, R. (2019). Sustainable entrepreneurship: The role of perceived barriers and risk. Journal of Business Ethics, 157, 1133-1154.
  • International Cleantech Network (ICN). (2021). Retrieved from https://www.internationalcleantechnetwork.com/about on 14.07.2021.
  • İyigün, N.Ö. (2015). What could entrepreneurship do for sustainable development? a corporate social responsibility-based approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1226-1231.
  • Kozakowski, M. Victoria ranks high among Canada's leading tech towns: Industry report. Retrieved from https://victoria.citified.ca/news/victoria-ranks-high-among-canadas-leading-tech-towns-industry-report/ on 28.11.2018.
  • Kraaijenbrink, J. What the three Ps of the triple bottom line really mean? Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeroenkraaijenbrink/2019/12/10/what-the-3ps-of-the-triple-bottom-line-really-mean/?sh=4bd700e55143 on 10.12.2019.
  • Marshall, A. (1927). Industry and trade: A study of industrial technique and business organization; and of their influences on the conditions of various classes and nations. London: Macmillan.
  • Munroe, T. (2017). Is Silicon Valley sustainable? Retrieved from https://www.triplehelixassociation.org/helice/volume-1-2012/helice-issue-1/silicon-valley-sustainable on 14.07.2021.
  • Mutlucan, N. Ç. (2019). Clusters: Are they the panacea of our times? Ankara, Turkey: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.
  • Porter, M. E. (1998) On competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School.
  • Porter, M. E. (2008). On competition, Updated and Expanded Edition. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Presidency of Strategy and Budget. (2019). (11th Development Plan 2019-2023). Retrieved from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/on_birinciplan_ingilizce_sonbaski.pdf on 25.07.2021.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Paris Agreement. Retrieved from https://iklim.csb.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi-i-98587 on 23.07.2021.
  • Sarango-Lalangui, P., Santos, J. L. S., & Hormiga, E. (2018). the development of sustainable entrepreneurship research field. Sustainability, 10(6), 2005.
  • Schaltegger, S., & Wagner, M. (2011). Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: Categories and interaction. Business Strategy and The Environment, 20(4), 222–237.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1934). Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • SRI International. Retrieved from https://www.sri.com/press-release/baker-hughes-acquires-exclusive-license-from-sri-international-for-mixed-salt-process-technology-for-carbon-capture/ on 29.03.2021.
  • Richmond, J. Making Silicon Valley sustainable. Retrieved from https://www.bard.edu/cep/blog/?p=10959 on 16.01.2019.
  • S&P Global What is energy transition? Retrieved from https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/articles/what-is-energy-transition on 24.02.2020.
  • Subeh, N. (2018). British Columbia tech sector a leader in Canada. Retrieved from https://www.britishcolumbia.ca/global/trade-and-investment-british-columbia-blog/december-2018/british-columbia-tech-sector-a-leader-in-canada/ on 26.06.2021.
  • Sustainable Development Association. Study fields. Retrieved from http://www.surdurulebilir.org/engservice.html on 23.07.2021.
  • Sustainable Silicon Valley (SSV). Retrieved from https://www.sustainablesv.org/ on 13.07.2021.
  • Tenerrdis Energy Cluster (2021). The Tenerrdis energy cluster. Retrieved from https://www.tenerrdis.fr/en/about-us/presentation/ on 14.07.2021.
  • Thompson, N., Kiefer, K., & York, J. G. (2011). Distinctions not dichotomies: Exploring social, sustainable, and environmental entrepreneurship. In G. T. Lumpkin & J. A. Katz (Eds.), Social and sustainable entrepreneurship. Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth 13, (201–229). Bingley: Emerald.
  • Van Lierop, W. Silicon Valley is back in cleantech. Will this time be different? Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/walvanlierop/2021/07/05/silicon-valley-is-back-in-cleantech-will-this-time-be-different/?sh=1552d2be2783 on 13.07.2021.
  • York, J. G., O’neil, I., & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2016). Exploring environmental entrepreneurship: Identity coupling, venture goals, and stakeholder incentives. Journal of Management Studies, 53(5), 695–737.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nigar Çağla Mutlucan This is me 0000-0002-4596-5960

Publication Date May 1, 2022
Submission Date October 17, 2021
Acceptance Date March 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 2022 Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Mutlucan, N. Ç. (2022). CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 2(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.sp/13-30
AMA Mutlucan NÇ. CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. May 2022;2(1):13-30. doi:10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.sp/13-30
Chicago Mutlucan, Nigar Çağla. “CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 2, no. 1 (May 2022): 13-30. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.sp/13-30.
EndNote Mutlucan NÇ (May 1, 2022) CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 2 1 13–30.
IEEE N. Ç. Mutlucan, “CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?”, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 13–30, 2022, doi: 10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.sp/13-30.
ISNAD Mutlucan, Nigar Çağla. “CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 2/1 (May 2022), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.sp/13-30.
JAMA Mutlucan NÇ. CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2022;2:13–30.
MLA Mutlucan, Nigar Çağla. “CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 1, 2022, pp. 13-30, doi:10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.sp/13-30.
Vancouver Mutlucan NÇ. CLUSTERS: ARE THEY PROPITIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WHEREIN SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURS CAN THRIVE?. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2022;2(1):13-30.