Beyşehir Gölü Çevresindeki Sazlık Alanların Yaban Hayatı Çeşitliliği

Abstract

Bu çalışma Beyşehir Gölü’nün kuzeybatısında bulunan sazlık alanlar ile bazı memeli yaban hayvanlarının birey sayıları ile hesaplanan tür çeşitliliği arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yaklaşık 1875 ha olan çalışma alanı 500 x 500 m büyüklüğünde toplam 75 hücreye ayrılmıştır. 2016 yılının ilkbahar ve sonbahar aylarında, çalışma alanı için oluşturulan her bir hücreye gidilerek yaban hayvanlarına ait iz, dışkı ve belirti taraması yapılmıştır. Envanter sonuçlarına göre ilkbahar döneminde 172 noktada, sonbahar döneminde ise 290 noktada 9 farklı (Saz kedisi, Vaşak, Kurt, Tilki, Çakal, Yaban domuzu, Yaban tavşanı, Kaya sansarı ve Porsuk) memeli yaban hayvanına ait belirti tespit edilmiştir. İlkbahar ve sonbahar dönemleri için elde edilen birey sayıları kullanılarak her bir hücre için Shannon-Wiener çeşitlilik indeksi hesaplanmış ve ait olduğu hücreye hesaplanan değer girilerek haritalama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm alana ait çeşitlilik haritası içinde iki döneme ait verilerin toplamı kullanılmıştır. Toplam memeli yaban hayvanı tür çeşitliliği HT:1,581 olarak elde edilirken mevsimlere göre kıyaslandığında ilkbahar döneminde bu değer Hİ=1,418 olarak, sonbahar döneminde ise HS=1,56 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Keywords

• Biyoçeşitlilik,Sazlık alanlar,Shannon-Wiener çeşitlilik indeksi,Yaban hayatı

Wildlife Diversity in Reed beds Around Beyşehir Lake

Abstract

This study was carried out to reveal the relation between species diversity calculated by species number data of some mammals and reed beds in northwest of Beyşehir Lake. The study area, which is approximately 1875 ha, is divided into a total of 75 grids measuring 500 x 500 m size. Sign, faeces and tracks of wild mammals were recorded for each grid in the spring and autumn of 2016. Indications of nine wild mammal were detected in 172 points in spring and 290 points in autumn (Jungle cat, Lynx, Wolf, Fox, Coyote, Wild boar, Wild hare, Badger and Beech marten).The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was calculated for each grid using the species number data obtained for spring and autumn. According to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index calculation results, the mapping process was performed by inputting the calculated value of the grid. The total of the data from two period is used in the Shannon-Wiener diversity map of the all area. Shannon-Wiener diversity of all mammals was obtained as HT:1,581. When compared to the seasons, this value was calculated as Hİ=1,418 in spring and HS=1,56 in autumn

Keywords

• Biodiversity,Reed beds,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Wildlife

References

1. Aksan, Ş., Mert, A., (2016). Bird species in Isparta-Atabey Plain. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 17(2), 153-157.
2. Aslan, B., (2008). Comparatıve Bıodıversıty Of Carabıdae And Tenebrıonıdae(Coleoptera) Specıes In Varıous Habıtats Of Kasnak Meşesı Nature Reserve (Isparta) Collected By Pıtfall Traps. SDU Faculty of ARTS and sciences, Sciences journal, 3(2). ISO 690.
3. August, P. V., (1983). The role of habitat complexity and heterogeneity in structuring tropical mammal communities. Ecology, 64(6), 1495-1507.
4. Balabanlı, C., Albayrak, S., Türk, M., Yüksel, O., (2006). Some Toxıc Plants Growıng In Rangelands Of Turkey and Theır Effects On Anımals. SDU Faculty of Forestry JournalSeri: A, (2), 89-96.
5. Batzer, D. P., Wissinger, S. A., (1996). Ecology of insect communities in nontidal wetlands. Annual review of entomology, 41(1), 75-100.
6. Bibby, C.J. Lunn, J., (1982) Conservation of reedbeds and the iravi fauna in England and Wales. Biological Conservation, 23, 167-186.
7. Bibi, F., Ali, Z., (2013). Measurement of diversity indices of avian communities at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal, Plant Sciences, 23(2), 469-474.
8. Brooks, R. T., (2001). Effects of the removal of overstory hemlock from hemlock-dominated forests on eastern redback salamanders. Forest Ecology and Management, 149(1-3), 197-204.

