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The Impact of Corruption on Nigerian Enterprises' Performance: An Empirical Study

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 315 - 340, 30.11.2021

Öz

This study aims to assess the effects of corruption on Nigerian enterprises performance using data from the World Bank's Enterprises Survey, (Panel Data) for the years 2007, 2009, 2014. The Pooled Regression Model was applied. The corruption measured by six indicators divided into two groups, graft incidence and perceived need to make bribe payments. Graft incidence measures enterprises experienced request for a bribe payment across five types of applications, namely (1) an electrical connection, (2) water connection, (3) phone connection, (4) construction-related permit, and (5) total annual informal payment to public officials. While the perceived need to make bribe payments based on the answer to the question: (6) It is said that establishments are sometimes required to give gifts to public officials to ‘get things done’. The study found that the enterprises experienced a statistically insignificant bribe payment for the water connection and construction-related permit are statistically insignificant. Meanwhile, the level of firms expected to give gifts to public officers "to get things done", especially related to the sale and purchase of fixed assets significant and positively affect the enterprises' performance. As for the total payments to the public officers is significant and has negative effects, which indicates the medium or long terms impacts. This may be explained by the fact that developing economies are characterized by formal institutional flaws such as ineffective public administration and weak rule of law. It can also be explained by the theory of transaction cost, which states that the high transaction cost leads to a decrease in profits and thus poor performance. Unlike other studies, this study indicates that corruption represents an obstacle to Nigerian enterprises’ performance. The argument is that public authorities should move away from increasing the costs of corruption by improving the performance of public officials and implementing standards of transparency. Entrepreneurs also must search for alternatives to avoid paying bribes, such as leasing financing and so on.

Kaynakça

  • Abudu, D. (2017). Corruption and firm performance in Africa. Seminar Paper Presented at the School of Economics, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
  • Asiedu, E., & Freeman, J. (2009). The effect of corruption on investment growth: Evidence from firms in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and transition countries. Review of Development Economics, 13(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2009.00507.x
  • Ayaydin, H., Hayaloglu, P., Rocha Menocal, A., Wps, C., Mcarthur, J., Teal, F., Mcarthur, J., Williams, C. C., Martinez-Perez, A., Kalyuzhnova, Y., Belitski, M., Sahakyan, N.,
  • Stiegert, K., Gaviria, A., Ola, A. S., Mohammed, A., Audi, M. S., Odi, N., Ani, M. K. al, & Bellemare, M. F. (2014). Impact of corruption on economic growth in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n6p41
  • Ayaydın, H., & Hayaloglu, P. (2014). The effect of corruption on firm growth: evidence from firms in Turkey. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 4(5), 607–624.
  • Bai, J., Jayachandran, S., Malesky, E. J., & Olken, B. A. (2019). Firm growth and corruption: empirical evidence from Vietnam. The Economic Journal, 129(618), 651–677.
  • Bologna, J., & Ross, A. (2015). Corruption and entrepreneurship: evidence from Brazilian municipalities. Public Choice, 165(1–2), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0292-5
  • Chakravorty, N. N. T., Williams, C. C., & Martinez-Perez, A. (2016). Evaluating the impacts of corruption on firm performance in developing economies: An institutional perspective. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 16(4), 401–422.
  • Gezikol, B., & Tunahan, H. (2018). The Econometric Analysis of the Relationship Between Perceived Corruption, Foreign Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in the Context of International Indices. Alphanumeric Journal, 6(1), 117–132.
  • Mawdsley, E. (2015). DFID, the private sector and the re-centring of an economic growth agenda in international development. Global Society, 29(3), 339–358.
  • McArthur, J., & Teal, F. (2002). Corruption and firm performance in Africa. University of Oxford Oxford.
  • Okolo, P. O., & Raymond, A. O. (2014). Corruption in Nigeria: The possible way out. Global Journal of Human Social Science for Political Science, 14(7), 30–38.
  • Ola, A., Mohammed, A., & Audi, M. S. (2014). Effects Of Corruption On Economic Development In Nigeria. Global Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Science 3: 209, 215.
  • Sahakyan, N., & Stiegert, K. W. (2012). Corruption and firm performance. Eastern European Economics, 50(6), 5–27.
  • Williams, C. C., Martinez-Perez, A., & Kedir, A. (2016). Does bribery have a negative impact on firm performance? A firm-level analysis across 132 developing countries. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 22(3), 398–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2016-0002

The Impact of Corruption on Nigerian Enterprises’ Performance: An Empirical Study

