The Main Macroeconomic Determinants of Environmental Degradation in the Independent Turkic Republics and Türkiye: Panel Data Analysis

Abstract

Precautions to prevent environmental degradation, which is important for the continuation of life, are among the most important issues to which all countries attach importance. For a sustainable environment, it is necessary to make both globally common and individual policy arrangements appropriate to the capabilities of each country. In the applied literature, there are very few studies on the main macroeconomic factors affecting environmental degradation in the independent Turkic Republics and Türkiye which have an ecological deficit despite their underground and aboveground natural resources. For this reason, panel data analyses were conducted for the independent Turkic Republics of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Türkiye using annual data for the period 1996-2018, depending on data availability. In the analysis, ecological footprint, which represents environmental degradation, is considered as a dependent variable; GDP per capita, economic complexity index, non-renewable and renewable energy consumption, and trade openness are considered as independent variables. The results of the analyses show that the most important determinants of environmental footprint are GDP per capita, non-renewable energy consumption, and economic complexity index.

Keywords

• Ecological deficit
• ecological footprint
• biocapacity
• macroeconomic determinants
• independent Turkic Republics
• panel data analysis

Bağımsız Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Türkiye’de Çevresel Bozulmanın Temel Makroekonomik Belirleyicileri: Panel Veri Analizleri

Abstract

Yaşamın devamı açısından önem arz eden çevresel bozulmayı önlemeye yönelik tedbirler tüm dünya ülkelerinin önem verdikleri temel konular arasında yer almaktadır. Sürdürülebilir çevre için hem küresel boyutta ortak hem de her ülkenin kendi imkânlarına göre bireysel politik tedbirler almaları gereklilik arz etmektedir. Uygulamalı literatürde yeraltı ve yer üstü doğal zenginliklerine rağmen ekolojik açık veren Bağımsız Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nde çevresel bozulmayı etkileyen temel makroekonomik faktörlerin neler olduğuna yönelik çok az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada Türkiye ve Bağımsız Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nden Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Türkmenistan ve Özbekistan için veri mevcudiyetine göre 1996-2018 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak panel veri analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizlerde; çevresel bozulmayı temsilen ekolojik ayak izi bağımlı değişken, kişi başına GSYH, ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksi, yenilenemeyen ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile ticari dışa açıklık bağımsız değişkenler olarak ele alınmıştır. Analizlerden elde edilen bulgulara göre ekolojik ayak izinin temel belirleyicilerinin kişi başına GSYH, yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Ekolojik açık
• ekolojik ayak izi
• biyokapasite
• makroekonomik belirleyiciler
• bağımsız Türk Cumhuriyetleri
• panel veri analizi

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