AB Danışma Misyonu Ukrayna (EUAM Ukrayna) Örneğinde AB’nin Küresel Güvenlik Aktörlüğü

Year 2022, , 223 - 267, 31.05.2022

Senem Narin

https://doi.org/10.54838/bilgisosyal.1094563

Abstract

Son yıllarda AB, özellikle ortak güvenlik ve savunma konusunda NATO’ya olan bağımlılığı ve bu alanda yeterince bütünleşme çabası göstermediği için, Atlantikçi cephenin yoğun eleştirilerine maruz kalmıştır. Birlik, günümüzde bu eleştirilere cevap vermek ve küresel sistemdeki yapısal dönüşümlere uyum sağlayabilmek için savunma alanında pek çok girişimde bulunmaya ve en azından uluslararası çevreye savunma alanında bütünleşme gayretinde olduğunu göstermeye çalışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda AB, Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikasında, uluslararası güvenlik sorunlarının ve çatışmaların çözümünde kendine özgü çözümler getirebilmek için bir çok araç geliştirmiştir. Askeri operasyonlar ile sivil misyonlar da bu araçların somut birer göstergesi olmuşlardır.
Sivil misyonlar, AB’nin küresel güvenlik aktörlüğünün öncelikli bir ölçütü olmasa da askeri unsurları normatif ve sivil unsurlarla entegre edip destekleyen ve böylece AB’nin kendine özgü küresel güvenlik aktörlüğünü kolaylaştıran veya zorlaştıran önemli araçlar şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Bu makalenin amacı, günümüzde AB’nin stratejik özerkliği hakkında yaşanan yoğun tartışmalar ve Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı bağlamında AB’nin NATO ile de ilişkileri çerçevesinde, küresel güvenlik aktörlüğünün etkinliğinin, EUAM-Ukrayna sivil misyonu özelinde değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada özellikle, AB’nin 2014 yılından itibaren Ukrayna ile geliştirdiği özel ilişkilerde ne ölçüde bütünleşik ve özerk olduğu ve yine bu bağlamda uluslararası güvenlik sorunlarının çözümünde küresel aktör olma iddiasını ne ölçüde ortaya koyabildiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Böylece özellikle Rusya’nın Kırım’ı ilhakı ile başlayan güvenlik sorunlarına, AB’nin güncel dış politika araçları ile müdahalesine eleştirel bir bakış ortaya koymaya çalışılacaktır.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikası, EUAM-Ukrayna, AB’nin Dış Eylemi, uluslararası güvenlik

EU's Global Security Actory in The Case Of EU Advisory Mission Ukraine

Abstract

In recent years, the EU has been subjected to intense criticism from the Atlanticist front, especially for its dependence on NATO in terms of common security and defense and for not showing enough integration efforts in this area. Today, the Union strives to take many initiatives in the field of defense in order to respond to these criticisms and adapt to the structural transformations in the global system. At least, it tries to show that it strives to integrate in the field of defense to the international environment. In this sense, the EU has developed many tools in its Common Foreign and Security Policy to bring unique solutions to international security problems and conflicts. Military operations and civilian missions have also been concrete indicators of these tools.
Although civil missions are not a primary criterion of the EU's global security actor, they can be defined as important tools that integrate and support military elements with normative and civilian elements, thus facilitating or complicating the EU's unique global security actor. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of EU’s global security actorness in the context of EUAM-Ukraine civil mission within the framework of the intense debates about the strategic autonomy of the EU and the EU's relations with NATO in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war. In the study, it is emphasized to what extent the EU has been integrated and autonomous in the special relations it has developed with Ukraine since 2014, and to what extent it can assert its claim to be a global actor in the solution of international security problems. Thus, it will be tried to put forward a critical view of the EU's intervention with current foreign policy tools, especially in the security problems that started with Russia's annexation of Crimea.

Keywords

: European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy, EU, international security, EUAM-Ukraine

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