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 315 - 340, 30.11.2021

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2007, 2009, 2014 yıllarına ait Dünya Bankası'nın İşletmeler Anketi'nden (Panel Verileri) elde edilen verileri kullanarak yolsuzluğun Nijeryalı işletmelerin performansı üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Havuzlanmış Regresyon Modeli uygulanmıştır. Yolsuzluk vakası ve algılanan rüşvet ödemesi ihtiyacı olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmış altı gösterge ile ölçülen yolsuzluk. Aşı vakası, işletmelerin beş tür uygulamada rüşvet ödemesi talebinde bulunduklarını ölçer: (1) elektrik bağlantısı, (2) su bağlantısı, (3) telefon bağlantısı, (4) inşaatla ilgili izin ve (5) toplam yıllık kamu görevlilerine gayri resmi ödeme. Rüşvet verme ihtiyacı algılanırken, şu sorunun cevabına göre yapılan ödemeler: (6) Kurumların bazen 'işleri halletmek' için kamu görevlilerine hediye vermeleri gerektiği söylenmektedir. Bu çalışma, su bağlantısı ve inşaatla ilgili izin için rüşvet ödemesi deneyimleyen işletmelerin istatistiksel olarak önemsiz olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Öte yandan, özellikle sabit kıymet alım satımı ile ilgili olarak kamu görevlilerine “işleri yaptırmak için” hediye vermesi beklenen firma düzeyi önemli ve işletmelerin performansını olumlu etkilemektedir. Kamu görevlilerine yapılan toplam ödemeler ise önemlidir. Orta veya uzun vadeli etkileri gösteren olumsuz etkileri vardır. Bu, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerin etkisiz kamu yönetimi ve zayıf hukukun üstünlüğü gibi resmi kurumsal kusurlarla nitelendirilmesiyle açıklanabilmektedir. Yüksek işlem maliyetinin karlarda düşüşe ve dolayısıyla düşük performansa yol açtığını belirten işlem maliyeti teorisi ile de açıklanabilmektedir. Diğer araştırmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışma, yolsuzluğun Nijeryalı işletmelerin performansına bir engel teşkil ettiğini göstermektedir. Tartışma, kamu yetkililerinin, kamu görevlilerinin performansını artırarak ve şeffaflık standartlarını uygulayarak yolsuzluğun maliyetini artırmaktan uzaklaşmaları gerektiğidir. Girişimciler ayrıca, rüşvet ödemekten kaçınmak için leasing finansmanı vb. gibi alternatifler aramalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Abudu, D. (2017). Corruption and firm performance in Africa. Seminar Paper Presented at the School of Economics, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
  • Asiedu, E., & Freeman, J. (2009). The effect of corruption on investment growth: Evidence from firms in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and transition countries. Review of Development Economics, 13(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2009.00507.x
  • Ayaydin, H., Hayaloglu, P., Rocha Menocal, A., Wps, C., Mcarthur, J., Teal, F., Mcarthur, J., Williams, C. C., Martinez-Perez, A., Kalyuzhnova, Y., Belitski, M., Sahakyan, N.,
  • Stiegert, K., Gaviria, A., Ola, A. S., Mohammed, A., Audi, M. S., Odi, N., Ani, M. K. al, & Bellemare, M. F. (2014). Impact of corruption on economic growth in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n6p41
  • Ayaydın, H., & Hayaloglu, P. (2014). The effect of corruption on firm growth: evidence from firms in Turkey. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 4(5), 607–624.
  • Bai, J., Jayachandran, S., Malesky, E. J., & Olken, B. A. (2019). Firm growth and corruption: empirical evidence from Vietnam. The Economic Journal, 129(618), 651–677.
  • Bologna, J., & Ross, A. (2015). Corruption and entrepreneurship: evidence from Brazilian municipalities. Public Choice, 165(1–2), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0292-5
  • Chakravorty, N. N. T., Williams, C. C., & Martinez-Perez, A. (2016). Evaluating the impacts of corruption on firm performance in developing economies: An institutional perspective. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 16(4), 401–422.
  • Gezikol, B., & Tunahan, H. (2018). The Econometric Analysis of the Relationship Between Perceived Corruption, Foreign Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in the Context of International Indices. Alphanumeric Journal, 6(1), 117–132.
  • Mawdsley, E. (2015). DFID, the private sector and the re-centring of an economic growth agenda in international development. Global Society, 29(3), 339–358.
  • McArthur, J., & Teal, F. (2002). Corruption and firm performance in Africa. University of Oxford Oxford.
  • Okolo, P. O., & Raymond, A. O. (2014). Corruption in Nigeria: The possible way out. Global Journal of Human Social Science for Political Science, 14(7), 30–38.
  • Ola, A., Mohammed, A., & Audi, M. S. (2014). Effects Of Corruption On Economic Development In Nigeria. Global Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Science 3: 209, 215.
  • Sahakyan, N., & Stiegert, K. W. (2012). Corruption and firm performance. Eastern European Economics, 50(6), 5–27.
  • Williams, C. C., Martinez-Perez, A., & Kedir, A. (2016). Does bribery have a negative impact on firm performance? A firm-level analysis across 132 developing countries. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 22(3), 398–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2016-0002
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mohamed Zakaria Fodol 0000-0002-8935-4846

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Fodol, M. Z. (2021). The Impact of Corruption on Nigerian Enterprises’ Performance: An Empirical Study. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(2), 315-340.

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