Beytülmakdiste Vakıf Sisteminin Oluşumunda Memeluklerin Çabaları

Year 2019, , 81 - 98, 15.06.2019

Fayez Al-zamili

https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.481647

Abstract

The efforts of the Mamluks in the Waqf Establishment in Bayt al-Maqdis

Abstract

Palestine is considered as an outstanding
Islamic model for its Awqaf amongst Muslim and Arabic countries in general,
whereas the city of Bayt al-Maqdis may be considered the archetype for
Palestinian cities. Muslims have paid much attention to the Awqaf in Bayt
Al-Maqdis throughout the centuries, which had evolved during the Mamluk period,
with its Sultans and Emirs appointing supervisors and custodians to protect and
restore them.  This is besides keeping
records of the expenditures, income and produce.  Many of the Mamluk Sultans had frequently
visited the holy city, and were so generous in giving its people gifts and
donations as well as establishing new Waqf institutions and restoring
ones.  In addition to appointing
supervisors to check-up the affairs of these Awqaf.  The Awqaf have indeed played an important
role in every aspect of life in the city; social, health, scholarly, etc.  On the scholarly front, schools, libraries,
soup kitchens, Zawiyah, Khanqah, and Ribat were established; turning Bayt
al-Maqdis into an important scholarly centre during the Mamluk era.  With these institutions and the interest of
the Sultans and Emirs it and the support of merchants amongst others who were
generous with their wealth and properties dedicating them to these Awqaf, thus
creating a steady income for the students and the poor benefiting from these
institutions.

Keywords

Madrasah, Zawiyah, Tekyeh, Ribat, Sabil, Mamluk Sultans, Waqf

جهود المماليك في العمل الوقفي بمدينة بيت المقدس

Abstract

تعد
فلسطين أنموذجاً إسلامياً عريقاً في أوقافها من بين الدول العربية والإسلامية،
ومدينة بيت المقدس تعد لؤلؤة وقفية من بين المدن الفلسطينية. وحظيت الأوقاف في بيت
المقدس باهتمام المسلمين على مدار العصور الإسلامية، ولكن تميز الاهتمام بها في
عهد المماليك ومن سلاطينهم وأمرائهم، فقاموا بتعيين من يشرف عليها ويعمرها ويحميها،
ويقوم بضبط مصروفاتها ووارداتها وإنتاجها، كما دأب الكثير من السلاطين على زيارة
المدينة المقدسة وتفقد أحوالها والتبرع لأهلها وإقامة المنشآت وتعميرها، وجرت
العادة في هذا العهد أن يرسل السلطان كاشفاً لينظر في أحوال أوقافها. وقد لعبت هذه
الأوقاف أدواراً مهمة ومتميزة في كل مناحي الحياة، سواء العلمية والاجتماعية
والصحية وغيرها؛ فعلى مستوى الحياة العلمية برز دور المدارس والمكتبات والكتابيب
والخوانق والزوايا والربط، فأصبحت المدينة في
ذلك العصر مركزاً علمياً ومنارة مهمة، نتيجة لانتشار المؤسسات العلمية والخيرية
بما فيها المدارس التي حظيت باهتمام الحكام والسلاطين والأمراء، وحظيت بدعم كبير
من أهل البر والتجار الذين جادوا بأموالهم ووقفوا عقاراتهم التي خصصت لأعمال الخير
والإنفاق على طلبة العلم وعلى الفقراء والتكايا.

Keywords

المدارس, الزوايا, التكايا, الربط, الأسبلة, سلاطين المماليك, المسجد الأقصى, الوقف

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