9. Cavallini, P., Lovari, S., (1994). Home range, habitat selection and activity of the red fox in a Mediterranean coastal ecotone. Acta Theriologica, 39(3), 279-287.
10. Cengiz, G., Ünal, Y., Oğurlu, İ., (2016). Ecological observation on Wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) and determination of species habitat relationships: Isparta-Gölcük Natural Park sampleTurkish Journal of Forestry, 17(2), 158-165.
11. Cowardin, L., M., Carter, V., Golet, F., C., Laroe, E., T., (1979). Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, U.S.A. 45p.
12. Çolak, E., Yiğit, N., Kıvanç, E., (1997). Diagnostic Characters and Distribution Of Meriones Illiger, 1811 Species (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey. Turkish Journal Of Zoology, 21(4), 361-374.
13. Dardaillon, M., (1986). Seasonal variations in habitat selection and spatial distribution of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Camargue, Southern France. Behavioural Processes, 13(3), 251-268.
14. Desrochers, R., Anand, M., (2004). From Traditional Diversity Indices to Taxonomic Diversity Indices, International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science 30: 85-92.
15. Dudley, N., Baldock, D., Nasi, R., Stolton, S., (2005). Measuring biodiversity and sustainable management in forests and agricultural landscapes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360(1454), 457-470.
16. Elbroch, M., (2003). Mammal Tracks., Sign: A Guide To North American Species. Stackpole Books. 792p. Mechanisburg.
17. Emerton, L., Bishop, J., & Thomas, L. (2006). Sustainable Financing of Protected Areas: A global review of challenges and options (No. 13). IUCN.
18. ERTEN, S., (2004). Bıologıcal Dıversıty As Internatıonal Rısıng Value. Hacettepe University Education Faculty Journal, 27(27).
19. Giannatos, G., Marinos, Y., Maragou, P., & Catsadorakis, G., (2005). The status of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Greece. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135(2), 145.
20. Goszczyński, J., Jedrzejewska, B., Jedrzejewski, W., (2000). Diet composition of badgers (Meles meles) in a pristine forest and rural habitats of Poland compared to other European populations. Journal of Zoology, 250(4), 495-505.
21. Görmez, K., (1997). Environmental problems and Turkey. Gazi Bookstore Press, 2nd Edition, Ankara, 17, 53-56.
22. Gülsoy, S., Özkan, K., (2008). Importance Of Bıodıversıty From The Ecologıcal Stand Poınt And Some Dıversıty Indexes. SDU Faculty of Foresty Journal, 1, 168-178.
23. Güneş, G., (2011). The New Approach on Protected area management:Partıcıpatory Management Plans. Economis of Journal, 3(1).
24. Güzelmansur, A., (2000). Erzin İlçesi Sarımazı-Burnaz Halk Plajları ve Gaziantep Tatil Siteleri Arasındaki Kıyı Şeridinde Kıyı Alan Kullanım Planlaması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, Adana.
25. Heikkinen, R. K., Luoto, M., Virkkala, R., Rainio, K., (2004). Effects of habitat cover, landscape structure and spatial variables on the abundance of birds in an agricultural–forest mosaic. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41(5), 824-835.
26. Heywood, V.H., (1995). Global Biodiversity Assesment. Published for the united nations Environment Programme. University Pres, 457-542. CAMBRİDGE.
27. Jędrzejewski, W., Schmidt, K., Okarma, H., Kowalczyk, R., (2002). Movement Pattern and Home Range Use by The Eurasian Lynx in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland). In Annales Zoologici Fennici (Pp. 29-41). Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board.
28. Karagöz, A., (1998). Convention On Bıologıcal Diversity. Field Crops Central Research Institute Journal 7(1).
29. Katip, A., Karaer, F., (2011). Assessment of Water Quality of Uluabat Lake in Accordance with Turkish Legislation and International Criteria. Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 16(2), s: 25-34, 2011.
30. Kiziroğlu, İ., (1987). Kuş Koruması ve Baştankaraların (Parus spp.) Biyolojik Savaşta Orman Zararlılarına Etkileri. Doğa Zooloji Dergisi, 11, 104-109.
31. Korschgen, L. J. (1957). Food habits of the coyote in Missouri. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 21(4), 424-435.
