Sivil-Asker İlişkilerinde Dış Nüfuz Bağlamında Liberya 1980 Askeri Darbesi

Year 2020, , 55 - 78, 31.08.2020

Murat Yiğit

https://doi.org/10.33399/biibfad.641736

Abstract

Askeri darbelerin sık rastlandığı Batı Afrika alt bölgesinde, bu darbelerin açıklanmasına dair pek çok iç siyasal faktör öne çıkarılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, eski sömürge ülkelerin siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik olarak dışa bağımlılıkları bu ülkeleri dış nüfuza da açık hale getirmektedir. Nitekim eski sömürgeci güçler veya güçlü devletlerin, gelişmekte olan ülkelerle kurdukları eşitsiz ilişki bilerek veya bilmeyerek istikrarsızlığa neden olabilmektedir. Rejimin durumu, etnik mücadele, pretoryanizm, ordunun iç güvenlik konularında görevlendirilmesi ve kaynakların dengesiz dağılımı gibi sivil-asker ilişkilerini etkileyen faktörlere dış etkenlerin de dahil edilmesi söz konusu ilişki dikkate alındığında elzem görünmektedir. İç dinamiklerin dış etkilere karşı savunmasız hale getirdiği bir ülkede dış aktörler siyasal krizlerde etkili şekilde rol alabilmektedirler. Ordunun eğitimi, yabancı askeri danışmanlar, dış yardımlar, yabancı askeri üs ve yatırım gibi araçlar, ordunun siyasete yönelik müdahalesine destek veya engel teşkil edebilecek bir dış nüfuzu üretmektedir. Dolayısıyla ordu mensuplarının dış sosyalizasyonu, sivil-asker ilişkileri analizlerinde dikkate alınması gereken bir unsur olarak belirmektedir. Bu çalışmada Liberya’da 1980 yılında gerçekleşen askeri darbe örneği üzerinden dış aktör olarak ABD’nin rolü ve etkisi sorgulanacaktır.

Keywords

Pretoryanizm, dış nüfuz, sivil-asker ilişkileri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Liberya

Military Coup of 1980 in Liberia in the context of Foreign Influence on Civil-Military Relations

Abstract

In the sub-region of West Africa, where military coups are common, many domestic political factors have been brought forward to explain these coups. However, the political, military and economic dependence of the former colonial countries on the outside makes them vulnerable to external influence. As a matter of fact, the unequal relationship established by the former colonial powers or powerful states with the developing countries can cause instability deliberately or unknowingly. The inclusion of external factors in the factors affecting civil-military relations, such as the state of the regime, ethnic struggle, preterianism, the deployment of the army on internal security issues and the unbalanced distribution of resources, is essential when considering this relationship. In a country where internal dynamics make it vulnerable to external influences, external actors can play an active role in political crises. The training of the military, foreign military advisers, foreign aid, foreign military base and investment instruments produce an external influence that may constitute support or obstacle to the military's intervention in politics. Therefore, the external socialization of the members of the army appears to be a factor to be considered in the analysis of civil-military relations. In this study, the role and impact of the US as an external actor will be questioned through the example of military coup in 1980 in Liberia. 

Keywords

Praetorianism, external influence, civil-military relations, United States

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