32. Küçük, F., İkiz, R., (2004). Fish fauna of streams discharging to Antalya Bay. Ege University, Water Products Journal, 21(3-4), 287-294.
33. Lai, X.J., Huang, Q., ve Jiang, J.H., (2012). Wetland inundation modeling of Dongting Lake using two dimensional hydrodynamic model on unstructured grids. Procedia Environmental Sciences 13, 1091 – 1098.
34. Major, J. T., Sherburne, J. A., (1987). Interspecific relationships of coyotes, bobcats, and red foxes in western Maine. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 606-616.
35. Majumder, A., Sankar, K., Qureshi, Q., Asu, S., (2011). Food habits and temporal activity patterns of the Golden Jackal Canis aureus and the Jungle Cat Felis chaos in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3(11), 2221-2225.
36. Mayer, J., (1995). Nachhaltige Entwicklung – ein Leitbild zur Neuorientierung der Umwelterziehung DGU-Nachrichten 12, 43-56.
37. Mert, A., Yalçınkaya, B., (2016). The relation of edge effect on some wild mammals in Burdur-Ağlasun (Turkey) district. Biological Diversity and Conservation, ISSN, 1308-8084.
38. Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G., (2000). The value of wetlands: importance of scale and landscape setting. Ecological economics, 35(1), 25-33.
39. Murie, O.J., Elbroch, M., (2005). The Peterson Field Guide to Animal Tracks. 3rd Eddition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston New York, 391p. Printed in Singapore.
40. Nishujima, H., Nakata, M., (2004). Relationships between plant cover type and soil properties on Syunkunitai coastal sand dune in Eastern Hokkoido. Ecological Research, 19, 581-591.
41. Oğurlu, İ., (2001). Yaban Hayatı Ekolojisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi.
42. Oruç, M.S., Mert, A., Özdemir, İ., (2017). Modelling Habitat Suitability For Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) Using Environmental Variables In Çatacık Region. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 1 (2): 135- 142.
43. Özkan, K., (2016). Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Bileşenleri (α, β ve γ) Nasıl Ölçülür. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayın, (98).
44. Primack, R. B., (1995). Naturschutz biologie. Spektrum Akad Verl.,Heidelberg.
45. Saatçioğlu, F., (1979). Silvikültür Tekniği, İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, İ.Ü. Yayın no:2490, O.F. Yayın no: 268, İstanbul, 556.
46. Semere, T., Slater, F. M., (2007). Ground flora, small mammal and bird species diversity in miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) and reed canary-grass (Phalaris arundinacea) fields. Biomass and Bioenergy, 31(1), 20-29.
47. Shannon, C. E., W. Weaver., (1949). The mathematical theory of communication.Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana.
48. Sullivan, T. P., Wagner, R. G., Pitt, D. G., Lautenschlager, R. A., Chen, D. G., (1998). Changes in diversity of plant and small mammal communities after herbicide application in sub-boreal spruce forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 28(2), 168-177.
49. Süel, H., (2014). Isparta-Sütçüler Yöresinde Av Türlerinin Habitat Uygunluk Modellemesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı. Doktora Tezi, 151s., ISPARTA.
50. Thurfjell, H., Ball, J. P., Åhlén, P. A., Kornacher, P., Dettki, H., Sjöberg, K., (2009). Habitat use and spatial patterns of wild boar Sus scrofa (L.): agricultural fields and edges. European journal of wildlife research, 55(5), 517-523.
51. Turan, N., (1990). Türkiye'nin av ve yaban hayvanları (Vol. 2).
52. Van Horne, B., (1983). Density as A Misleading Indicator of Habitat Quality. J. Wildlife Management, 47: 893-901.
53. Vos, De P., (2000). Technology of Mammalian Cell Encapsulation. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 42(1), 29-64.
54. Warwick, R.M., Clarke, K.R., (1995). New biodiversity measures reveal a decrease in taxonomic distinctness with increasing stress. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 129, 301– 305.
55. Williams, L., H., (1990). Potential Benefits of Diffusible Preservatives for Wood Protection, an Analysis with Emphasis on Building Protection with Diffusible Preservatives, Forest Product Research Society, 29-35.